KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (K.S.C.

-- STANDARDS PUBLICATION

1022
KOC STANDARD''381

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
BUILDING WORKS

( STANDARDS
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KrnSrnCrn)

KOC STANDARD 3811022

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
BUILDING WORKS

FEBRUARY, 1983 STAM)AF(DS & NSPH=TK)N m.

AHMADI, KUWAIT
 FOREWORD

Standards Division is in process of updating all existing General Specification for

Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Works.

This is to introduce the New Revision of the "General Specification for Civil
Engineering and Building Works. " .
The object of this General Specification is to establish standards for workmanship and
some material and to provide documentary guidance for personnel engaged in the execution
of typical ~ i v iEngineering
i building works carried out by the Kuwait Oil Company. The
specififation is to be read in Eonjunction with contract drawings, Particular Specifications and
other contract documents.

The requirements of this Specification shall apply for any work described in the
sections except where specific amendments provided in the Particular Specification are shown
on the drawings or the Superintendent issues a variation.

The word "Superintendent" has been used throughout this Specification only as an
abbreviation for the term "Superintendent's Representative", a title which is identified with
a company designation in other contract documents.

This is to inform all Departments concerned that effective 1st February, 1982, this
Specification will supercede the "General Specification for Civil and Building Works of May
1970H,and reference for any projects should refer to this Specification.

.-'ANYS E. RASHID
GEN. SUPDT. STANDARDS & INSPECTION DEPT.

1st February 1983

 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY W.S.C.]

CIVTL ENGTNEERING AND BUTLDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GENERAL INDEX

1. EXCAVATOR
- - . . -_ . .,.
2. CONCRETOR- -
3. BRICKWORK

4. DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE

5. PLASTERER

6. CARPENTER

7. JOINER

8. IRONMONGER

9. ROOFER
.- .
lo. F L O O R - r n WALL TILER

11. METAL AND STRUCTURAL WORKS

12. GLAZIER

13. PLUMBING AND GAS FITTER

14. PAINTING AND DECORATING

15. COATING & WRAPPING FOR BURIED PIPE WORK

16. WELDER
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (K.S.C.)

SECTION 1[

1.1 Profiles
1.2 Clearsite
1.3 ~xcavatiin~enera$y.. . .. -

1.4 Approval of Methods Before Commencement 1

1.5 Bottoms of Excavations
1.6 Existing Services
1.7 Safety Precautions 2
1.8 Excavation Below Required Depth. 2
1.9 Excavations And Timbering 2
1.10 Trench Excavation For Pipes And Cables 3
1.11 Supports To Sides Of Excavation
1.12 Bottoms Of Pipe Trenches
1.13 Level And Ram
- *-
1.14 Explosives -

1.16 Disposal Of Surface Water

11 Filling and Backfilling
1.18 Storage And Disposal Of Excavated Materials
1.19 Borrow Pits
1.20 Filling Over Areas
1.2 1 Filling Under Floors
1.22 Filling Around Foundations
1.23 Filling In Pipe Trenches
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (K.S.C.)
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION !
EXCAVATOR

The Contractor shall provide and erect profiles, templates, sight rails and the like,
including supplying boning rods, and properly set out the proposed works from the
base lines, levels, co-ordinates or a datum given by the Superintendent.

1.2 CLEAR SIT=

.
The site of the works shall be cleared of all rubbish, trees, shrubs and hedges
ineluding the grubbing out of roots indicated on the drawings, or instructed by the . '
~upehmkntC -' "

The Contractor shall break up and.remove old concrete, brick or block foundations,
drains or manholes empty and clean old wells, cesspools, etc., found during the
process of excavation, seal up connections where required, remove all contaminated
earth and fill in voids with compacted material in accordance with this specification.

Excavation shall be to the lines and levels indicated on the drawings, or instructed by
the Superintendent. Where excavating works is carried out by machine, sufficient
depth will be left unexcavated to enable the exact depth required to be obtained by
hand excavating.
I
When vertical work against which concrete is to be placed without shuttering, is
* ---
carried-.--
out by machine, sufficient margin shall be allowed to make possible the
finishing of such faces by hand to the exact dimensions required.
-- l b

- -
1.4 APPROVALOF METWODS B ~ F O R ECOMMENCEMENT

Earthworks shall not commence until the Contractor has provided the Superintendent
with, and obtained his approval to, the methods of excavation, the means of support
to sides of excavation, the safety and support of neighbouring private and public
property, the system of dewatering, the demolition of existing surface and
underground structures and obstacles, moving of any existing services, pipes, culverts
and the like on the side or affecting the works.
 1.5 BOTTOMS OF EXCAVATIONS

Bottoms of all excavations shall be graded true to level and will be inspected and
I
approved by the Superintendent before foundations or pipes are laid. The Contractor
shall notify the Superintendent in writing when formation levels are reached stating
the date and time that such formation is ready for inspection.

The Contractor shall take all necessary steps to protect any existing services, drains,
water and gas mains, power and telephone cables and the like endangered by'
excavations and/or slips and falls, and shall effect all necessary repairs at his own
expense. If any such utilities are encountered, the pipes, cables, etc., shall be
protected
- as shown on the relevant drawing, or as directed by the Superintendent. .
_ . --.. _ - . . .-
1.7 ~ E T Y PRECAUTIONS
The Contractor shall provide sufficient safety signs on and along the excavated areas,
all to the satisfaction of the Superintendent. Lamps with fluid fuel shall never be
used. Hard hat should be provided tdall the working people on any site, even for
visitors.

1.8 EXCAVATION BELOW REOUIRED DEPTH

Should any excavation be made the level shown on the drawings required to obtain
a solid bottom, or instructed by the Superintendent, the excess depth of excavation
shall be filled with concrete mix (1:3:6)at the Contractor's own expense.
i
1.9 EXCAVATIONS AND TIMBERING

Ngtwithstanding any s r d e r ~ -or~approval ~ ~expressed

n to the Contractor
by the Superintendent, or the lack of such order or adace or approval, the Contractor
shall remain entirely responsible for any damage or injury and consequential damage
or injury caused by or arising out of the timbering materials he provides, fues and
maintains.

The Contractor shall likewise be responsible for any injury or damage or

consequential damage aforesaid arising out of the removal of timbering or arising out
of his failure to maintain adequate timbering or other method adopted for the security
of the works, excavations, and adjacent or nearby property and any services. Any
device, permission or approval given by the Superintendent to the removal of
timbering shall not relieve the Contrac'tor of any of his responsibilities. '
 The Superintendent will have the right to force the Contractor to take any measures
required for the safety of personnel. Should the Contractor fail to take these
precautions, the Superintendent will stop the works until the situation is rectified.
Contractor shall not have the right to claim for such works or delays resulting from
I
stoppage.

1.10 TRENCH EXCAVATION FOR PIPFS AND CAB1 .a

Trenches for drain pipe, and the like, which are to be laid to line and level shall be
excavated to the proper gradients as shown on the drawings, or as instructed by'the
Superintendent. .
Excavation shall be carried out by hand within 3M either side of anticipated
pipework,
- cables or the like.
- : - - r. . -
N&* work shall p r d within 9M either side of an overhead power cable until
written permission has been obtained from the Superintendent.

Trenching in residential or industrial areas shall not exceed 300M in length until pipe
or cable laying has begun.

Where other services are encountered, they shall be properly supported and protected
including reinstating disturbed work, covers or similar protection, upon completion
of the new work.

Continuous access for vehicular traffic shall be maintained at all truck and road
crossings by the provision and laying of temporary bridging and/or back filling
trenches as instructed by the Superintendent. I

SUPPORTS TO SIDES OF EXCAVATION

-.. ..--- .
-A - - -2.- -

The C.ontractor shall be responsible for the design, supply fixing and removal of all
pl&king, strutting, shoring and/of sheet piling required to support sides of
excavations, and all costs of the additional quantities of concrete foundations and
earth filling occasioned thereby. Where excavations are cut vertically and not
supported, they shall be backfilled as soon as practicable. Supportad, they shall be
backfilled as soon as practicable. Supports to sides of excavations shall be provided
wherever directed by the Superintendent.

The Contractor should pay particular attention to the location of excavations in

relation to the boundaries of the site, public roads and footpaths to determine the
extent of sheet steel piling that will be required. I

Materials for supports to sides of excavation shall be furnished and driven or set in
place by the Contractor where necessary and wherever ordered by the Superintendent,
even if it is not considered necessary by the Contractor.
 If in the opinion of the Superintendent, the material furnished by the Contractor is not
acceptable quality or of sufficient size and is not properly placed to ensure the safety
of the work or of the adjacent structures and property, the Contractor shall upon
notice from the Superintendent to that effect, provide shoring approved by the
Superintendent. If he shall fail or neglect to do so, the Superintendent may order all
or any part of the work to be stopped until such material is placed to his approval and
I
the costs of such stoppages shall be borne by the Contractor.

Trench excavations for all pipes (except stoneware drain pipes having a concrete bed
under) shall be taken down to extra depths and backfilled with fine sandy material and
consolidated to provide a continuous bearing under the pipe throughout the whole of
its length as follows: .
lSOmm diameter pipe: 75mm extra.

~i$exce@in~150mrn -3&mdiameter: 1M)mm extra excavation and backfill. .

Pipe exceeding 300mm diameter: 150mm extra excavation and bacWi11.

1.13 LEVEL AND RAM

Bottoms of all excavations, filling, or existing ground surfaces shall be levelled and .

well rammed to receive concrete foundations, beds or pavings.

Explosives shall not be used to remove obstructions nor shall they be brought on to
site unless approved by the Superintendent in writing.

1.15 DEWATERING

The Contractor shall allow for-acaffnpkte Bwvaaing-system and sufficient equipment

n&ssary to keep the foundations dry and for maintaining the water tables at the
levels that this requires.

Dewatering shall be carried out without interruption until the Superintendent directs
otherwise and standby equipment and maintenance staff shall be available to ensure
continuous working.

Prior to the commencement of excavations, the Contractor shall prepare and present
to the Superintendent detailed proposals for dewatering the site. The Contractor
shall, at his own cost, incorporate into such proposals any amendments required by
the Superintendent and the Contractor shall obtain the Superintendent's approval of
the system prior to the installation on site.
 The dewatering system shall not be stopped until the completion of the foundation and
site services work and backfilling to same, or until such time as the weight of the
completed portion of the Works is sufficient to offset the uplift characteristics of the
water table as confirmed in writing by the Superintendent.
!
1.16 BTSPOSAL OF SURFACE WATER

The Contractor shall be responsible for the disposal of all surface water as it
accumulates on the site during the construction period until such time as, in the
opinion of the Superintendent, the permanent drainage system is complete the
Contractor shall provide all necessary drainage, manholes, soakaway etc., as directed
and approved by the Superintendent. .
1.17 FILLING AND BACKFILLING
-
--- -Th<-~onuactor shall notify the Superintendent of his intention to commenci -
backfilling operation prior to starting work on this item of the Works.

Excavations shall be backfilled in 150mm layers in such a manner as not to disturb

the structure, and be solidly rammed down
.
and tamped with proper tools made for
this purpose.

If, in the Superintendent's opinion, fill material is too dry, immediate steps shall be
taken to rectify the situation and no additional material shall be placed until the
compaction can be resumed and the suitable moisture content and densities can be
obtained. If the material is too wet, compaction work and placement of additional fill
shall be delayed until the material has dried to the extent that suitable moisture
content and densities may be attained.
I
A uniform moisture content shall be required throughout the layer for the particular
material involved and wetting or drying and manipulation of the material may be
required to accompkh &is -objective. During the progress of the work, the
Superintendent will inspect the material as to type, cbndftion, moisture content and
densities, and may direct the locason of its placement in the fill. The compaction of
each layer shall be completed both in width and longitudinal extent before the next
lift is started. The quality of material being placed shall not exceed the capacity of
the compaction equipment. The distribution of materials shall be such that the
compacted material will be free from lenses, pockets, streaks or other imperfections.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all fill carried out under the
Contract and shall replace any portion which, in the opinion of the Superintendent,
has become displaced.
1.18 STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

The Superintendent will not allow excavated materials to be piled up along sides of
excavations in a number that will overload or increase danger of collapse of
excavation sides. Excavated materials shall be separated into those suitable for fill
and those unsuitable for fill, as directed by the Superintendent. Materials unsuitable
for fill shall, as soon as practicable, preferably immediately after excavation, be
removed from the site and legally disposed of. Materials suitable for fill shall,
subject to the provisions detailed under "Filing and Backfilling," be put to immediate
use or stockpiled for later use, at the option of the Contractor. Material obviqusly
in excess of that required for fdl and bacW111 shall be removed from the site and
legally disposed of to the approval of the Superintendent. In no event will the
Contractor be allowed extra payment for establishing temporary storage piles of
-
materials suitable for fill, or for any multiple handling involved in filling, backfilling
or-disposing of excavated from within the boundaries of the site, nor shall excavated ,

mat.&als be used, without the specific approval of the Superintendent.

1.19 BORROW PITS

Where the Superintendent permits the Coritractor to obtain filling from borrow pits,
the following procedure shall be adopted:

I) The site of the borrow pit shall be stripped of all overburden. The
overburden and all material not suitable for filling shall be heaped well clear
of the borrow pit in the area indicated by the Superintendent.

11) On abandonment of the borrow pit by the Contractor the borrow pit shall be
backfilled with the over-burden and other suitable material and the pit graded
to the approval of the Superintendent. I

1.20 FILLING OVER AREAS

:--- --- 4.
-

~ a i e r i a lfor filling over areas shall be approved, sandy ezirth, gatch or hardcore as
described on the drawings, or instricted by the Superintendent.

The material shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 150mm thick and well
compacted with hand or mechanical. rammers and watered.

The soil having a maximum density of 1600kgIcuM and below as determined by the
modified AASHTO T99 test shall Mf be used as filling materials unless mixed with
heavier soils to obtain densities above 1600kgIcu.M.

The loose top soil and non-compactable soft soil shall be removed and caited away
before starting and filling.
 1.21 FILLING UNDER FLOORS
Only clean, inert, sandy material shall be used to make up levels under floors. Such
material shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 150mm thick and well compacted
1
with hand or mechanical rammers and watered. The use of "gatch" material is not
permitted.

1.22 FILLING AROUND FOUNDATIONS

The foundations and works up to ground level will be inspected and approved by the
Superintendent before back filling is started. They return filling around foundations
and walls shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 150mm thick and well compacted
with hand or mechanical rammers up to original ground level or as instructed by the
-
Superintendent.

FIL-LTNG
,
, IN -PIPETRENCHES

The filling shall be free from stones or other material which is liable to damage the
pipe or corrosion protection material around the pipe. Trenches shall be partially
backfilled over pipes leaving joints free for inspection during testing.

Backfill shall be completed after testing and shall be hand rammed to a depth of not
less than 450mm above crown of the pipe.

The remainder of the trench shall be filled by hand or machine, well compacted
150mm layers and finished to a height of 150mm above surrounding ground levels.

Pipes passing through a rock formation shall be encased in approved sandy. material
to a depth not less than 450mm above crown of pipe. I

All compacted fill and compaction in general will be under the continuous supervision
of the Superintendent. All mpactiowests will be performed by Contractor.
- -
 KUWATT OIL COMPANY IKSC)

CIVIL ENGTNEERTNG AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATION

CONCRETOR

SECTION I1

INDEX
PAGE NO.
2.0 MATERIALS 1 -
2.1 CEMENT
2.1.1 TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT
2.+.2.
. .
AGGREGATES
..?
-
2.2 AGGREGATES

2.2.1 COARSE AGGREGATE

2.2.2 FINE AGGREGATE
2.2.3 GRADING OF AGGREGATE

2.3 WATER
2.4 ADMIXTURE
2.5 BATCHING OF CONCRETE

2.5.1 BATCHING BY WEIGHT

2.5.2 BATCHING BY VOLUME

2.6 MIXING CONCRETE

2.7 TRANSPORTING CONCRETE
2.8 PLACING
CONCRETE
2.9 COMPACTING CONCRETE

2.9.1 MECHANICAL COMPACTION

2.9.2 HAND COMPACTION

2.10 EMBEDDED ITEMS

2.11 JOINTS
2.1 1.1 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
2.1 1.2 EXPANSION & CONTRACTING JOINTS
2.1 1.3 JOINT FILLERS
2.1 1.4 JOINT SEALANTS
 PAGE NO.

2.12 FINISH OF CONCRETE

CURING CONCRETE
METHODS OF CURING
CURING COMPOUNDS
PROTECTION OF FOUNDATIONS
EPOXY RESIN BONDING AGENTS
PROTECTING CONCRETE
SURFACE HARDENING
GROUTING

Z.20.1 WIDE AREAS

-. -- -- 2.m.2 NARROW AREAS -
2.21 DRY PACKING MORTAR
2.22 CONCRETE TRIAL BATCHES
2.23 WATERICEMENT RAT10
2.24 TESTING

2.24.1 SLUMP TEST 13

2.24.2 CUBE TEST 13
2.24.3 CUBE PREPARATION 13
2.24.4 CONCRETE TESTING 14
2.24.5 CUBE HANDLING 14
2.24.6 CUBE TESTING ! 14
2.24.7 MINIMUM CRUSHING STRENGTH OF THE TEST CUBES 14
2.24.8 DEFECTIVE WORK 14
2.24.9 CLEANING EQUIPMEN% -- 15
2.23.10 CLASSES, PROPORTIONS & STRENGTH -
- REQUIREMENTS QF CONCRETE
15
2.24.1 1 USES OF CONCRETE 15

2.25 CONCRETE FLOORS 16

2.26 CONCRETING IN HOT WEATHER 17
2.27 READYMIX CONCRETE
2.28 PRECAST CONCRETE
2.29 FORMWORK 19
 KUWATT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

ClVlL ENGlNEERlNG AND BUlLDlNG WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATION

MATERIALS

2.1 Cement
.
All cement shall be obtained from an approved source and comply with requirements of the
appropriate British Standard or ASTM. Normally, the cement used shall be ordinary Portland
Cement to BS 12, or ASTM C-150 of an approved brand name, or where particularly
-
s p H. i @ rapid hardening cement to BS 12 or ASTM C-150.
+

2.1.1 Tvnes of Portland Cement

a. Type I: Normal Portland Cement
b. Type 11: Modified Port!and Cement
c. Type 111: High-Early Strength Portland Cement
d. Type IV: Low-Heat Portland Cement
e. Type V: Sulphate-Resistant Portland Cement

White cement shall be ordinary Portland Cement containing an approved

limeproof, non-fading colour pigment complying with B.S. 1014. White
cement shall be obtained from the same source and be uniform in quality and
colour.

The cement shall he delivered to the Site(s) in the original sealed an? branded
bags and shall stored in a proper manner off the ground to prevent
deterioration. No cement shall be used which has been manufactured more
than twelve months prior to its proposed use on site.

- Cement shall not be stacked on a work site for more than one week within
two miles of the coast:

Cement which has become coked or otherwise adversely affected by damp

shall be at once removed from the site.

Cement shall be sampled and tested in accordance with ASTM C-150 so that
the results are known immediately prior to its use on site.

Both fine and coarse aggregates shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C33, or B.S.
882 (aggregate from natural sources for concrete.)
Aggregates shall be stored in bins of adequate size with a canopy cover and a floor of mass concrete
sloped to drain towards the adjacent ground.

Suitable divisions shall be provided to prevent the different types of aggregate from mixing.

All aggregates shall be tested for potential alkalilaggregate reactivity'in accordance with ASTM 289.

2.2.1- c
Coarse aggregates used in concrete mixes shall consist of crushed stone, gravel slag,
volcanic rock, or other approved inert material with similar characteristics or such
material having clean hard durable uncoated particles free from injurious substances
in such a form or in sufficient quantities to affect the strength, at any age, or the-
durability of the concrete, including where applicable, the resistance to corrosion of
the reinforcement.

Coarse aggregates, in addition to the requirements of ASTM.C33, shall comply also

. - . . ..I
wit3 the followings:

The water absorption of each, size of coarse aggregate shall not exceed 2.5% by
weight.

The flakiness and elongation indick of the predominant size fractions in each coarse
aggregate determined in accordance with B.S. 812 shall not exceed 20% and 35% '

weight of sample respectively.

The total acid soluble sulphate content of coarse aggregates expressed as sulphur
trioxide shall not exceed 0.04% by weight. The total acid soluble chloride contents
of coarse aggregate expressed as sodium chloride shall not exceed 0.05% by weight.

2.2.2 Fine A m I

Fine aggregate for all types of concrete shall consist of sand or similar inert materials
(such as gravel, crushed stone, slag or volcanic rock), or combination thereof, having
- clean durable uncoated grains an2 frge from ir&ri&s amounts of dust, lumps,
gypsum, soft or flaky particles, shale, loam organic matter or other deleterious
substances in such a form, Br in sufficient quantity, to affect adversely the strength
at any age, or the durability of the concrete, including where applicable, the
resistance to corrosion of the reinforcement. The fine aggregate shall be
mechanically washed with fresh sweet water. Under no circumstance shall hand
washed sand, unwashed desert sand, or seashore sand be permitted to be used in the
works.

The aggregate shall not contain more than 3% by weight of clay or silt determined
in accordance with the test given in B.S. 882, for the amount of aggregate passing
a No. 200 B.S. 410 fine test sieve. Fine aggregate should contain not less than 15%
passing a No. 50 sieve and at least 4% passing a No. 100 sieve. These minimum
must be met to regulate the water gain and add to the cohesiveness of the mix.
 Fine aggregate shall not be used for reinforced concrete if the salt content and the
aggregate expressed as chlorides exceeds 0.02 % .

2.2.3 Grading of Aggregates

The grading of aggregates shall be within the following limits:

(0 Coarse A I Z ~

Percentage By Weight Passing BS Sieve

BS 410 Nominal size of graded Nominal Size of Single-sized
gate aggregate
TEST 20mm
to .
SIEVE -' smm
75.0mm
63.0mm
37.5mm
20.0mm
14.0mm
1o.omm
5.0mm
2.36mm

Fine Aggregate
- -

- - Percentage By Weight Passing BS.- Sieve ----.. --

BS 140
Test Sieve - Grading Grading Grading Grading
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
10.00mm 100 100 100 100
5.00~~n 90-100 90- 100 90- 100 95-100
2.36mm 60-95 75- 100 85-100 95- 100
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75- 100 90- 100
600 microns 15-34 35-59 60-79 80- 100
300 microns 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150 microns 0-lo* &lo* 0- 10* 0-1s
 *For crushed stone sands, the permissible, limit is increased to 20%. The 5% tolerance permined
by the above may, in addition, be applied to the percentages in light type.

2.3 WATER
I Water used in all types of concrete shall be clean and free from hjurious quantities of oil, acid,
alkali, organic or other deleterious substances and shall be fresh water as produced by the State
Distillation Plant.

Sea-water shall not be used for mixing or curing any type of concrete, plasters and mortars.

2.4 ADMIXTURES
1

Admixtures are added to the mixing water to improve workability, reduce segregation, accelerate
setting, on-trainlair, reduce shrinkage, or harden the concrete surface. The only approved additive
for use as an accelerator is calcium chloride. The amount used should be restricted to less than 2
percent by -weight of the cement in the mix. The amount required to retard-setting time is governed .
by temperature, humidity and wind. No additiveplasticisers or the w6r'kahility aients shall he used,
without the approval of the Superintendent.

2.5 BATCHING OF CONCRETE

2.5.1 Batchinv hv W e u

the cement and each size of aggregate shall be measured hy weight and added water shall
preferably be measured by weight rather than by volume. The weight batching plant used
shall be to the approval of the Superintendent and shall be kept in good condition whilst in
use on the works. Checks shall be made as required by the Superintendent to determine that
the weighing devices are registering correctly.

2.5.2 Batching Bv Volume

When batching aggregates by volume is allowed by written permission of the Superintendent,

the cement shall be batched by weight and the water by weight or volume. Each size of
aggregate shall be measured in metallic containers the depth%Ti;hicKis-al"leasttequal to their
greatest width. The containers shall be of such shape that their volume can be easily checked
bjr measurement. ...

2.6 MTXTNG C O N C R m
Unless otherwise approved in writing by the Superintendent, all concrete shall be made in an
approved free-fall, tilting drum type concrete mixer which shall generally confirm with the design
data contained in BS 1305 (Batch type concrete mixers) and have an accurate water measuring device.
 Mixing shall continue until there is uniform distribution of materials and the mass in uniform in
colour and consistency. The minimum time permitted for mixing one batch is 2 minutes in the mixer.
Excessive mixing shall not be permitted.

The amount of concrete mixed in any one batch is not to exceed the rated capacity of the mixer and
the whole of the batch shall be removed before materials for a freslibatch enter the drum.

Mixing of concrete in temperatures below an ambient temperature of 2°C (35°F) is forbidden,

TRANSPORTING CONCREn

A number of methods of transporting concrete are available, but in all cases the concrete must be
transported so that it does not segregate and so that it does not become contaminated with water or,
any other material after it has left the mixer.
Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as possible in its final position to avoid re-handling and shall
- . - ., - be immediately compacted.
- --.. - -. -

When concrete is conveyed by chutting, the plant shall be so designed that there will be a continuous
flow in the chute. The slope of the chute shall be such as to allow the concrete to flow without the
use of water and without the segregation of the materials. The delivery end of the chute shall be
close as possible to the point of deposit. the chute sh'all be thoroughly flushed with water before and
after each working period and the water used for this purpose shall be discharge outside the
formwork.

The following methods are acceptable to transport concrete.

a. Pumping
b. Crane and Skip
c. Chute and
d. Dumper and Wheelbarrow.

2.8 PLACING CONCRETE

" 'Befofe thEconcrete is placed in its final position, the insides of the forms should be inspecfed tu3WE '--"

sure they are clean and have been treated with release agent. Where the forms are deep, temporary
openings should be provided for this inspections. Rubbish, such as sawdust, shaving and wire, should
be blown out with compressed air. The concrete must be placed in its final position whilst it is still
workable and shall not subsequently be disturbed.

Where concrete is to be placed on or against ground it shall be placed immediately following the final
preparation of the formation.
 Immediately prior to recommencement of concreting at a joint, the surface of the existing concrete
shall be free from laitance and shall be roughened so that the tips of the largest aggregate are exposed
but not disturbed.

Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling. All
! placing and compacting shall be carried out under the direct supervision of a competent member of
the Contractor's staff.

No extra water shall be added to the mix after the concrete has left the mixer.

Care shall be taken to avoid the displacement or movement of formwork and damage to faces of
formwork.

Concrete shall not be placed by any method which causes segregation undesirable finish or defective
.
structural quality nor shall it be moved into position by rakes or vibrators. Chutes, skips, pumps
hoppers, etc., shall be kept free from coatings of hardened concrete and shall not be wetted during
use. --
- - 6.

2.9 COMPACTING CONCRETE

Concrete shall be carefully rammed during placing to ensure full compaction and to produce a dense
and uniform mass. Approved power driven vibrators shall be used in all concreting operations.

2.9.1 Mechanical Comnaction: Mechanical vibrators consist of:

(i) external, shutter-mounted

(ii) internal poker
(iii) mechanical tamping or screeding types.
(surface vibrators)

and shall be used solely to compact concrete when it has been placed in its final position.
Vibrators shall not be used to spread or drive the concrete along forms, care muSt be taken
to ensure that damage does not occur to the form faces and that the rebar is not displaced.
Pokers must be withdrawn vertically and slowly to ensure that voids are not left in the
.. .:-* -
withdrawal zones. The poker type shall be inserted in the concraeat po&hn--approximately
-
30cm 6Ocm apart, shall remain in the concrete until wfien the concrete surrounding the
poker has become like a stiff jelly. ,-
The poker shall be inserted around the edges of the work as close to the shuttering as possible
without touching it.

External vibrators shall be securely clamped to the sides of the formwork and be maintained
at a constant depth of 45cm below the surface of the deposited concrete. Care shall be
exercised to prevent the appearance of laitance due to over vibration.
 Surface or pan type vibrators shall be employed in the compaction of floors, slabs, etc. and
the whole area cast should he uniformly transversed in order that a homogenous surface
texture should he obtained without the appearance of laititnce.

I
2.92 Hand Com~actionWhen Authorised)

Concrete during and immediately after depositing, shall be thoroughly compacted by means
of suitable tools by rodding, tamping or slicing. Special care shall be taken to see that the
concrete is thoroughly worked next to formwork and reinforcing bars to enable a dense,
compact concrete free from honeycombing and blow holes to be obtained. In this walls, or
portions of the form which are difficult of access, the wncrete shall also be assisted into place
by tapping or hammering the form opposite the freshly deposited concrete.
.
2.10 EMBEDDED ITEMS
Concrete shall not be placed until provisions for housing conduits, pipes, sleeves, anchor bolts,
--- ..- . waterstois~ndother embedded items are positioned accurately, and supported
and approved by the Superintendent.
--
- .. against
- displacement
. r..
.

JOINTS

2.11.1 Construction Join&

Where construction joints are shown on the drawings as requestd by the Superintendent, they .
shall be formed at right angles to the axis of the member concerned. The joints shall be
formed by the insertion of rigid stop forms with stud dowels or P.V.C. water-drops as
required and approved by the Superintendent.

Before new concrete is placed, the face of all construction joints shall have laitance removed
and shall have the coarse aggregate expose. It shall be left clean and dry. In no case shall
a thin layer of concrete be first placed in the bottom as slabs without the express permission
of the Superintendent. Where beams and slabs together forms an integral part of the structure
they shall be poured in one operation.
-- .. -
2.1 1.2 Expansion And Contraction Joints -
Expansion and Contraction joints shall be made as shown on the drawings or as instructed by
the Superintendent.
 2.11.3 Joint Filler:

Joint fillers shall be a compressed sheet of wood fibre impregnated with bitumen emulsion
complying with ASTM D1751-73. The filler may alternatively be a compressed sheet of cork
granules bonded with bitumen or synthetic resin complying with ASTM Dl751 - 67.

The material should be rot-proof waterproof, non-absorbent and non-staining and shall not
extrude under pressure or the weight of poured concrete.

Prior to pointing, tbe joint shall be cleaned and the edge of the filler tamped down to ensure
that the joint is filled completely and continuous support is provided for the sealant.

2.11.4 Joint S e a l m

All sealants shall have good adhesion to the structure and shall not age, harden or become
brittle over a temperature range from -5°C to 60°C. The sealants shall not slump or flow
- after application is complete during seasonal contraction and expmsion of the joint of up to
-
. + or 12.5% of the joint width.' 'They silafl net stain or discolour'the adjacent concrete
surfaces and shall be formulated so that any toxic materials incorporated or generated during
curing will not migrate to the surfaces where they could be extracted when the sealant has
cured. General purpose sealants shdl be self-curing polysulphide rubber compound and shall
comply with B.S. 4254.

2.12 FINISH OF CONC-

Concrete surfaces shall be finished free from honeycoming and excessing air holes, fines and
projections arising from defective mixing, placing and formwork, and shall, if necessary, be rubbed
with a fine carborundum stone. The finish shall be integral with the body of the concrete and shall
not be obtained by means of an applied rendering.

All exposed surfaces of concrete shall be finished fairface described as "finished air" shall be obtained
I
by the use of wrote formwork.

- _ -"- -_ -_ After
.
-- _- -.
striking formwork, the surface of the concrete shall he leti untouched until inspected by the
-
Superintendent. - - -
1 7-

Floor slabs and other flat work shall recgve a finish as specified on the drawings.
2.13 CURING CONCRETE

Curing of concrete shall be controlled during the period of time necessary for hydration of the cement
and proper hardening of the concrete to ensure that it has satisfactory durability and strength, the
minimum of distribution, is free from excessive efflorescence and does not cause, by its shrinkage,
, undue cracking in the structure. To achieve those objectives it may be necessary to insulate the
concrete so that it is maintained at a suitable temperature, or so that the rates of evaporation of
moisture from the surfaces are kept to appropriate values or both.

Concrete made with ordinary or sulphate resisting portland cement shall be cured for a minimum
period of 7 days.

The temperature of the concrete during curing is to be kept as uniform as possible and the concrete ,
is to be protected from rapid atmospheric temperature changes.

2.14 &fETHODS OF CURING

-- - .
The following'methods of curing may be adopted: ., - , --
1. Formwork in close contact with the concrete, or

2. Covering with an absorbent material kept damp, or

3. An impermeable sheet close enough to the surfaces to prevent an excessive circulation of air, ,

or

4, A membrane curing composing approved by the Superintendent and used in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.

Alternate wetting and drying shall be avoided especially in the form of cold water applied to warm
concrete surfaces. In order to avoid surfaces cracking cold water shall not be applied to' relatively
large members immediately atter striking the formwork while the concrete is still warm.

After initial curing, concrete protection is to be maintained to bring the curing period to a minimum
of 7 days u-ndetamtroW mperatures and in moist conditions. ..

2. IS CURING COMPOUNDS ..

Chemical curing compounds shall comply with ASTM C-309. They shall be applied by spray or
sprinkler as soon as the formwork is removed or as soon as the free surface water has disappeared
and shall not be sprayed onto dry concrete surfaces nor into concrete which has free water standing
on the surface. The curing membrane shall disintegrate and flake off from the concrete over a period
of days commencing a minimum of seven days after application. Storage, hauling and application
shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. As membrane curing systems
compounds may affect the subsequent treatment or finish of the surface of the concrete, their use shall
be approved by the Superintendent before they are adopted. k
I 2.16 PROTECTION OF FOUNDATIONS

Foundations in soil with a total sulphate content of 1.0% or more, or where so instructed, shall be
I protected as foliows:
I The foundation shall be laid on heavy duty polythene sheeting which will be laid on a mixhum of
50mm thickness of blinding concrete or as shown on the drawings using cement to ASTM C150,
1 Type 5.

The sides of foundations in contact with soil shall be protected with two coats of "Synthaprufe" or
similar approved. The "Synthaprufe" will be applied to a clean, even surface at the rate of (5 litre
per) 11 sq. m. The second coat will be sand blinded, whilst still tacky. The minimum cover to all
reinforcement shall be SOrnm or as specified on the drawings. .
2.17 EPOXY RESIN BONDING AGENTS

Fresh comete can best be bonded to oil concrete by preparing the old concrete surface to remove - .
the surface-laitkceand ta expose the aggrqaik. The surface should wetted down the previous day
and yet be free from standing water when the new concrete is applied. A 'tack coat' of cementiwater
slurry may be brushed into the surface immediately prior to concreting, hut like epoxy coats, it must
still be tacky when the new concrete is placed against-it.

2.18 PROTECTING CONCRETE

Concrete shall be protected to prevent damage from weather, plant overhauling or any other cause.

Before making good any damage, the Contractor shall obtain the Superintendent's approval of the
methods and materials proposed.

Concrete shall not be cut without the prior approval of the Superintendent.
I
2.19 SURFACE HARDENING

If concrete floor slabs are to be hardened or made resistant to soils, membrane curing agents must
not be h S K n e y must be applied according to the manufactursr's recommendations. -Liquia'- "-
hardeners_-areapplied with a brush or mop, and must never be sprayed-on fresh new concrete even
diluted with water.

GROUTING

2.20.1 Wide A m

For filling uncongested areas where the least clear dimension is greater than 50mm grout in
the mix proportion I :'k :lwr (cementlfine aggregatelcoarse aggregate by weight shall be used.)
 The workability shall be measured by slump cone and shall lie between 50 and 100mm. The
waterlcement ratio shall be kept to a minimum that will produce a grout capahle of being worked into
the place to be filled.

2.20.2 Barrow Area

For filling areas where the least clear dimension is less than 50mm grout in the mix
proportion 1:2 (cement/sand) by weight shall be used.

The waterlcement ratio shall be kept to a minimum that will produce a grout capable of being
worked into the place to be filled.

Grout shall be cured by covering with moist hessian for a period of seven days. .
2.21 PRY PACKING MORTAR
'
Dry packingis a mixture of one pan of portland cement and two parts of sand (1:2) mixed thoroughly .
with just enough water to produce a consistency such that when a sarnple is squeezed in the hand only
enough moisture will come to the surface to moisten the hand, dry packing is accomplished by
ramming the mixture into place until rings.

Dry packing shall be cured by covering with moist heSsian for a period of 7 days.
2.22 CONCRETE TRIAL BATCH=

Two methods are used to design a trial batch mix for laboratory testing. The older of these is the
volume mix. Quantities are measured with a shovel or container. It is roughly assumed that a 1:2:4
mix will give a 28 day breaking strength of 246 kg/cm2. A mix 1:2:4 by volume means that the mix
has 1 sack (0.0283 cu. meter) of cement mixed with 0.07 cu. meter of sand and 0.147 meter of
gravel. Water is added during mixing for the desired workability; from 5 % to 7% gallons per sack
of cement. The amount of moisture in the sand and gravel will determine the amount of water to use
with volume mixes. The coarser the aggregate, the less free water it will carry into the batch.

Design batches by weight is the modem method for making trial hatch designs. The data thus
obtained can-be passed on to the hatching plant operator, who also uses
- the weight method for mixing
in bulk. -
2.23 WATERICEMENT RATIO

The essential factor in making a series of trial batches is to maintain the water-cement ratio constant.
 The aggregates contain moisture since they are stored without any protection from rains. Moist sand
contains approximately 8 gallon per cubic meter when very wet, 25 to 33 gallon of water per cubic
meter. The amount of mixing water must be reduced to allow for the aggregate moisture.

I
When internal high frequency vibrators (poker type) are to be used, the concrete mix should be drier
than when external shutter vibrators, mechanical or hand tamping methods are used.
\
2.24 TESTING

2aa!xaM
The consistency of a concrete batched mix is determined by the slump test in accordance with
ASTM C143 or BS 1881. This test should be made by Superintendent's Representative in '
the field by taking concrete sample from the truck spout or from the fresh concrete of 16
gauge steel and is 30.5cm in length. The larger open end is 20cm in diameter. Two handles
for lifting are placed on opposite sides lOcm from the top. In making a slump test, the ,
foookiag pr~cgdupsmust be-followed:

1. Dampen the metal cone and place on a flat surface.

2. Fill the cone from the top by placing four layers of fresh concrete.

3. Each layer of concrete must he rodded with 25 vertical strokes.

The tamping rod is a smooth 15mm diameter rod with a length of approximately
61cm. The end used for tamping is hemispherical in shape. The rod may be steel
3 kgm.

All tamping should be uniform. The bottom layer is rodded throughout its depth.
The two top layers are rodded with rod penetrating the layer.
I
Strike-off the top layer level or and add mix until the cone is full and level.

Lift the cone from mold of mix very carefully in a vertical direction, then place it
beside the mold just formed. - --

Place a straight edge across the top of the cone extending over the mold.

Measure the difference between the height of the cone and the molded concrete. This
measurement is taken to the highest point of the concrete.

Record the slump test in cms to the nearest 0.5crn specimen.

 A well-proportioned concrete mix with proper water content will gradually slump but r m i n
its original, cohesive form. A poor mix with an excessive water content will slump quickl),
aggregates will separate, and the specimen will disintegrate. Slump tests should be conducted
continually by Superintendent's Representative to control water content.

The recommended slumps and maximum water-cement ratios for various types of construction
I
are given in the following table:

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION SLUMP IN MAXIMUM WATER-CONTENT

MAX MIN RATIO*
Beams and Slabs 50mm 15mm The maximum free water cement ratio
shall be 0.55
Columns and Walls lOOmm 15mm
Foundations & Pavin

*Any surface moisture

- on the aggregates shall be included.
. -- ^._.,
- - .
2.2<2 ~ h ~ ee s ~
'

Testing shall include compressive tests of molded concrete cubes with slumps test for
consistency.

Contractor shall be responsible for the following:

a. Supply steel 15cm square x 15cm high cube mould to the jobsite.

b. Prepare and temporarily store all test cubes.

c. Perform all slumps tests.

d. Deliver all test cubes to K.O.C. testing Lab.

e. Prepare test reports.

-
Compressive test cubes shall be prep'ked in sets of six cubes for each test. Specimens for
each set shall be obtained at the same time and from the same batch of concrete. A standard
slump test shall be made each time compression test cubes are taken.

Test cubes sets shall be dated and numbered consecutively. Each cube of each set shall also
be given an identifying letter (A,B, or C) and the following data shall be recorded at the time
the cubes are prepared.

a. Test cube number and letter

b. Location of concrete on the job
c. Air temperature
d. Slumps
e. Data poured
 f. Name of Superintendent's Representative making cubes.

2.24.4 Concrete Testing

The test cube shall be 15cm x 15cm high. The concrete shall be placed into the mold in 3
layers 5cm deep and each layer shall be compacted with at least 35 strokes of a 25rnm square
I
tamping bar.

2.24.5 Cube Handlia

All cubes must be immediately stored under wet sand or burlap for 16 to 24 hours after
preparation. The cubes shall then be removed from the molds.

Each cube shall be indelibly marked with the information in paragraph 2.24.3 then packed
in wet sand for shipment to K.O.C. testing laboratory. At no washed free of any salts with\
water suitable for drinking.

All water used in cube storage must be suitable for drinking. All sand used to protect cubes ,
b~st--bew a s h g e e of any sdts with water suitable for drinking. -

2.24.6 Cube Testiu

At least six cubes shall be made Q one time. Three of the six cubes are to be tested @ 28
days. The strength of the cubes must not fall below the minimum strength specified for each
type of concrete.

2.24.7 Minimum Crushing Strength of the Test Cuhes

The minimum crushing strength of the work test cubes acceptable by the Superintendent shall
be as shown in the following table:

Minimum resistance to crushing of 15cm square test cube.

The results of all tests carried out shall be recorded and kept on site.

Concrete evaluation and acceptance be in accordance with ACI-318 Section 4.3 and ASTM
C94.

2.24.8 Pefective Work

Any defective concrete work shall, at the discretion of the Superintendent, bk demolished
completely and rebuilt or cut and made good with fine concrete of the same proportions as
the original. Such rectification shall be to the satisfaction of the Superintendent and at the
Contractor's expense and no extension of contract period will be granted.
 2.24.9 Cleaning Eauinmen~

All mixing machines, wheelbarrows, vessels, platforms, tools and implements used for
mixing, transporting or placing concrete shall be kept clean at all times.
' 2.24.10 Classes. Proportions and S t r m Requirements of Concreti

Minimum resistance to crushing of 15cm test cube.

Cu. Metre of Cube Strength Cube Strength

Proportions Aggregate per within 7 days within 28
(Nominal) (50kg) bag of after mixing days after
Cement mixing
Fine Coarse

1:3:6
20mm agg.
1:2:4
40mm agg.
1:2:4
20mm agg.
1:2:4
lOmm agg.
1:11h:3
1 20- agg.

2.24.11 Uses of Concrete

-.. ,C .
Except where otherwise stated on the drawings, or as instructed by the Superintendent, the
fbllowing concrete mixes will be used-for
. the purpose stated:
 Purpose

2.25 CONCRETE FLOORS

In warehouses, workshops and other industrial buildings, floors shall be constructed in alternate strips
3M wide running transversely to the length of the building and not more than 9m in length. The side
shutters of the bays first concreted shall be stripped not earlier than the day following concreting
during the months May to October inclusive, and not earlier than the third day after concreting during
the remainder of the year. The edges of the bays so tripped will be used for screeding the
intermediate bays remaining.

When floors are concreted during the months June to September inclusive, no expansion joints are
required. During the remainder of the year, an expansion joint 6.5m thick composed of approved
material, shall be constructed around the periphery of the floor. I

Floors are to be compacted as specified in clause 2.9 above and shall be brought to a slightly
corrugated surface by tamping with a timber screed or by the use of vibratory screed, or shall be
wooden floated before initial set has begun and finished off wlfh-a-sted m d d m u t one hou~-afit:
setting has commenced, to give a smooth-clean surface.
 Patching of a concrete surface with mortar is strictly forbidden.

2.26 CONCRETING IN HOT WEATHER

The Contractor shall obtain daily temperature forecasts from a source approved by the Superintendent
I
from 1st May to 30th September inclusive and concreting shall be accordingly.

When the shade air temperature is 37°C and rising, special precautions must be taken during all
concreting operations so that the temperature of concrete when placed does not exceed 35°C.

In such conditions, the following steps shall be taken:

a. The water for concreting shall be cooled to a temperature between P C and 15°C. Where ice
is introduced to a mix this shall be taken into account in computing waterlcement ratios and
-
care shall be taken to ensure that all ice has melted before concrete leaves the mixer.

... - b. Aggregates shall-be cooled by draughts 'and be protected from direct -

- sunlight with heat- .
rehecting cbvers.'

c. All formwork and reinforcement shall be cooled by sprinkling of water and they shall be
protected from direct sunshine.

d. Mixed concrete shall be used without delay. Wet concrete carrying vehicles shall not be
exposed to the hot sun for more than an absolute minimum of time.

e. Steps shall be taken to maintain the temperature of the concrete below 35°C until it has
hardened.

f. Concrete is not to be mixed and placed when the ambient temperature in the shade exceeds
43°C or during heavy sand storms or during heavy rains.

Notwithstanding the above requirements, no concreting will he allowed during the months !of May to
September inclusive between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. except with the written permission of
the Superintendent. --
- -
The Contractor shall take account of this restriction when programming his concreting. If necessary,
he shall arrange to pour outside these hours but should note that no claim for overtime payment for
the so doing will be admitted by the Superintendent.
 READYMiX CONCRETE

Ready-mixed concrete shall comply with the requirements of ASTM-C94 except where clauses are
directly over ridden by this Specification in which case the Contractor shall be made aware of such
differences.
I

Concrete shall only be mixed at depots approved by the Superintendent.

Unless specifically authorised by the Superintendent, concrete shall be mixed and water added to the
mixer at the depot and no additional water shall be added at any stage from batching to placing.
Should the Contractor request dry batching he will have to satisfy the Superintendent.

2.28 PRECAST CONCRETE

The quality of the materials used, the methods of mixing, placing, compaction and curing the
concrete, reinforcement and framework described in this section shall equally apply to precast
-
...concrete work. All present units must-be completely uniform in colour and texture. Therefore, all- '

unik mud-be obtained from the same manufacturer who shall obtain all his materies from one source . ,
only.

The Contractor shall comply with the provisions of the following codes, specifications and standards,
except as otherwise shown or specified:

ACT 301 "Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings".

ACT 31 1 "Recommended Practice for Concrete Inspection".

The Contractor shall comply with building code requirements which are more stringent than the
above.

The exposed surfaces of precast concrete units shall be in accordance the requirements of the
I
Architectural drawings and the specifications for finishes to formed and unformed surfaces.

Curing by low pressure steam, steam vapour, radiant heat and moisture, or other similar process may
be employed to accelerate concrete hardening and to rMuce the cu_ringtime.
..
Precast concrete units which do not conform to the specified requirements, including strength,
tolerances, and finishes shall be replaced with precast concrete units that meet the requirements of this
Specifications. The Contractor shall also be responsible for the cost of corrections to any other work
effected by or resulting from corrections to the precast concrete work.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the supply, design erection stability, striking and removal of
the formwork and centering so as to preserve the concrete from damage or distortion during setting.
The maximum permissible deflection of formwork under the load of wet concrete, workmen, plant
etc., shall be 2mm, or 11600 of the unsupported span whichever is the less.

The formwork shall be constructed of sound new timber andlor metal and shall include all temporary*
mould for forming the concrete to the required shape, together with all temporary constructions
required for the supports of such moulds. All concrete forms for sharp edges shall be chamfered and
- shall be filletted as directed, unless otherwise required by the Superintendent.
all corners
-
~rou~ht.'formwoik shall be constructed of sound new timber gaming and lir;sb with either l2mm
thick new plywood, with smooth face or other equal and approved lining suitable to obtain a smooth
fair face finish on the concrete.

The formwork shall be so constructed as to leave the finished work to the dimensions shown on the
drawings with the surface finish specified.

Concrete surfaces which are to be plastered may be shuttered with sawn formwork.

The formwork shall be of such quality and strength as will ensure complete rigidity during placing,
ramming vibration, setting and curing of the concrete.

The formwork shall be so constructed as to be removable without shock to the concrete. No portion
of the wood forms shall be left in the concrete. I

The formwork shall he so constructed as to prevent loss of any liquid from the concrete. Formwork
to concrete which is to be vibrated shall have all wedges naild. to ppygslipping or distortion.
 To facilitate proper curing the formwork to beams shall be so constructed as to permit the removal
of the sides before the bottoms.

All exposed edges of concrete work without exception shall be finished with a 25mm x 25mm
I
chamfer neatly mitred at intersections, or as shown on the drawings.

The minimum periods that formwork and certering will be in position before striking will normally
be as follows:

Member May-Sept. Incl. I 0ct.-April Inc. 1I

Columns one side 2 days 3 days
Ditto, remaining three sides 3 4
Beams, sides 4
Ditto, soffities 14
Walls, 15cm,-thick or under . .
Ditto, over 15cm thick. - .
suspended slabs, soffits
(Foundations sides)
(Periods commencing from the
last day on which concrete was
placed

Having regard for prevailing climatic conditions, these periods may be varied at the discretion of the
Superintendent. Such variations shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibility or give
him the right to request extension of contract period.

All formwork must be carefully cleaned out before concrete is poured and any necessary temporary
opening must be left to facilitate cleaning.
I
All formwork shall be inspected and approved by the Superintendent before concrete is placed. Such
approval will not relieve the contractor of his responsibility for the safety and efficiency of the
formwork.
-
Prior to the striking of any formwork, the- Contractor shall obtain the Superintendent's approval.
Such approval will not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility in respect of the concrete work.

Before placing the concrete, the internal faces of formwork shall be retreated with mould oil. Care
shall be taken that the reinforcement does not become contaminate with the mould oil. Form-treating
materials that adhere to, or discolour concrete shall .not be used.
 Permanent formwork shall he constructd of slabs or hlocks of precast concrete. cement sand
blockwork or brickwork. It shall have a positive anchorage to the structure and the joints made tight
with mortar or by such means as will prevent leakage of grout from the concrete.

2.30 REINFORCEMENT
1

Reinforcement may consist of round steel bars, deformed bars or welded mesh fabrics. Bar
reinforcement shall comply with the following British Standards and American Standards.

BS 4449 (Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete)

BS 4461 (Cold worked steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete)

BS 4466 (Recommended radii for bends)

BS 4482- (Hard drawn mild steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete)
- ..
-- .*
BS 4483 *.- (Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete)

ASTM A 185 (Steel fabric reinforcement)

All reinforcement shall be free from oil, dirt, loqse rust, scale or other deleterious matter before
placing the concrete.

Bends in reinforcement bars shall be made cold in a bending machine of approved pattern with an
evenly applied force. The cutting and bending dimensions of reinforcement shall comply with BS
4466. Bars to be connected longitudinally shall be lapped and securely wired together. Plain bars
in tension shall be bent to a minimum radius of 2 diameters. Bars which cross or are connected shall
be securely wired together with 16 s.w.g. soft iron tying wire.

Reinforcement bar shall be cut using cold cropper or guillotine only. I

Fabric reinforcement where supplied in rolls shall be flattened out on a hard level surface before
laying. Fabric reinforcement shall be lapped a minimum of one complete mesh at all sides and two
complete meshes at the ends and the lapped portions securely wired t o g e ~ e r .Fabricreinforcement
shall b e B K No. 9 unless otherwise stated p the drawings.
 Tying wire shall be either 1.6mm diameter black annealed mild steel wire or any other type to the
approval of the Superintendent.

Spacers to be used shall be to the approval of the Superintendent. They shall be of such materials
, and designs as will be durable not leading to corrosion of reinforcement and not causing spalling of
the concrete cover.

Spacer blocks made from cement, sand and small aggregate shall match the mix proportions of the
surrounding concrete so far as is practicable with a view to being compatible in strength, durability
and appearance.

Care shall be taken to prevent the reinforcement from being contaminated or becoming excessively
rusty. Reinforcement shall be stored in proper racks, clear of the ground and well supported.
.
All reinforcement shall be cut and bent to the length and shape shown on the drawings and placed in
the required-positions.
- - - -. U

~einforcementshall be in the forms so as to be firmly held in position and shall be to the

approval of the Superintendent. When placing the reinforcement including links or stir ups will not
be less than 25mm in case of beams, lintels, columns, stairs and the like; and not less than 20mm in
case of slabs; and not less than 50mm in the case.of foundations and foundations walls, unless
otherwise shown on the drawings.

Reinforcement which is left temporarily projecting from the concrete at construction or other joints
shall not be bent out of position without the approval of the Superintendent.

During placing of concrete, a responsible steel fixer shall remain in attendance to perform any
necessary adjustments or corrections to the reinforcement.

All reinforcements shall be inspected and approved by the Superintendent before concrete is placed.
Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility. I

Generally, the reinforcement shall comply accurately with the drawings as regards diameters, lengths,
placing and- cover.
-
~einforcimentshall he stored on site in suck a manner so as to provide easy identification of the
separate bars, to avoid distortion and to prevent contamination and corrosion.
 l;(UWAIT OIL COMPANY N S C I

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BVIJ4DING WORKS

GENERAT. SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION I11

BRICKWORK

PAGE NO,

1 . .,

3.2 CEMENT
3.3. SAND
LIME
WATER
CEMENT AND SAND BLOCKS
TESTING OF BLOCKS
SAND LIME BRICKS
CEMENT MORTAR
DAMP PROOF COURSE
WORKMANSHIP OF BLOCKWORK
WORKMANSHIP OF BRICKWORK -
- -
CAVITY WALLS
EXTERNAL FACINGS AND POINTING TO WALLS
EXPANSION JOINTS
WEDGE AND PIN UP
PUTLOG HOLES
ROUGH AND FAIR CUTTING
BED CILLS
BED AND POINT FRAMES
 PAGE NO.
3.21 SUNDRIES 8
I 3.22 COVERING UP OR PROTECTING FACE .BRICKWORK
3.23 CLEANING OF BRICKWORK
3.24 GLASS BRICKS
3. BRICKWORK

Materials

All materials supplies shall be subject to the prior approval of the

Superintendent, and shall conform with the specitication and descriptions
contained herein.

Testing shall be in accordance with the relevant clauses of these specifications

and the cost of all testing shall be borne by the contractor unless otherwise
stated.

Cement

Cement shall be as clause no. 2.1 under concretor section. -

Sand shall be clean, sharp and coarse grained to B.S. 882 latest editions, or
A.S.T.M. C144, chemically-~nd~ructurallystable and meihanically washed
and screened free from all impurities and shall comply with the following
table of grindings. Under no circumstances shall sea shore sand he used.

TABLE 1 FINE AGGREGATE

B.S. 410 Percentage by Weight Passing B.S. Sieve

Test Sieve
Grading

- Micron
25 600
52 300
100 150

Lime shall be either:

a. Imported hydrated lime complying with class B of BS 890 latest ditioh, or

types of ASTM C207, or
 h. Kuwait quicklime, obtained from the National Industries Cu.. Sand - Lime
Brick Plant shall he co~npletelyhydrated by the contractor in accordance with
the following procedure and shall be approved hy the Superintendent before
being taken into use;

I. FIvdrat ion of small want ities

The quicklime should be placed into a drum or barrel containing at

least twice as much water, by weight, as a quicklime. This mixture
should be stirred thoroughly and then left to slake for not less than
24 hours when it will become a saturated hydrate of lime (known as .,
lime putty) with free water on top. The hydrate may be stored with
a free water covering for a few days depending upon the prevailing -.
climatic conditions.

ii.
..
R~drationof l a r g u u m l m
d

-- ..
- - The quicklime should be placed in10 a diumbr barxd.caaiaiaiag,ar ,. . 4

least twice as much water, by weight, as a quicklime. This mixer

should be stirred thoroughly and then left to slake for not less than
one hour. After this time, the resultant hydrate should be passed
through a sieve into a storage $t where it should remain with free on
the top for at least 24 hours before use.

The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for complying with requirements

of the National Industries Co. in respect of the purchase and supply of lime.

3.5 Water

Water shall he as specified in section 2.1.4 under Concretitor.

3.6 Cement and Sand Blocks

3.6.1 Cement and sand ( 1 5 ) blocks shall be manufactured on site, press moulded
- in approved vibrating pressure machines. -
3.6.2 The blocks shall be hard, souniand square with well defined edges free from
any cracks flaws or other defects and shall be 20cm high unless otherwise
approved by the Superintendent.
 3.6.3 Immediately after moulding, the bricks shall be placed on clean, level non-
absorbent pallet until inspected and approved by the Superintendent.

3.6.4 The blocks shall be cured by being kept thoroughly wet by means of fresh
water applied with sprinklers or other approved means for at least three days
1
or such other period as the Superintendent shall determine. Blocks shall be
stacked in honeycomb fashion after curing, and shall be kept a further twenty
four days before moving for use. Solid stacking shall not be permitted.

3.7 Testing of Blocks

A sample of twelve blocks, selected at random, shall have an average compressive

*
strength for the gross area of the blocks of 70kglsq cm or as specified on the
drawings. Should the sample not meet these requirements, then the whole batch from
which the sample was selected shall be rejected.

3.8.1 The bricks shall be class A sand lime bricks obtained from the National
Industries Co..
. ,
3.8.2 The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the following:

I. Satisfying himself as to the usability of the bricks before taking

delivery at the Plant.

ii. Complying with the requirements of the National Industries Co., in

respect of the purchase and supply of bricks.

3.8.3 The bricks shall be mechanically loaded at the plant.

!
3.8.4 Any increase or decrease in the cost of the bricks occurring in the duration
of the Contract shall be borne by the Contractor. No adjustment of rates
shall be made for such tluctuations.
- -
3.8.5 The bricks shall be good, hard, sound and square with-well defined edges,
even and uniform in colour and free from any cracks, tlaws or other defects.
 3.8.6 The bricks shall be protected from rain by covering with tarpaulins. Any
bricks which, in the opinion of the Superintendent become saturated, shall be
allowed to dry out before use.

1
3.9 Cement Mortar

3.9.1 Cement mortar for use with block work shall be cement and sand (1:4) mix.

3.9.2 Gauged mortar for use with sandlime brickwork shall be in strict accordance
with the following table:

Nominal Cement Sand Imported Lime Kuwait Lim

Kgs Cu. M (Dry Hydrate) (Saturated)
Kgs M.
1:4 imported
lime with 10% - ' . 145- -.. --. 1 A0 -. 161 . --
cement (1:10:2%)
1:3 Kuwait
lime with 10% 154 1.00 . --- 0.333
cement 1:9:3

3.9.3 Mixing shall be as Clause No. 2.28 under concretor section.

3.9.4 Where a plasticiser is added to the mortar it shall be of an approved

manufacturer and the following mixes shall be used:

i. -
Building mortar cementhand (1:4) mix.
.11.. Mortar pointing - cementlsand (1:3) mix. !

3.9.5 All mortar shall be used before the initial set commences and shall not be
- remixed after the initial set has taken place.

3.10 - Damn Proof Course ...

Damp proof course shall be a single layer of five ply tropical quality bitumenized
fibre felt damp proof course weighing not less than 3.25kglsq meter complying with
BS 743; latest edition, type 5B. The damp proof course shall be well lapped at
corners and joints and bedded in hot bitumen and pointed both sides in cement mortar
(1:4). Damp proof courses shall be provided even if not indicated on drawings.
3.11 Workmanshin of Blockwork

3.11.1 Blockwalls 25cm thick and under shall be built in stretcher bond. All other
thicknesses of blockwork shall be in tlemish hond.

3.1 1.2 Blockwork shall be built plumb and true to line and level to the following
tolerances:

Up to and including 5M +_ lOmm

Over 5M up to and including 10M f 15mm

Over 10M f20mm

-
- . Height - --- -- - .

Up to and including 3M +5mm

Over 3M up to & including 6M . + 15mm

Over 6M f20mm

3.11.3 All blockwork shall be set out and built to the dimensions shown on the
drawings. The blocks shall he laid and jointed in cement mortar with
perfectly level horizontal joints and walls plumhd perpendicular. Each
course shall he well fused up with mortar throughout its full length and width
and joints between courses lOmm thick. The courses shall be set out in
accordance with the detail drawings. Where the hlockwork is to be plastered,
horizontal joints shall be raked out lOmm deep to form a key. I

3.1 1.4 The blockwork shall be carried up evenly and at regular stages and no one
part shall be raised more than one metre above any other part at any time.
- Blockwork which is left at different levels shall be raked back.

3.11.5 Walls should be properlj..&xl by sprinkling water for a period of not less
than 3 days after completion of laying of the courses.
 3.11.6 Where block walls are to be left exposed to form a finished surface, they
shall be built with blocks specially selected to ensure uniformity in size,
shape and appearance having clean, sharp arises and free from surface
blemishes.

! 3.12 Workmanship of Brickwork

3.12.1 Brickwalls 1lcm thick and under shall be built in stretcher bond. All other
thicknesses of brickworks shall be in flemish bond. The 1 lcm thickness of
bricks shall be the thickness of wall unless otherwise specified.

3.12.2 All brickwork shall be set out and built to the dimensions shown on the
drawings. The bricks shall be laid and jointed in gauged mortar with .
perfectly level and horizontal joints and all walls plumbed perpendicular.
Each course shall be well flushed up with mortar and with joints between
- courses 13mm thick. The courses shall he set out in accordance with the
- - .detail drawings. Where the brickwork is to .be- plastered,
. horizontal joints
shali be raked out lOmm deep to form a key. The j o i n t s ' i ~ f a c dbrickwork
shall be raked out lOmm deep as the work proceeds for pointing.

3.12.3 The Brickwork shall be carried up evenly and at regular stages and no one
part shall be raised more than one metre above any other part at any time.
Brickwork which is left at different levels shall be raked back.

3.12.4 Walls shall be properly cured by sprinkling water for a period of not less
than 3 days after completion of laying of the courses.

3.13.1 Generally, all external walls to buildings shall be built with cavity between
the inner and outer skins. The skins shall be securely tied together with
suitable butterfly twist type ties of No. 10 S.W.G. mild steel wire-zinc coatd
to comply with B.S. 1243 latest edition, spaced 900mm apart horizontally and
400mm apart vertically staggered. In cavity walls both thicknesses shall he
- carried up together and in no case shall one thickness-be carried up more
than about 40cm in advance of the other.
 Additional ties shall he provided at reveals, quoins and openings.

The cavity shall be kept clear of extruded mortar and mortar droppings by
means approved by the Superintendent and shall be left clean at completion.

The brick skin of the cavities wall shall be returned across the cavity at all
reveals to jambs of openings. A vertical damp proof course shall be provided
between the brick return and the face of the block inner skin.

At vertical or horizontal abutments of brick wall with concrete ties shall be ,

galvanised metal lath minimum 75mm wide shot fired to concrete one end .
and block work other end Q minimum 1250mm centres or as shown on the
drawings. .
Sample panels of sand-lime facing walling equal to ten square metres in area
are to be built using the materials, bond and jointing required in the
permaneht'work for .the,S,upqrintendent's approval. The accepted sample
shall be retained during construction as a standard for the permanent work.

External Facing and Pointing to Walk. .

The external walls shall be faced with approved, selected sandlime bricks. All
headers shall be whole bricks. The walls shall be pointed on completion with a
struck weather joint horizontally and flush pointed vertically in cement and sand (1:3)
mortar tinted to the approval of the Superintendent.

Expansion Joints

Expansion joints between concrete and brickwork in positions shown on the drawings
are to be 20mm thick and are to be filled with FLEXCELL bitumen impregnated
fibre board filler. Vertical joints are rebated within the thickness of the wall. 1
 Wedee and Pin up

The Contractor shall leave temporarily open joints immediately under structural
members. These open joints shall be left to allow the structural members to take up
their full deflection and the open joints shall be wedged and pinned up after the
structural members have been fully loaded and before the'completion of the works.

Putloe Holes

Putlog holes shall be stopped up and finished to match the mortar and bricks.

Roueh and Fair Cutting

.
The Contractor shall execute all necessary rough and fair cutting where required.

l&%Ulls
- .,
-.-Cill'sshall bt: bedded in cement mortar and poiiitd. -.

Bed and Point Frame$

Frames shall be bedded solid in cement mortar and exposed edges flush pointed with
an approved mastic. Fixing cramps shall be built-in as the work proceeds.

The Contractor shall execute and make good all necessary chases, holes mortices,
rebates and the like, built in lintels, cills, timbers, etc., as required and perform all
necessary attendance upon other trades and make good on completion.

Coverine UD or Protectinn Face Brickwork

The Contractor shall be responsible for covering up and protecting the face brickwork
during the progress of the work.
- -
-- cleaninn of Brickwork

the Contractor shall carefully clean down the whole of the face brickwork at
completion, make good and point up and leave all perfect.
3.24 Glass Bricks

Glass bricks will be on a position as shown on the drawings. The type to be used
will be P.B. 32 size 200 x 200 x 100mm,or 200 x 200 x 200mm or as shown on the
drawings.

Every course is to be reinforced with expanded metal and where these walls are
flanked by brickwork, the expanded metal strips will be carried into the brickwork.
The mortar to be used is to be 1 (one) part white cement 1 (one) part hydrated lime
and 4 (four) parts sand by volume. The mix must be fairly dry and fatty, and the.
sand must be clean and free from gravel and silt. The pointing is to be carried out '
by making the joint back slightly as the work proceeds. -
Clearance joints of 12.7mm are to be provided at all panels in the top and sides.
These are to be filled with fibre glass and pointed with a non-hardening compound.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERTNG AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERA1 SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 1V

PRAINfiE AND SEWAGE

4. GENERAL
4.1 MATERIALS
4.2. WORKMANSHIP
4.3 SEPTIC TANKS
4.4 SOAKAWAYS
4.5 WORKMANSHIP EXECUTION
4.6 CLEAN DRAINS
4.7 TESTING
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION IV

DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE

4. GENERAL .
All sewage drainage works shall comply fully with all By-Laws which may be
enforced and issued by the Drainage Division of Ministry of Public Works or
British Standad Code of Practice CP 301.
.. .: -.. _-7 . s
.

4.1.1 Cement, Sand, Crushed aggregate and water are to be as

specified for "CONCRETOR".

4.1.2 Blocks or brickworks in manholes are to be as specified for

"Brickwork" in Section 111 of this Specification.

4.1.3 Salt glazed spigoted stoneware pipes, bends junctions, gullies

and fittings shall comply with the requirements of BS 65 latest
edition and BS 540 latest edition (Clay drain and sewer pipes)
and BS 539 (Dimensions of drain fittings) for British Standar?
pipes untested quality. The glazed ware shall be true to size,
sound, well glazed impervious, free from fire cracks or other
visible defects and give a-.sharp
- - clear note when struck with a
- light hammer. -
4.1.4 Cast iron heavy dutytype manhole covers with frames shall be
in accordance with BS 497 and Kuwait Foundry Production.
Manhole covers and frames shall be coated with a tar on
bitumen based composition. The coating shall be smooth and
tenacious, and shall not flow or chip when exposed to
temperatures of between 32°F and 145°F.

4.1.5 Pitch impregnated Fibre Pipes & Fittings shall comply with the
requirements of BS 2760 Part 1 (Pitch impregnated fibre pipes
and fittings for-drainage below and above ground (Fittings).
Pipe fittings shall be made from pitch asbestos fibre or
polypropylene.
4.1.6 Balloon Gratings:

All ventilating stacks shall be fitted with galvanized wire

balloon gratings to suit the diameter of the stack, complying
with B.S. 416 fittings reference no. 22. '

4.1.7 Pipes and Fittings:

4.1.7.1 Asbestos cement pipes and "Magnani" joints be ,

obtained from Kuwait Asbestos Industries Ltd.,

S.A.K. and shall comply with I.S.O. R160
Class 18 in respect of basic materials and
chemical test. Asbestos cement drain pipes shall
withstand a pressure test of.1.8 meter head of
.water without showing any leakage, sweating or
.- --- "' --WCfdefects of any kind.

4.1 .7.2 Cast iron pipes and fittings shall be in

accordance with the followings:

Under Ground

I. Pipes as class 'B' of BS No. 78 latest

edition, with spigot and socket joints and
with fittings of the same quality.

ii. Pipes as class 'B' of BS No. 121 1 latest

edition, with spigot and socket joints q d
with fittings complying with B.S. No. 78
latest edition.
-- ,-.-. .--
Above Ground -
-
p i g s (sand cast) as medium grade of B.S. No.
416 latest edition, with spigot and socket joints
and fittings of the same quality.

4.1.7.3 All cast iron pipes and fittings shall be coated

internally and externally with a composition of
coaltar resin and linseed oil heated to 165°C by
total immersion in a clean dry rustless condition.
The coating shall be smooth and tenacious and
shall not flow at a temperature of 78°C nor chip
or scale at 0°C.
 4.2.1 Excavation

The excavation work for the drainage and sewage system shall confirm
to the requirements in Section 1 "Excavator" of this specification,
except that no trench shall be backfilled until the drain run therein has
been tested and passed.

4.2.2 Beddings

Concrete for foundations under drains, traps, gullies.. .etc., shall be of .

mix 1:3:6 and hunching and covers to manholes shall be of mix 1:3:6
and hunching and covers to manholes shall be of mix 1:2:4 as .
specified under "Concretor" .

-- All ground floor and outside drainage shall be laid on 150mm thick
- -- --I - b f concrete of the width shown on the drawings or described in the - - ---.'

technical specifications, but in no case shall the width be less than

300mm plus diameter of pipes.

When pipes cover is 90cm or less vitrified clay pipes shall be bedded
on and surrounded with 150mmm of concrete (1:3:6). When pipes
pass under roads and cover is 120cm or less cast iron pipes shall be
bedded on and surrounded with ISOmm of concrete (1:3:6). Where
cover exceeds 90cm under roads, the pipes shall be bedded on a
granular bedding as directed by the Superintended.

4.2.3 hving and Jointing of Salt Glazed Ware Drains

Every line of drains shall be accurately laid and true to line ahd
gradients from point to point. Every main drain shall be true to line
from manhole and any change in direction shall take place inside the
- manhole by the use of curved mimhanntls~Changein the diameters
-- - of drains shall be made in-manholes by the uie of tapered channels,
straight or curved, as nessary.
 Joints in salt glazed stoneware pipes are to be carefully made by
pressing turns of tarred yarn into the socket to ensure concentricity.
The socket is then to be completely filled with mortar (1 part cement,
2 parts sand and 2% approved integral water proofer and a fillet
formed round the joint with trowel forming an angle of 45°C with
barrel of the pipe.

Mortar for jointing must be mixed only as wanted for immediate use.
Nor mortar shall be beaten up and used after it has begun to set. After
the joint is made any extraneous materials shall be removed from the
inside of the joint with a suitable scraper.
.
4.2.4 b v i n e and J
.o .~ n t i w
Impreenated Fibre,P i ~ e s

- - Prior to laying the pipes alignment pegs shall be driven in line down
. the lengthbf-.tl?t-run& 4.5M intervals, offset from the center of the
line by half the external diameter of the pipes to be laid. The pipe
shall be laid against these pegs. A back-stop of wedge shaped timber
shall be used at the start of the line and firmly fixed in position.

The first pipe with coupling attached to both ends shall be placed
against the back step. A further pipe with a coupling @ the outer end
only is then entered into the coupling of the first pipe. A dolly
consisting of a piece of timber 300mm x 300 x 20mm shall be placed
in front of the third coupling and the joint driven home. As laying
continues a peg shall be driven next to the pipe opposite each
alignment peg described above to retain the pipes position.

4.2.5 Gullies and Traps 1

4.2.5.1 Cast iron traps and gullies generally shall be built up

- -. --fittiwwithI.1-mmponents complying with B.S. 1130
- latest edition, -and consisting of trap, all necessary
23mm diameter raising pieces with the necessary inlet
branches, and grating or sealing plate as required.

4.2.5.2 Gulf traps shall be set in and surrounded with concrete

mix (1:3:6) with frame and solid cast iron sealing plate
finished surface level.
 All traps and gullies shall be properly jointed together
with caulked lead joints as described under clause
"Plumbing", in this Specifications.

4.2.6 Manholes

4.2.6.1 Manholes shall be constructed in the positions and to

the dimensions shown on the drawings or as directed by
Superintendent. Excavation, back filling and
compaction including preparation of bottoms and .
supports sides, etc., shall be in accordance with the
requirement of British Code of Practice CP 301. Side
walls shall be fair face.

Manholes shall be coated externally with 3 layers of

INERTOL THICK - L and coated internally with 3 -
layers of D-FLUAT-R or equal and approved coating
paint. Blinding top shall receive 3 layers of INERTOL
- THICK L.
Heavy duty manhole covers shall be 600mm diameter
with ventilating holes set in cast iron frame size 737mm
x 737mm x 140mm weighing approximately 153kg and
including steel dirt collecting bucket, gauge 18,597mrn
diameter and 254mm deep. Cover shall be fixed in
position with a mix of grease and sand.

Medium Duty Manhole covers shall be similar to heavy

duty covers but weighing approximately 138 Kgs. \

Grill covers for catch basins, shall be as specified on

the drawings, and shall be ~ . a s tironset in cast iron
-
frame.
...
4.3 SEPTIC TANKS

Septic tanks shall be constructed true to details shown on drawings,

complete with concrete ramps, sloping beds, reinforced concrete walls,
cover slabs, openings, baffles, inlets and outlets, all as shown and
depths of septic tanks shall be indicated on the drawings.

Facilities shall be provided for the Superintendent Representative to

check the invert levels of both inlet and outlet pipes and also the
reinforced concrete baffle beams prior to casting.

Formwork to walls internally, bases and sides of baffles and to soffits .

of cover slabs shall be wrought and top surfaces shall be trowelled
smooth with steel float.

4.4.1 Soakaways shall be of cement sand blocks to shapes and sizes

shown on the drawings, and the depths of soakaways shall be
as shown on the drawings.' Mix to be used for casting of
blocks shall be 1:3 and moulds shall be to Superintendent
approval. 30% of all blocks shall be perforated as shown on
the drawings.

4.4.2 Circular ring beams for soakaways pits and cover slab to same
shall be of reinforced concrete with 1:2:4 mix and formwork
to be used for soffits of cover slabs shall be wrought. Top of
cover slabs shall be trowelled smooth.
I
4.5 WORKMANSHIP EXECUTION

: -All-w&s-Ce- septic. tanks and soakaways shall be executed in an

-- - efficient and workmanlike manner and the respeche' trades concerned
in the constructions are to refer to their work specified elsewhere in
the specification clauses.

4.6 CLEAN DRAINS

The Contractor shall remove all silt and foreign matter from drains and
manholes and leave the whole system in a clean, workable condition
approved by Superintendent.
 4.7 TESTING

All drains, sewers and manholes shall be tested with water under a
minimum of 1.8 meter head and not more than 2.4 meter @ the
highest point of the section under test. All soil and vent pipes shall be
tested with smoke. All pipes shall be tested for water - tightness up
to the level of the rendering only by filling with water.

Drains shall be tested not less than 48 hours after laying and jointing
but before the concrete casting (where required) and the filling-in are .
done. Connection shall be fixed temporarily to obtain the requisite
head for the test. .
Any leaking joints or defective pipes shall be cut out and replaced and
-- the test .re-applied
. until satisfactory results are obtained.
-.. - -- - -
Leaks in manholes sides shall be stopped by cutting out rendering,
making good, repointing or rendering external faces.

The contractor shall provide all labour and apparatus for carrying out
the tests. In case of any default or leakage the contractor is to repair
this at his own expense as directed by the Superintendent, and the test
repeated until approved by the Superintendent in writing.

At completion of the works and before handing over to the company,

the entire system shall be tested to the complete satisfaction of the
Superintendent.

The Contractor shall ensure that no disturbance of the drains occhrs

after they have satisfactorily passed the test and approved by the
Superintendent.
-* - -
- .--. -
- .---
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION V

PLASTERER

INDEX
PAGENO. ,

5.0 GENERAL
5.1 MATERIALS
5.1.1 PORTLAND CEMENT
- 5 . i ~-SAND- -.
5.1.3 WATER
5.1.4 HYDRATED LIME
5.1.5 GYPSUM
5.1.6 METAL LATH
5.1.7 CORNER LATH
5.1.8 STRIP LATH
5.1.9 TIE WIRES
5.1.10 WIRE CLIPS

5.1.12 METAL EDGE BEADING

5.1,13 CONTROL POINTMETAL BEADS
5.2 WORKMANSHIP ...

5.2.1 MIXING
5.2.2 PREPARATION
5.3 CLASSES OF PLASTER WORK
5.3.1 CLASS "A" PLASTER
5.3.2 CLASS "B" PLASTER
5.3.3 ROUGH CAST
5.3.4 PEBBLE DASHING
5.3.5 MACHINE APPLIED TEXTURE FINISHES
 PAGE NO.

5.4 APPLICATION
5.4.1 UNDERCOAT
5.4.2 FINISH COAT
5.4.3 CURING
5.5 METAL LATH APPLICATION
5.5.1 LATHING TO GENERAL AREAS
5.5.2 CORNER LATH
5.5.3 STRIP LATH
. . .- 5 5 4 METAL CORNER BEADS AND METAL EDGE BEADS 9 .i
. --. - -- --
5 3.5 METAL'CONTROL JOINTS 9 .(

5.6 SUNDRIES 9
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION V

Adequate ventilation shall be maintained continuously (24 hours a day),

commencing one week before and continuing during and after plastering until
-
plaster
-
is properly cured and dried to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

Portland cement shall tR as specified under Section No. 11

"CONCRETOR" in this Specification.

Sand shall be as specified under Section 11 "CONCRETOR" in

this Specification or as ASTM C-144. The sand shall be sieved
and graded in accordance with the following tables of gradings.
I

Table 5.1.2.A

- SIZES FOR PTASTERING- -

1

B.S. SIEVE APPROX.MM . UNDERCOAT FINISH LAYER

ANALYSIS
7 2.4 95 - 100 100
14 1.2 80 - 95 95- 100
25 0.6 30 - 55 30 - 85
52 0.3 5 - 50 5 - 50
100 0.15 0 - 10 0 - 10
 TABLE 5.1.2B

Sieve Size No. % Pass each sieve

4 -100
8 100
16 60 - 90
30 35 - 75
50 10 - 30

5.1.3 Water

-- Sh$l.be as specified in Section 2 - Concretor in this Specification.

. - -- m- -
5.1.4 Hvdrated Lime

Shall be properly slaked lime complying with B.S. 890 of Class A or

B latest edition, or types of ASTM C-207.

Shall be retarded semi-hydrate gypsum plaster conforming with the

requirements of B.S. 1191 (Gypsum Building Plasters (Part 1)
Class B.

5.1.6 Metal Lath

I
Shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 1369 latest edition (Metal
lathing for plastering) and shall be expanded metal made from copper
- alloy st&l sheets protected with rust inhibiting paint for interior work
and galvanized for exterior work. The lath shall weigh at least
l.Mkglm.q. and shall be self-fimng diamond mesh, standard
diamond mesh, or 19mm high rib weighing at least 2.9kglm.q.

5.1.7 Comer

Shall be diamond mesh metal lath as specified above for metal lath
bent to form two 75mm wide wings.

Shall be diamond mesh metal lath, as specified above for metal

lath and not less than 150mm wide.
 Tie Wires

Shall be galvanized mild steel of 18 U .S Std . gauge (1.1 6 1mm)

for attaching metal lath to supports and far lacing of metal lath
and of 16 U.S. Std. gauge (1.587mm) for attaching metal
firring to main runners.

Wire C l i a

Shall be galvanized copper bearing steel, 18 U.S. Standard

gauge (4.115mm), hairpin clips for attaching metal lath to .
supports.

Metal A n ~ l eBeading
-- - . - -.
mi
shall be suitable for two or three coatssworksas~sp.oCified, 1
shall be of 26 U.S. Standard, gauge (455mm), galvanized steel
for interior work, zinc for exterior work, with 4.8mm bead
maximum and expanded metal wings not less than 63mm wide.

Metal Edge Beading

Shall be 24 U.S. gauge (.607mm), galvanized steel for interior

work, zinc for exterior work with square edge having 4.8mm
minimum return and expanded metal wing not less than 75mm
wide, depth to suit plaster thickness.

5.1.13 Control Joint Metal Beads I

Shall be for~nedwith two metal edge beads as specified above

- set back-to-back. - - -- -- - -
5.2 WORKMANSHIP

5.2.1 Mixing

All material shall be measured by volume by means of

approved gauge boxes on a boarded platform and the
ingredients shall be turned over twice dry and twice while
water is added through a hose. Alternatively, mixing may be
by means of an approved mechanical batch mixer. The mixer
I
shall be thoroughly cleaned and all set or hardened materials
removed prior to loading with each new batch of material.
 Each batch shall be mixed separately and partially set materials shall
not be re-tampered or used.

5.2.2 Preparation

5.2.2.1 Solid Background

Plastering backgrounds shall be compatible for a proper

bond. Joints of brick and block walls shall be hacked
to a depth of 8mm over not less than one third of the.
area to form a key for plaster. The surfaces shall be
.
'

well brushed down and splattered with a cementfsand

(1:3) applied with a Tyrolean machine prior to
plastering.

Metal lathing shall be fixed with the longway of the

mesh across the supports. Lathing with stiffening ribs
shall be fixed with .ribs upper-most towards and across
the supports on greater than 40mm apart the gauge of
the metal must be increased from 28 B.G. to give
sufficient stiffening.

Lathing fixed to timber supports shall be fixed by

galvanised nails, or staples at IOOmm centres. End laps
shall not be less than 25mm when occumng on the
support and not less than 50mm when occumng
between supports. The sheets of lathing shall be
secured together at the laps with 18swg (1.22mm)
galvanized tying wire. Side laps shall not be less than
- .. Zmm-and tied together with similar wire at 41cm
centres. -
The lathing shall be as taut as possible by clipping the
sheet in the Centre and working towards each end.

After erection all cut, edges and damaged metal lathing

clips, or nails heads shall be given a protective coat of
bitumen paint.
 5.3 CLASSES OF PLASTER WORK

5.3.1 Class 'A' Plaster

The proportions shall be in accordance with the following

mixing table:

--
- ' class "A" plaster shall be a retarded lime -hydrate-gy?sum
plaster and used internally for walls and ceilings on solid or
metal lathing backgrounds.

The mix shall be applied .in two coats to solid backgrounds.

The first coat shall be well scratched to form a key for the
finishing coat. When the first coat has thoroughly dried the
finishing coat shall be applied after dampening the base coat by
brushing or spraying with water taking care to avoid excessive
water. Finish coat shall be approximately 3mm thick, well
trowelled with a steel trowel and filled out to a true, even
surface. The finish shall then be allowed to dry a few minutes
before well trowelled with a steel trowel and water to produce
a hard, smooth finish. I

5.3.2 Class "B" Plaster

--
- a

The proportions st@ be in accordance with the following

mixing table: .-:

Type Coats
- '1
B 2 1 3 0.25 the 1 3
amount
of the
cement
by
volume

Class "B" Plaster shall be a cement and sand mix and used
internally for walls on solid or metal lathing backgrounds and
externally for walls and soffits on solid backgrounds. The first .
coat shall be well scratched to form a key for the second coat.
When the first coat has thoroughly dried the finishing coat may .
be applied after dampening the first coat by brushing or
spraying with water taking care to avoid excessive water.
-- Finish coat shall be approximately 3mm thick, well trowelled
- with a steel trowel -and filled.oou~toa true, even surface. The
hnish shall be allowed to dry a few minutes before well
trowelled with a steel trowel and water to produce a hard,
smooth finish.

5.3.3 Rough Cast

A rough cast finish shall be applied to Class "B"backing. The

wet mix shall be composed of 1 part cement to 3 parts sand
with a quantity of 9.5-6.4mm aggregate added, and thrown out
the backing and left in a rough condition after levelling out.

5.3.4 Pebble Dashing

!
Pebble or dry dash finish shall be applied to a Class "B"
backing, having a finishing coat thickness 9.5mm. Well
- washed and drained %5d2.7mm aggregate shall be thrown on
to the finishing coat while it is still plaitic:
...
To ensure a good bond between the dashing and the mortar the
aggregate may be lightly tapped into the mortar with a wood
float or the flat of a trowel.

5.3.5 Machine A ~ ~ l i eTextured

d Finishes

All adjacent surfaces which might be stained or damaged shall

first be marked and the precise method of application shall
depend on the machine used. Proprietary mixes such' as
Tyrolean shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
5.4 APPLICATION

5.4.1 Undercoat

After moistening the surface to receive plastering to obtain uniform

suction then apply undercoat approximately 9mm thick unless
otherwise specified or shown on drawings with sufficient force to form
a good key and form a good bond and scratch the surface vertically
and horizontally. Keep undercoat moist with fog spray of water until
undercoat has set enough to carry weight of itself.

5.4.2 Finish Coat

Dampen undercoat evenly with fog spray just before finish coat
application and float finish coat 3mm thick minimum to a uniform sand
-
.-
- texture or steel trowel to a smooth, hard finish:. W2tg.qure.finish coat .,
stadng 1 2 hours after completion of application by fog spraying
lightly and then continue fog spraying for 36 hours. Thereafter,
protect against rapid drying until thoroughly cured.

5.4.3 Curing

Each full coat of plaster shall be properly cured with fresh sweet water
and kept damp by spraying with water for three days and then allowed
to completely dry out before the application of the subsequent coat.

Special care shall be taken to ensure that each layer of the work is
protected from hot sun and drying winds to prevent too rapid dry out.
I
5.5 METAL LATH APPLICATION

5.5.1
- h t h i n g to General Areas
-- - . --

Metal lath shall only be fixe'd after all services which are to be covered
by lathing have been installed and approved by Superintendent.

The Lath shall be applied to form true surfaces, without sags or

buckles, and with long dimension and ribs at right angles to the
supports.
 Diamond mesh and self-firring lathe shall be lapped 13mm at sides
25mm at ends. Rib lath shall be lapped by nesting ribs or selvage at
sides and 25mm at ends. Ends shall lap over supports and shall be
staggered.

Sides laps shall be tied to supports and at further intervals of 150mm

maximum, with 3 twists of the wire.

Self laps shall be tied to supports and at further intervals of 150mm

maximum with 4 twists of tie wire.

Self-fining lath shall be nailed at 150mm centres each way, using .

38mm maximum with 3 twists of tie wire.

- - Diamond mesh and self-firring lath shall be bent into internal comers
-.- - and lapped 150mm onto adwinglath. Alternatively, lath may be butt
jointed in internal comers and comer applied "over-abwtting9attrs.

20mm rib lath shall be butt jointed at intervals corners and comer lath
applied over abutting laths.

5.5.2 Comer Lath

The Contractor shall fix comer lath at all interval comers of surfaces
to be plastered, except as permitted otherwise above. The comer lath
shall be secured along with edges only at 3001nm maximum centres
with galvanized masonry nails.

The Contractor shall fix 150mm wide strip lath over cracks in masonry
- and concrete walls, and over-joirta~etwee~dissimilar backing surfaces
- - which are to be plastered- The Contractor sfiall'fix 300 x 600mm.
Strip lath set diagonally at 45 degrees. The Contractor shall secure
strip lath along outer edges only at 300mm maximum centres with
galvanized masonry nails.
 5.5.4 Metal Comer Beads and Metal Edge Beads

Vertical members shall be set plumb and horizontal members level to

form true arises and neat mitres. The longest lengths practical shall
be used so as to minimize joints between members and beads shall be
skimmed and wedged as necessary to provide proper grounds for
plaster finish. Beads shall be secured to masonry or concrete with
galvanized masonry nails at 300mm maximum centres and at edges.
Comer beads shall be provided at all external plater comers and edge
beads where plaster terminates or abuts dissimilar surfaces (except at
door frames).

5.5.5 Metal Control Join&

Control joint beads shall be secured to masonry or concrete as

-- - specified above for 'Corner Beads". Control joints in plaster shall
align with back-up joints in . sub-suifaceLw h k possibie and in
accordance with locations indicated on the drawings. If not indicated
on the drawings, they shall be fixed at exact locations determined by
the Superintendent but in no case sat centres greater than 30M.

5.6 SUMDRIES

Chases less than 300mm wide in plastered masonry or concrete walls or

partitions shall be bridged with diamond mesh lath extending 150mm onto
both sides of adjacent masonry or concrete and nailed thereto at 150mm
centres with galvanized masonry nails.

Chases 300mm to 1200mm wide in plastered masonry or concrete walls pr

partitions shall be bridged with 19mm controlled channels at 300mm centres
extending lSOmm into both sides of chase and secured with galvanized hooked
- - - --- nails. Diamond mesh lath shall intervals with lath extended LXhrnheyond .
tach edge of chase onto adjacent masonry or concrete and nailed thereto at
f50mm to keep lath flat against surface of masonry or concrete.

The Contractor shall provide framing and cut and fit lath around openings and
penetrations, such as outlet boxes, piping conduits, ducts, fittings and the like
in or through all plaster work to accommodate the work of other trades.
5.7 COMPLETION AND PROTECTION

Contamination of concrete floors with gypsum plasters shall be avoided as far

as possible. Adequate protection shall be..given to existing work and fittings
which are liable to damage during not only in plastering areas but to the
approaches thereto by covering up with boards, dust sheets and the like.

Two coat plastering shall be brought to a fair line by fixing grounds and
linings to a true plumb line. The plastered finished surface shall not show any
deviation for more than 3mm from 1.8M straight edge placed against it.

The plaster, whether finished with a wood float or steel trowel, shall be free
from blemishes resulting from the failure to close in slight depressions during
working of the coat.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION VI

CARPENTER

PAGE NO.
-
6.0 INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTIC~N- . - ' -
6.1 MATERIALS
6.1.1 NOMENCLATURE OF TIMBER
6.1.2 TIMBER FOR TEMPORARY WORKS
6.1.3 FIBERBOARD
6.1.4 HARDBOARD
6.1.5 HARDWOOD
6.1.6 TEAKWOOD
6.1.7 PLYWOOD
6.1.8 BLOCKBOARD
6.1.9 PLASTIC SHEETING
-
- 6. I. 10 COMPOSITION - WARD
..-
6.1.11 FIXINGS
6.2 WORKMANSHIP
6.2.1 CARPENTER
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

I SECTION VI
CARPENTER

6.0 JNTRODT JCTION & DESCRIPTION

Carpenter's work shall include all structural and temporary timber work and 1

shall be carried out as shown on the drawings and in accordance with the
principles of good construction. All sizes shown on the drawings shall be
ficished
- sizes.
- -.. _-. - -
~ 1 timber=
1 shall be the best of its kind, perfectly dry, thoroughly well
seasoned and sawn die square. All timber shall be free from sap, splits,
shakes, soft pith, cracks, wavey edges, checks exceeding 300mm long, 1'Amm
wide or exceeding in depth one half of the timber thickness, knots exceeding
30mm mean diameter or exceeding one half of the width of the surface,
decayed, loose or dead knots or knot holes unless cut and plugged, pitch
pockets, decay and insect attack.

6.1 MATERIAL

6.1.1 Nomenclature of Timber

The nomenclature of commercial timbers is covered by the BS 881 and

589: latest edition, softwoods. Structural timber work shall be
executed in one of the following softwoods:
-. .-
Douglas~Fir
-
Long Leaf ~ i h e
European Red Wood

or other coniferous timber approved by Superintendent.

6.1.2 Timber for T ~ D o_ Works

~ ~ N

Temporary works shall be executed in timber chosen by the Contractor

and free from decay or insect attack. The Contractor shall remain
responsible for the safety and sufficiency of all temporary work. '
 6.1.3 Fiberboard

Fiberboard shall comply with BS 1142: latest edition (Insulating board type).

I 6.1.4 Hardboard

Hardboard shall comply with BS 2241 latest edition (Standard hardboard).

6.1.5 Hardwood

Hardwood carpentry shall be carried out using Ahmar, Faini, Zan, ~bulhaz
or Montaig or other hardwood approved by the Superintendent. .
--
-. Teak shill. be of good quality and-from Siam or Burma or equally approved. '
.:

Plywood shall comply with the reqliirements of BS 1455; Grade 1 (Plywood

manufactured from tropical hardwoods) and BS 3493 (Information about
plywood). Plywood adhesives shall be to BS 1203, WBP Grade. The
plywood shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer to the c o m t
thickness specified. The Contractor shall not be allowed to make up
thicknesses by glueing together sheets of thinner plywood.

6.1.7.1 Exterior Plvwood

Exterior plywood, shall be first grade bonding type WBP

(Weather and boil proof) of sn~oothly cut veneer finish,
reasonably matched for colour, free from knots, worm and
- -
- - filling or inlaying of ary-- -- ---
beetle holes, splits, decay glue stains,
- kind, or other-defects.
-
- ...
6.1.7.2 ]Interior Plvwood

Interior plywood shall be third grade bonding type MR

(Moisture resistant and moderately weather proof) and may
include wood defects'described for exterior quality which do
not impair the serviceability of the plywood and where the
plywood is hidden from view, or will receive a painted finish.
Plywood to be varnished or polished shall be first grade.
t
 6.1.8 Blockboard

Blockboard shall have a face and black veneer and be of a bonding

.type similar to that described above for plywood and comply with BS
3444 of WBR bonded quality.

6.1.9 Plastic Sheeting

Plastic sheeting shall be gloss surface standard grade "Formica"

laminated plastic of hot pressed resin-impregnated uredformal dehyde
paper sheets with Melamin skin. The sheeting shall be bonded to'
exterior grade plywood with all edges sealed against moisture .
penetration, all in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and recommendations. Plastic sheeting shall comply with

..
6.1.10 ComposltIon - Board

Composition-Board shall be board manufactured from either Flax or

Jute fibres or compressed wood shavings or equally approved, and
shall comply with BS 2604 in all other respects. The composition-
board, where used in doors, shall be of a density of 400kg per cubic
meter and where used for panelling with veneer finish, 600 kgs per
cubic metre. All composition-board shall comply with class 3 surface
of medium flame spread or better as defined in BS 476 Part 1.

6.1.11 Fixings

Screws shall comply with B.S. 1210 I

Nails shall comply with B.S. 1202
Steel nuts and bolts shall comply with B.S. 916
- Steel washers shall comply with B.S. 3410. -

6.2 WORKMANSHE ...-

Workmanship shall comply with B.S. 1186 Part 11. All architectural
woodwork shall be accurately set out, cut and framed at an early stage, but
shall not be glued or wedged until the building is ready to receive it. All
timber shall be treated with anti-termite solution, as described in Painter
section in this Specification, or one coat of Solignum or other equal and
approved wood preservative.
6.2.1 Caroenter

Timber unless described as "W.roughtWshall be left

from the saw" and be to the dimensions stated.

6.2.1.2 Jointing

All framing shall be jointed as specified, or as is most

appropriate in the circumstances. The joints shall be .
designed and constructed so that they will transmit the .
loads and resist the stresses to which they will be
subjected. The execution of such joining shall be to the
- - approval of the Superintendent unless otherwise stated.
-All $@its shall be secured with a suitable type and .,
sufficient number of nails.

6.2.1.3 Frames
Every post, plate, stud, beam, binder, joist, rail, rafter
and purlin, shall extend in one piece between its
supports or fixings, or shall otherwise be joined in an
approved manner to ensure the necessary structural
stability.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION VII

INDEX .
PAGE NO,

7,0 - G~$%ML- - 1
7.1 DIMENSIONS 1
7.2 EXPOSED SURFACES 1
7.3 NATURAL FINISH 1
7.4 SHRINKAGE AND TOLERANCE 1
7.5 WORKMANSHIP 2
7.6 SCRIBING 2
7.7 FINISHING 2
7.8 DOORS 3
7.9 WINDOWS AND SASHES 3 '
7.10 HATCHES AND SHUTTERS 3
- 3
.--.
7.1 f FLYSCREENS
7:12 JOINERY COMPONENTS-- 3
7.12.1 DOOR FRAMES AND LININGS 4
7.12.2 JOINERY FITI'INGS 4
7.12.3 ARCHITRAVES 4
7.12.4 SKIRTINGS 5
7.12.5 PLUGGING NAILS AND SCREWS 5
I .
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION VII

JOINER

Joiner's work shall include all finishing and non-structural timber work and .
shall be carried out in accordance with the particular Specification, the
principles of good joinery and to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

All wrought timber is to be sawn planed, drilled or otherwise worked

or machined to the correct sizes and shapes shown on the drawings or
specified. Unless otherwise stated the timber sizes shown on the
drawings are the "nominal" dimensions for "wrought" timber and an
allowance of 3mm shall be made for each "wrought" face.

7.2 EXPOSED SURFACES

All timber that is to be exposed in the finished surface of the joinery

work shall be "wrought on the exposed face, i.e., finished to a
smooth, even surfaces, free from all machine or other tools marks,
filled and sand papered before and if necessary, after fixings.

7.3 NATURAL FINISH

- 7

- - When natural finish or finish for staining, cleir polishing, varnishing

or other transparent treafhents are specified the timber in adjacent
piece shall be matched or uniform or symmetrical in colour and grain.

The arrangements jointing and fixing of all joinery work shall be such
that shrinkage in any part, and in any direction, shall not impair the
strength and appearance of the finished work and shall not cause
damage to continuous materials or structures.
I
 Reasonable tolerance shall be provided at all connections between
joining works and the building carcass so that any irregularities
settlements or other movements shall be adequately compensated.

7.5 WORKMANSHTP

The joiner shall perform all necessary morticing, tenoning, grooving,

matching, tonguing, housing, rebating and all other works necessary
for correct jointing.

Where joints are not specifically indicated they shall be the recognised
form of joints for each position. .
All glued joints shall be cross tongued or otherwise reinforced.

All joinery shall be cut and framed at any early stage but shall not -
'
-
finally assembled, glued or wedged until the building is ready to
receive it.

All joinery shall be properly friimed up and external joinery shall be

put together with a thick mixture of red or white lead and linseed oil
or with synthetic resin adhesive to B.S. 1204 WBP Grade.

All screws for fixing joinery shall be brass screws in accordance with
BS 1210: latest edition.

The use of nails for fixing any item of joinery shall not be permitted.
Springs may be used for glazing beads only.
I
SCRIBING

All joinery such skirtings, architraves, beads, cover fillets, etc.,

required to fit against the contour of irr6gular surfaces shall be
accurately scribed to ensire a close butt connection.

All joinery shall be finished smooth and clean by rubbing down by

hand with clean fine glass-paper and shall be prepared for painting,
staining, polishing or varnishing as specified.

All sharp arrises exposed on finished timber, boards and plastic

sheeting shall be removed by rubbing down with clean fine 'glass
Paper-
Doors shall be framed to the sizes shown on the drawings. Doors
hung folding shall have meeting beads screwed on. Glazing if required
shall be of twice rebated section. Panels to doors shall be moulded
both sides and let into framing for a minimum depth of lcm around as
shown on the drawings.

Flush doors shall be framed up in softwood and covered with plywood.

The horizontal framing members shall have ventilation holes drilled in
the vertical direction 6 avoid damage due to expansion of trapped air.
A teak edging shall be securely joined and dowelled to the framing all
round the exposed edges and shall be splayed or rebated to take the
edge of the plywood facing. Lock rails or fixing blocks shall be built
into the framing and their positions marked on the facing.
-. -. -
~ n other
y type of door where req"ir4 shall be in accordance with
Particular Specification.

NDOWS AND SASH=

Windows and fanlight sashes shall be framed to the sizes shown on the
drawings. Sashes hung folding shall have meeting beads screwed on
glazing bars if required shall be of twice rebated section.

HATCHES AND SHUTTERS

Hatches, shutters and similar items of joinery shall be framed to the
sizes shown on the drawings. I

FLYSCREENS
- .. --
Flyscreen to doors shall be framed and braced with rails stiles and
braces and filled in with appioved copper or galvanized steel fine wire
mesh of 0.70mm beaded on.

Flyscreens to windows shall be framed with rails and stiles and filled
in with approved copper or galvanized steel fine wire mesh of O.42mm
beaded on.
7.12 JOINERY COMPONENTS

7.12.1 Door Frames and Linin~s

Frames shall be rebated and rounded or moulded to the sizes

shown on the drawings or to sizes which are suitable for
thickness and finish of the wall and weight of the door to be
hung in the opening.

Each assembled frame shall have temporary diagonal brace

fitted inside the rebated.

Frames shall be built into walls and each leg secured with a
6.35 mm diameter conosion resistant dowels let in to concrete
floor and three hold fasts. Each hold fast shall be of corrosion
resistarit metal plate size 220 x 30 x 5mm thick once bent, one
end twice screwed to leg of frame and the other-end bhded in
wall.

Linings shall be fabricated and assembled in accordance with

the drawings and plugged and screwed to reveals.

J o i n e ~Fittinu

The joinery fittings shall be fabricated in accordance with the

drawings or the drawings which show Company's "Standard
Building Components Timber Details".

Dimensions up to 9.5mm on "Standard Building Component"

drawings are held to be the "actual" sizes of wrought timber.

All dimensions for joinery fittings required to be b-uilt in ar

fitted shall be checked on site- before fabrications and the
contractor shill be entirely responsible for any alterations that
may be required.

All necessary sawn hardwood grounds shall be provided and

built in or plugged and screwed to the adjacent walls.

Architraves

Architraves shall generally not be fixed before wall coverings

are formed or constructed because of their designlor detail.
The cross section of the architrave shall, unless otherwise
shown on the drawings, be 19mm x 45mm played twice
rounded or 4cm half rounded softwood.
7.12.4 Skirting

Skirtings shall, unless otherwise shown on the

drawings, be 1.9cm x lOcm softwood with a rounded
top edge and shall be plugged to the wall. After the
floor covering is completed a 19mm softwood quadrant
cover moulding shall be scribed to the floor and pinned
to the skirting.

7.12.5 Pluegine Nails and Screws

Components and adjoining fixings not described above

shall be properly and securely plugged to the ground.

Circular wire nails with circular flat heads may be used

--. -_ .Oval
for joinery work. ----_ wire
.-. nails
. shall be used for
softwood ~oiningexcept for securing small mouldings
and cover strips where panel pins shall be used.

Nails shall be punched about 3mm below the surface

and the holes stopped with putty after priming.

Galvanised clout nails shall be used for fixing

plasterboard, roof felting and the like.

Nail shall not be used for hardwood joinery except for

small section cover mouldings. Only wood screws of
proper length and diameter and having the appropriate
head and finish suited to the wood being fixed and to
which a fixing is to be made, shall be used.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION VIII

IRONMONGER

INDEX
PAGE NO,

8.0
- MATERIAL
8.1 -.,@ORKMANSHIP
8.2 PROTECTION
8.3 SAMPLES
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION VIIE

JRONMONGER

8.0 MATERIAL

All ironmongery such as hanging and locking devices, stays, closing and
check mechanism for doors and windows, door and window furniture, bolts
.
and catches, finger and kicking plates, remote control gear for windows and
ventilation and the like shall, unless otherwise stated on the drawings or
iranmongery schedule, be of-equivalentstyle and quality normally used by the .,
Company; The ironmongery-sEdl besupplied -with%properscrews or other 4

fixings suitable for the ground to which the irontnongery is to be fixed.

All screws used for fixing ironmongery shall be of the correct type, material,
finish, size and shape for the item. The use of nails for fixing ironmongery
will not be permitted.

8.1 WORKMANSHIP
8.1.1 On completion all locks, catches and similar items of ironmongery
shall be properly cleaned oiled, tested and adjusted and left in a sound
working order.

8.1.2 All keys shall be provided in duplicate and clearly labelled with m e h
or hardboard tags size approximately 5Omm x 20mm securely fixed to
the keys and handed to the Superintendent.
- - I -_ .
"'d
8.1:3 All fittings shall be removed before the cotnmencement of painting
operations and shall be re-fixed after all painting works are completed
and approved by the Superintendent.
8.2 PROTECTION
8.2.1 All ironmongery shall be individually wrapped and protected in such
a manner that no marking or damage to the finish will be incurred.

8.2.2 All ironmongery shall, at all times, be stored in a clean, dry and safe
place.

8.3 SAMPLES
The Contractor shall submit samples of every different item of ironmongery
to the Superintendent for approval of quality design and finish. .
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION IX

ROOFER

JNDEX

PAGE NO,
.
9.1 GENERAL 1
9.2 MATERIAL 1
ASBESTOS CEMENT: SHEETS - 1
GALVANIZED SHEETS 1
CORRUGATED ALUMINIUM ROOF 2
PLASTIC CORRUGATED ROOFING 2
FLAT ROOF 2
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE 2
9.2.6.1 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE SCREED 2
9.2.6.2 PLACING 3
VERMICULITE SCREED 3
TILES 6 I

EXPANSION JOINTS 6
9.2.9.1 ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET 6 * - - -

9.2.9.2 CEMENT & SAND SCREEDS, TILING &

V E R M I C U L ~ ~CONCRETE
E 6
9.2.10 FELT ROOFING
9.2.11 BITUMINOUS COMPOUND FINISHES
WORKMANSHIP
9.3.1 GENERAL
9.3.2 ASBESTOS CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEETING
9.3.2.1 LAYING
9.3.2.2 FIXING
9.3.2.3 BEDDING SHEETS
 PAGE NO.

9.4 CORRUGATION IRON SHEETING

9.4.1 LAYING

9.4.2 FIXING

9.4.3 BEDDING SHEETS

 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

I SECTION IX

ROOFER
9.1 GENERAL
On completion, all roofs are to be left sound and water-tight and in a neat and
clean condition before handing over. All roof finishes shall be carefully '
I

worked or fitted around pipes for openings.

9.2 TERIAL . .
.- . . ._
. --.- -..* -- ..

9.2.1 Asbestos Cement Sheets

The sheets shall be manufactured from a close homogenous mixture

consisting essentially of cement, asbestos, fibre and water and shall
exclude any materials liable to cause ultimate deterioration in the
quality of the sheets. The sheets may be of their natural colour or
colouring matter added to their composition as specified.

The sheeting shall be 6mm minimum thickness and shall be complete

with all the necessary accessories including ridge cappings, etc., of
similar quality.

The sheets shall be clean, of good appearance with neatly trimmed

edges and free from visible defects. Corrugated sheets shall be
rectangular in shape and corrugated in a true and regular manner to the
-- - -
- profile specified. - -. 7^1-,VI-a-

..
9.2.2 Galvanized Sheets '

The corrugated galvanized sheets shall comply with the requirements

of B.S. 3083 (hot dipped galvanized corrugated steel sheets for general
purposes), the latest edition.

The thickness of the sheeting shall be either 1.Omm or 0.8mm or as

called for in the particular specification or shown on the drawings.
Zinc coating shall be type 180 for l.Omm and type 150 for 0.8mm I
sheeting respectively.
 The sheets shall be clean, of good appearance with neatly trimmed
edges and free from visible defects. Corrugated sheets shall be
rectangular in shape and conugated in a true and regular manner to the
profile specified.

9.2.3 Cormgated Aluminium Roo6

Corrugated aluminium roofs shall be of conugated aluminium sheeting

conforming to B.S. 4868: latest edition.

The thickness of the sheeting shall be either 1.Omm or 0.8mm or as

called for in the particular specification or shown on the drawings. -
9.2.4 m i c Cormg@ed Roofing
-
.-
-- P1astic:corrugated sheets where,r.equired shall be an- approved make
a& shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

The provisions of Section '2, "Concretor" shall apply to the

construction of solid reinforced concrete slab roofs and to hollow slab
roofs. The actual finish is to be as specifically shown on the drawings
or in the particular specification.

Lightweight Concrete Screed~

I
Lightweight concrete screeds for obtaining falls or as an
insulating layer shall be of an approved type of foamed
- .. -~oocrek-comprising a sand-cement-water slurry with an
approved proprietary chemical foaming agent added to produce
the specified densiiy, permeability and insulating value. The
materials shall be measured applied and cured in accordance
with the manufacturer's instruction and to the satisfaction of the
Superintendent. Mixing shall take place in mechanical mixers
of approved design. In all cases the finished screed shall have
the properties described in the particular specification or shown
on the drawings regarding the density, permeability and
insulating value.
 9.2.6.1 Placing

Placing of the mix shall take place immediately after mixing.

The screed shall be laid in alternate bays not exceeding 16.00
square metres in area and to a minimum depth of 40mm. The
mix shall be minimum depth of 40mm. The mix shall be
carefully spread by means of a rake to a depth of 12.5 percent
greater than the finished thickness required and shall then be
slightly tamped and lightly trowelled down to its finished
thickness.

All roof screeds shall be cured as specified in Section 1 - -

Concretor for a period of seven days and during this time the
screed shall not be subjected to traffic of any kind.
-
.- .. - .; Afkr curing,'the roof screed shall be protected by -a layer of
cement and sand mortar (1:4) mix. This topping shall be well
trowelled in to ensure proper adhesion with the roofing screed
and have a minimum finished thickness above the screed of
lOmm and shall be curd for a period of seven days as
specified.

Alternatively, the cement and sand topping may, with the

approval of the Superintendent be applied immediately after
trowelling the screed and cured with it.

The surface of the topping shall be finished smooth and true

with a steel trowel where membrane roofing is to be applied
directly to the screed. I

The screeds and topping shall be allowed to dry out thoroughly

. -
--- - -- - before subsequent roofing operations are carried out. Roof -- ----
- s c r d s shall be subject to restrictions laying in hot weather
and shall not be la2 during periods of dust or sand storms.

9.2.7 Vermiculite Scred

Vermiculite screecis for obtaining falls or as an insulating layer shall

consist of vermiculite aggregate and cement. The grade of vermiculite
aggregate shall be as required in the particular specification or shown
on the drawings.
 The vermiculite aggregate shall be an exfoliated micaceous mineral
aggregate, incombustible and chemically inert, obtained from an
approved manufacturer and graded in accordance with the following
table:

-
GRADING DETATLS VERMI CULlTE

Grade No. Nominal Grading mm Density kg/m3

5 9.5 60-68

The vermiculite shall be delivered on the site in the manufacturer's

scaled and branded containers which shall be clearly marked to show
the grade of vermiculite contained therein. The vermiculite shall be
stored in a covered store raisedkoff the ground and the bags stacked
not more than 300cm high.

Gauge boxes shall be used for the measurement of vermiculite and the
following mixing table shall be strictly observed:

Vermiculite - m3
Nominal Cement kg. Water
- Mix -Grade-l$.- ,Grade
- .ti Litres
 Mixing shall be carried out by approved machine. The machine used
shall be counter-current rotating paddle type mixes operating at the
speed recommended by the manufacturer. The water shall be placed
in the mixer followed by the vermiculite and mixing shall be carried
out until the water has been distributed amongst the vermiculite. The
cement shall take place until all the materials are uniformly distributed.

It is extremely important to ensure that the mixing period is kept as

short as possible in order to prevent compression of the vermiculite.
For this reason, ordinary concrete mixers of the revolving drum type
are unsuitable and shall not be used.
1

It is also important that the water content be kept to the minimum

possible to allow for the proper hydration of the cement. Sloppy
-- mixes shall not be used. An even consistency free from lumps and -
- -,- ----
.- - woess-.water is required. As a site test sample when firmly gripped
should just release water.

Placing of the vermiculite mix shall take place immediately after

mixing. The vermiculite s c r d shall be laid in alternate bays not
I
exceeding 16 square metres in'-area to a minimum depth of 5cm. The
vermiculite mix shall be carefully spread by means of a rake to a depth 1
12'15% grater than the finished thickness required and shall then be
slightly tamped and lightly trowelled down to its finished thickness. I

The vermiculite screed be cured as shown under Section 2 of concretor

above for a period of seven days and during this time the screed shall
not be subjected to traffic of any kind.

After curing the vermiculite screed shall be protected by a layer of

cement and sand mortar (1:4 mix). This topping shall be well
$4
- --.trowdl& to ensure proper adhesion with the vermiculite screed and
- - shall have a minimum finished thickness above the vermiculite =reed
and shall have a minimum finished thickness above the vermiculite
screed of lcm.

The topping shall be cured as shown under Section 2 of Concretor

above for a period of seven days as described above for screeds.

Alternatively, the cement and sand under topping may, with the
approval of the Superintendent be applied immediately after trowelling
the vermiculite screed and cured with it.
 If roofing felt is to be laid on, the surface of the topping shall be
finished flat and true.

The screeds and topping shall be allowed to dry out thoroughly before
subsequent roofing operations are camed out. .

Vermiculite screeds and cement and sand topping layers shall not be
laid during rain.

Terrazzo or cement and sand tiles shall be manufactured and laid as

described under Section 10, Floor & Wall Tiler in this Specification.

-
9.2.9 Expansion Joints
- ... . ..-..
-.
- . -, . , . .-- .
9.2:g.l ' Asbestos Cement Sheets

Where the length of an asbestos cement sheeted roof

exceeds 18M an expansion joint will be provided with
standard 450mm asbestos cover strip fixed to steelwork
or as shown on the drawings.

9.2.9.2 Cement and Sand Screeds. Tiline and Vermiculite

Concrete
Expansion joints in vermiculite concrete or cement and
sand screeds and toppings and in tiling shall be formed
where and as required and shall be continuops
throughout the depth of screed or screed and topping.

The expangon joints shall generally be filled as

required and sealed with 2cm depth of a resilient liquid
ply-sulphide polymer sealant approved by the
Superintendent, finished with a concave joint pointed to
a depth of lcm below the surface. The sealant shall be
applkd strictly in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.

All surfaces which will be in contact with the sealant

shall be primed with an approved primer made by the
manufacturer of the sealant. Care shall be taken to
prevent staining the joint. Expansion joints shall
continue into the tilted tile skirtings and fillets.
 9.2.10 Felt Roofing

Felt shall be applied for damp-proofing and water proofing

either under tiling or crushed aggregate finishes as required by
the particular Specification or shown on the drawings.

All felt roofing shall be of a type suitabje for use in tropical

climates similar to that of Kuwait and shall comply with any of
the following:

i. To B.S. 747, Class 1, Type IC, "Self Finished Bitumen

Felts", nominal weight not less than 1.4kglsq.m.
..
11. To ASTM D226, 301B Type, "Asphalt Saturated .
Roofing Felt...", nominal weight not less than 1.4
kglsq. m .
--
-.- -. .->-. . - -
- - - iii. To B.S.747, Class 2, Type 2B, "Self Finished Bitumen - , -
Asbestos Felts", nominal weight not less 'than 1.a
kg.sq.m.

A minimum of two layers of felt shall be used.

The felt shall be thoroughly bonded to the roof or screed and

between layers. Care shall be taken to ensure that all surfaces
upon which felt is to be laid are dry, smooth and clean.

The bonding shall be by means of bitumen (60170) penetration

applied hot as a continuous coating to an average thickness of
not less than 1.5mm and not more than 2.0mm so as to give a
complete coat over the whole area at the rate of not less t6p.n
1.5 kg1sq.m. and not more than 2.0 kg1sq.m. for each bonding
coat.
- . -+ .-__ - .--
The felt shall be laid with 15cm side and end overlaps which
shall be staggered.:-

The felt shall be carried up to walls, etc., over fillets and walls
and shall be not less than 15cm in vertical height. The felt
shall be dressed and bonded into rain-water outlets and under
flashings.

9.2.11 Bituminous Compound Finishes

Compound finishes where required shall be as specified in1 the

particular Specification and shall be used strictly in accordance
with the instructions of the manufacturer.
9.3 WORKMANSHIP

9.3.1 General

The exposed edge of all side laps in corrugated sbee:ts is to be arranged

to face away from the direction of prevailing wind, that is the
northwest.

9.3.2 Asbestos Cement Cormgated Sheeting

9.3.2.1 uh
The profiles normally used are 7.5cm standard sheet or
15cm sheet.
-- -.
. &,% - --. - - > + -- The sh'ixts shall be laid with an end lap of not less than
15cm and side lap of half a corrugation 7cm for 15cm
sheets and one and a half (1%) corrugations 11Scm for
7.5cm standard sheets.

The sheets shall be properly close laid by mitring two

of the sheets where they overlap at the comers so that
they butt closely and lie in one plane and covering this
mitred joint at top and bottom by the other two sheets
as shown on the drawings or as directed by the
Superintendent. At abutments, the sheets shall be cut
as necessary and finished with a rising edge.

The sheets shall be laid with smooth side exposed to the

weather.

All courses shall $ g ~ with-corrugations

d end and side
laps on straight lines. -
..-.-
All fixing holes shall be drilled. Holes on no account
shall be punched. External comers of buildings shall be
covered with moulded asbestos corner pieces. The
ends of corrugations at eaves or valleys shall be closed
with moulded asbestos filler pieces.

Close fitting moulded asbestos capping shall be fixed

along ridges together with finials at open ends.
 9.3.2.2 Fixing

All sheeting shall normally be fixed through the crowns of

corrugations.

Sheeting shall be fixed to steel with galvanized 6.5mm diameter

hook bolts of the proper length and cranked to suit angle iron
or channel sections purlins or rails.

In the case of wood framing, sheets shall be secured to wooden

purlin at centres not exceeding 30cm by galvanized drive
screws 75mm long with galvanized diamond-shaped washers
and laid sealing washers.
w

Sheets shall be secured at eaves, ridge and through end laps by

at least two bolts or screws. At intermediate purlins or rails
where no lap occurs one bolt or screw shall biused.
_ , .--. - _. I

Accessories such as ridge capping, finials, corner pieces, eaves

filler pieces shall be secured to the roof or wall cladding where
possible by the same bolts that secure the sheeting.

9.3.2.3 Beddine Sheets

All edges of sheets and flashings shall be bedded in Secomastic

'M' grade, or other approved mastic material of similar
characteristics. The mastic shall be spread evenly over the full
width of the laps and the sheet laid so that a complete dust
proof joint is obtained. Mastic extracted from the joint shall be
neatly cleaned off.
I
9.4 CORRUGATION IRON SHEETING

The sheets shall be laid witti'an end lap of not less than l5cm and a side lap
of one cormgation 7.5cm and with corrugation end and side laps on straight
lines.

At abutments, the sheets shall be cut as necessary and finished with a rising
edge.

All fixing holes can be drilled or punched from the internal side of the sheet.

Capping shall be fixed along ridges together with finials-sideof the! sheet.
 9.4.2 Fixing

All sheeting shall normally be fixed through the crowns of

corrugations.

Sheeting shall be fixed to steel with 6.5mm diameter'hook bolts of the

proper length and cranked to suit angle iron, pipe or channel section
purlins or rails.

No hook bolt or screws shall be nearer than 4cm to the end of a sheet.

Sheeting to be fixed to wood shall be secured with pointed galvanized .

steel roofing drive screws.

All bolts and screws shall be fitted with a galvanized sheet curved
-diamond
- - -, shapd washer 'and asbestos felt under washer except for .

fencing and similar work where plain washers may be used.

Sheets shall be secured at eaves, ridge and through ends, and laps and
intermediate purlins at 23cm centres. Except for fencing, sheeting side
laps shall be seam bolted at 23cm centres.
s"At comers of sheeted buildings a galvanized flashing 45cm girth shall
be bent and seam bolted at 23cm centres on both edges.

Where apron, cover, stepped and other flashings are fixed as described
in External Plumber the flashing shall be seam bolted to the sheeting
at 23cm centres.
I
9.4.3 Bedding Sheets

All edges of sheets and flashings except sheeted fencing - - shall be

%<

-- bedded in Secomastic 'N'grade or other approved-mastic materialof

similar characteristics. The ma& shall be spread evenly over the full
width of the laps and the sheet laid so that a complete dust proof joint
is obtained. Mastic extracted from the joint shall be neatly cleaned
off.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

FLOOR AND WALL TILER

INDEX

PAGE NO,

P.V.C. FLOOR TILES

SANDICEMENT FLOOR TILES
TERRAZZO FLOOR TILES '
CERAMIC FLOOR TILES '

QUARRY FLOOR TILES

GLAZED WALL TILES
CERAMIC WALL TILES
MARBLE TILES
ARTIFICIAL MARBLE TILES
PRECAST CONCRETE TILES

10.3 WORKMANSHIP
10.3.1 GLAZED WALL TILES
10.3.2 TERRA20 FLOOR-TILq --
10.3.3 CERAMIC FLOOR TILES -
10.3:4- CERAMIC WALL T I E S
10.3.5 QUARRY FLOOR T I ~ S
10.3.6 MARBLE FLOOR TILES
10.4 CUTTING OF TILES
10.4 CUTTING OF TILES
10.5 CLEANING OF TILES
10.6 EXPANSION JOINTS
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION X
FlOOR AND WALL TILER

10.1 GENERAL

All materials supplied shall be subject to the prior approval of the .

Superintendent and shall conform to the specifications and descriptions
contained herein. Samples of the different kinds of tiles shall be submitted to
.
the Superintendent for approval prior to being brought to site. The Contractor
shall be solely responsible for the condition of tiled areas for the duration of
thecontract. Ordinary portland cement, sand and water to be as specified for
--. .... . .-
"
-- "Cencretor"-. Mixing of mortar to be as specified for "Bricklayer". -
Patterned floor tiles shall be laid square with axis of rooms, with joints lining
up with perimeter tiles not less than one half full size and of equal size at
opposite walls.

Floor tiles shall be cut to ensure that edges at walls are fully covered by
skirtings. Exposed edges of floor tiles shall be scribed neatly against adjacent
surfaces.

Where different colour floor tiles occur in adjoining spaces colours shall meet
on the centre line of doors separating these spaces.

Edges strips shall be installed at free edges of flooring. I

Making good etc., - the contractor shall perform all necessary cutting and
fitting tiles around all pipes, sanitary fittings, openings,-etc., M - e ---
good -after all trades. -
.-.

10.2 MATERIALS

10.2.1 P.V.C. Floor Tiles

Flexible P.V.C. tiles shall comply with the requirements of BS

3261 type B (Flexible P.V.C. flooring) and the P.V.C. (vinyl)
asbestos floor tiles to the requirements of B.S. 3260 (P.V.C.,
Vinyl) asbestos floor tiles). L
Vinyl asbestos tiles shall be 30cm x 30cm x 3mm thick or as
specified installed and laid in accordance with the
manufacturer's specification. The colour and texture shall be
constant throughout the entire thickness and shall conform to
the entire thickness and shall conform to the specification and
approved by the Superintendent.

The tiles shall consist of thoroughly blended composition of

thermostatic, asbestos fibre, fillers and pigments. They shall
conform to B.S. 3260.

SandICement Floor Tiles

The sandkement floor tiles shall be manufactured with a mix

of white, coloured cement or ordinary portland cement as
specified and fine aggregate as a wearing surface 7.5mm thick
set on a cement sand backing composed of 1 part cement to 5
~zktsof fine aggregate. *. .,.... -- .,

The tiles shall be cast in heavy metal moulds, under pressure,

with keyed backs to sizes: 20cm x 20cm x 20cm thick (size
tolerance f lmm) or 30cin x 30cm x 25cm thick. (Size
tolerance f 2mm) as spkified.

Coved cement sand skirting tiles with chamfered straight or

rounded top edge, as specified, together with all tile fittings for
internal and external skirting angles and the like shall be
manufactured in lOcm or 15cm heights to match the floor tiles
using the same mixes and similar manufacturing techniques.
Exposed top edges of skirting shall have the coloured wearing
surface returned for the full depth. The waterkement ratio
shall be as low as possible to reduce drying shrinkage. All
tiles shall be properly cured after removal from the mould by
total immersion, after initial set, in c I m water for 24 hours.

The tiles shall be trueto shape, flat and free from flaws, cracks
and pittings and have a fine smooth textured finish. Where
specified, non-slip or abrasion resistant additives shall be
incorporated in the wearing surfaces.

Terrazzo Floor Tiles

The terrazzo faced floor tiles shall be manufactured with a mix

of one part of white, coloured or ordinary portland cement as
specified and 2% parts of granular marble chippings applied as
a wearing surface 5mm thick set on a cement sand backing
composed of 1 part cement to 5 parts of fine aggregate.
 The tiles shall be cast in heavy metal moulds, under pressure
with keyed backs to sizes: 20cm x 20cm x 20mm thick (size
tolerance & lmm) or 30cm x 30cm x 25mm thick (size
tolerance f 2mm) as specified. All tiles shall comply with the
requirements of BS 413 1 latest edition. -
Coved, terrazzo faced skirting tiles with chamfered straight or
rounded top edge as specified, together with all tile fittings for
internal and external skirting angles and the like shall be
manufactured in lOcm or 15cm heights to match the floor tiles
techniques. Exposed top edges of skirting tiles shall have the .
termno returned for the full depth. The waterlcement ratio .
shall be as low as possible to reduce drying shrinkage.

All tiles shall be properly cured after removal from the mould
- - :
by total immersion after initial set, in clean water for,.24-.hours.
. -- . 1

All tiles shall be true to shape, flat and free from flaws, cracks
and pittings and be polished to a grit finish to avoid
slipperiness.

Aggregate for terrazzo shall be crushed marble, angular in

shape (as distinct for elongated and flaky pieces) free from dust
fines or other impurities.

Unless otherwise specified, the size of aggregate for terrazzo

shall be equal amounts of size 3.2.mm to 4.3mm and 4.8mm
to 6.5mm.
I
10.2.4 Ceramic Floor Tiles

Ceramic floor tiles shall be non-slip vitrified ceramic tiles size -.. -
-
lOcm x lOcm x 9mm thick (or as indicated on the drawings or
- in the particular Specification) & shall be as manufactured by
RICHARD GINORI or any similar approved manufacturer,
conforming with B.S. 1286, latest edition for "Floor Tiles Type
B".

10.2.5 Ouanv Floor T

Quarry tiles shall be anti-slip acid resistant of size 150 x 150

x 12mm thick, with matching coved skirtings 150mm high (or
as shown on the drawings) of uniform colour and texture, free ..
from holes, bubble veins scratches, structural weakness or
oblique lines or any kind or chemical or physical impurity.
 This shall conform to B.S. 1286: latest edition Type A, shall be
grouted with acid resistant grouting and laid on 3cm thick coat of
cement and sand screed (1:4 mix).

10.2.6 Glazed Wall Tiles

Glazed wall tiles shall be uniform in colour and of the colour specified
and comply with the approved sample 150 x 150 x 6.4mm thick or as
indicated on the drawings or in the particular specification and shall be
as manufacturer glazed on face as B.S. 1281 latest edition (Dimensions
and Workmanship only).

External angles and top edges of glazed wall tiling shall be formed
with rounded edge as B.S. 1281 latest edition, Figure 2 Ref. R.E.X.
-- if required.
.- . - - -
Where required, the external angles, sides and to edges shall be
formed with angles beads as B.S. 1281 latest edition, Figure 6
including special fittings at intersections. Tiles shall be laid in
patterns as requested by the Superintendent.

10.2.7 Ceramic Wall Tiles

Ceramic Wall Tiles shall be durable and stain proof with fine grain
and colour throughout. They shall be impervious with less than lh%
water absorption.

Tiles shall be 150 x 150 x 12mm thick and with internal comers, sides
and top edges of tiling formed with the Manufacturer's special tiles
produced for each location. Tiles shall be manufactured by "Buchtal
or Bail" or other equal and approved Manufacturer.
- -
- -.-.-."- *_- C

10.2.8 Marble Tiles

.-.
Marble tiles slabs shall be natural free from voids seams, cracks,
blemishes, scratches, stains and any other defect. Filing of voids is
not allowed. Exposed surfaces shall be smooth and polished. A
sample shall be submitted to the Superintendent for his approval.

Marble slabs shall have the following dimensions or as shown on the

drawings and as specified:
- Tread (Going):
Width=width of tread (going) /
specified nosing.
length = min length permitted is 90cm.
Thickness = 3cm.
 Riser: Height - riser minimum 12cm depth
of tread Icm to 1Scm.
length = minimum permitted is 90cm.
thickness = 2cm.
- Tiles for landing = thickness 2 - 3 cm and size to be as
specified.
- Skirting - thickness 1% - 2cm, size as specified minimum
permitted length '30cm.

al Marble Tiles

Artificial marble tiles shall be homogeneous of a constant uniformity .

of structure without any unevenness or air bubbles and shall be a
conglomerate of precious marble and special synthetic raisin. Tiles
shall be cm. 30 x 30 - 40 x 40 - 30 x 50 or 30 x 60 with 1.3 cm
thickness and shall be of square with straightxlges-+d right angles. - -
Exposed surfaces shall be smooth and polished. A sample of different
colours shall be submitted to the Superintendent for his approval.

Precast Concrete Tiles

Tiles for sidewalks or for covering certain areas as specified or as

shown on the drawing shall be of concrete 1:2:4 mix reinforced with
6mm dia. bars at 20cm centre to centre each way and 5cm thick.

Tiles shall be of a uniform colour with straight edges and right angles
apd on absolutely smooth true surface free from air bubbles or
scratches or any other discolouring.

All tiles shall be cured for at least 3 weeks.

Tiles shall be laid on lOOmm thick compacted sand to ~e~eq&&,_,,-

levels. Joints shall be 20mm wide straight joints and shall be filled
with 1:4 cementJsand-:mortar.

10.3 WORKMANSHIP

10.3.1 Glazed Wall Tiles

The joints of blockwork and brickwork to receive the tiling shall be

raked out to depth of 13mm and surfaces of concrete hacked to provide
a key for the floating coat. The surface shall then be plastered with
a mixture of cement and sand (1:3) and the floated coat of cement and
sand (1:3) applied to a finished thickness of 13mm to improve the
workability of the floated coat a 1' 5 part by volume of hydrated lime
may be added to the cement sand mix.
10.3.1 The use of proprietaq masonry cement and sand and air entrained
mixes of equivalent strength, as alternatives to the above mix, must be
approved by the Superintendent.

Where the thickness of the floated coat is to be applied to old walls

and greater than 13mm thick it shall be built up in two or more coats
each not greater than 9.5mm thick.

Where the tiles are to be bedded in cement and sand mortar the floated
coat shall be scratched to afford a key.

Where cement based or mastic adhesives are to be used for fixing the -
tiles the floated coat shall be finished with a wood and s t d float
respectively.
--
- .Floated coats mustbe-plumb aad any unevenness must be such that a
correction of no more than 3.2mm in any distance of 3M is required
to bring the finished tiles face to the required plane.

The floated coat shall be completed at least one week before tile fixing
begins and in addition should be thoroughly dry.

The surface of the floated coat shall be well wetted with fresh sweet
water before tiling is applied.

All tiles shall be immersed in fresh sweet water for at least six hours
prior to fixing until saturated. After soaking the tiles shall be removed
from the water and stacked on edge to drain the surface water only.
I
The starting course on surface to be tiled, shall be established with a
level line set out to ensure that the joint gap between each tile will be
- 1.6mm. Before tiling begins, the dry floated a t s W b e urettdjurt-
sufficiently to prevent it from absorbing witer 'from the fixing bed.
..
Tiles shall be bedded in cement and sand (1:3) mix 6mm thick to a
true vertical face with continuous horizontal and vertical joint.

The use of cement based and mastic adhesives for fixing shall be
approved by the Superintendent. The instructions of the manufacturers
on the use of the adhesive must be observed.
 The joints of the wall tiling shall be raked out, while green and after
a period of at least one day after completion of the tiling, the joints
shall be wetted and grouted with a mix composed of 1 part white
cement and 3 parts hydrated lime, brushed then be lined out with a
piece of wood, of the thickness equivalent to the joint and surplus
grout adhering to the face of the tile shall be wiped off with a clean
damp cloth before it sets hard and shall be removed from the tiles.

10.3.2 Terrazzo Floor Tiles

Tiles shall be laid on a clean well swept sub-floor on sand cement'l:3

mortar within overall thickness of bed and tiles of 6cm the tiles shall .
thoroughly be soaked in clean water for a period of not less than 6
hours before laying and drained to remove excessive water. The tiles
-- shall be laid within sections of floor levels. The tiles shall be bedded
.-
in cement m o m (1:3) direct on tq-thesonc~etefloor.- The thickness .
of the bedding mortar shall not be greater than lOmm laid on a screed
of 75mm. The tiles must be levelled with a wooden beater to regulate
the alignment of joints which shall be perfectly straight before the
mortar bedding is initially set.

Joints between tiles shall be regular and not less than 3mm or greater
than 4mm. The joints shall be grouted upon completion of the laying
with neat white coloured cement sluny composed of 1 part cement to
1 part of sand, otherwise required by the Superintendent or specified
on the drawings, spread over with a squeegee and the surfaces wiped
clean immediately after grouting. The grouting shall be coloured to
match the tile if required.
I
The tiles shall be neatly laid, square and true to level. Expansion
joints shall be provided in floor tiles as specified in the drawings or
- ---- --- directed by the Superintendent. Cuttings up to abutments and around-
projections shall be neatly done.
- -_
...
All terrazzo surfaces shall be polished on completion of laying. Large
areas shall be wet polished by machine using a No. 140 carborundum
abrasive. Areas too small for machine polishing shall be polished by
hand using a No. 140 carborundum stone and clean water.
 After grouting, the tiles shall be protected by spreading saw dust or
polythene sheets laid in close contact with the floor which shall be kept
damp for not less than seven days, during which time, the floor must
be allowed to mature undisturbed.

The protection shall be cleared away before handing over the work.

Ceramic Floor T&

Ceramic tiles shall be laid and bedded on a cement and (1:4) mortar
5mm thick on a cement and (1:4) sand screed with a 5cm overall total
thickness. Where floors are laid to falls, cross-falls and current, the
average overall thickness shall be 5cm.

All tiles shall be neatly laid square true to level with straight regular
'
joints inclpding.@@ cutting up to abutments and around projections
and.white cement and one part sand. Joints shall be completely filled
and surplus grout removed on completion.

After grouting, the tiles shall be protected by spreading polythene

sheeting. Protection shall be cleared away before handing over.

Ceramic tiles skirtings shall be lOcm high and 5mm projection beyond
the plaster face, unless otherwise shown on the drawings or directed
by the Superintendent. Skirtings shall be tiled with bevelled edges,
polished on face and exposed edges and with all angle pieces internal
and external and bedded in the same manner as for paving using a
1:2% mix.

10.3.4 Ceramic Wall Tiles

-- -- -- - The joints of blockwork to receive the tiling shall be.rake&.daut-ha-- -

depth of lOmm and surfaces of concrete hacked to provide a key for
-
a cement and sand (1:4) backing of minimum lOmm thickness. The
surface of the backing shall be scratched when nearly set to form a key
and, when set shall be wetted before the tiles are applied. Joints shall
be formed in the backing where differing base materials or expansion
joints occur and the joints filled as specified. Under no circumstances
shall tiling be taken across such joints un-interrupted.
 The tile adhesive shall be of the "Thin bed" variety, either cement
based or mastic adhesive suitable for the background construction,
applied strictly in accordance with the ~nanufacturer's written
instructions.

The backing coat must be plumb and any unevenness must be such that
a correction of no more than 3.5mm in any distance of 3M is required
to bring the finished tile face to the required plane.

The backing coat shall have been completed at least one week before
tile fixing begins and in addition, should be thoroughly dry.

The tiles shall be completely immersed in clean fresh water for at l&t
one hour prior to fixing. After soaking the tiles shall be removed
from the water and stacked on edge to drain the surface water only.

-- The starting cburse, on surface to be tiled, shall be established with a -

- level line set out to ensure, that the joint gap between each tile will be
10mm. Before tiling begins, the dry floated coat shall be wetted just
sufficiently to prevent it from absorbing water from the fixing bed.

Tiles shall be evenly buttered and firmly into position. The resulting
base thickness should geneially be 6.5mm. Uniform spaces between
tiles shall be obtained as specified above.

A glass cutter must be used to cut and fit glazed tiles up to abutments
and round projections.

The joints of the wall tiling shall be raked out, while green and after
a period of at least one day completion of the tiling, the joints shall be
wetted and grouted with a mix composed of one part white cement and
three parts hydrated lime, brushed and worked well into the joints.
The joints shall then be lined out with a piece of grout removed from
.. .--- tm riles: Upon completion of the grouting,
- - the tiled areas shall be
wiped clean.
10.3.5 Q u a y Floor Tiles

Quarry floor tiles shall be laid with square joints finished to a true flat
surface and shall be laid with approximately 3mm wide straight and
regular joints unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.

Before the bedding mortar sets, joints between tile shall be raked out
to a depth of approximately lOmm and cleaned of mortar particles.
After the bedding mortar has set, the joints shall be filled fl'ush with
ordinary or coloured cement (as specified by the Superintendent) and
sand.
 Marble Floor Tile~

Before laying tiles, the sub-base shall be cleaned to remove dirt, dust,
debris and loose particles and saturated with clean water several hours
before placing setting bed. About one hpur prior to placing setting
bed, surface water shall be removed.

A slush coat of cement grout shall be applied over surface of concrete

sub-base about 15 minutes prior to placing setting bed. The area of
slush coat shall be applied by trowel or brush and shall not exceed
15mm in thickness.

Mortar for the setting bed shall be gauged 1:3 by volume of cement
.
and sand using only enough water to produce a moist surface when the
setting bed is ready for setting of stone. The screed shall be spread to
a uniform thickness, except for minor variations required to produce -
a h e surface level in plane. Only the amount which can be covered
with stone prior to initial set of the bed shall be mixed and placed and
material which has reached initial set prior to placing of stone shall be
used.

Stone shall be thoroughly wetted before setting and set before initial
set of cement bed occurs. A thin layer of neat cement paste 0.8mm
to 1.6mm thick shall be applied by brushing or trowelling over setting
bed, or a bottom of stone. Each stone shall be tamped for complete
contact with setting bed and levelled immediately.

Joints shall be grouted in white cement as soon as possible after initial

set of setting bed. Grout shall be forced into joints, struck flush and
tooled slightly concave. Joints surfaces, if dry, shall be wetted prior
to grouting.

Tiles abutting against wood, aluminium of metal frame, or tiling at angles, and round
brackets, pipes, etc., shall be carefully cut and fitted to form a close neat joint. Open
irregular joints filled with cement and sand or plaster shall not be permitted.
 10.5 CLEANING OF TILES

All tiling shall be thoroughly cleaned down or washed off on completion and all
surplus plaster and pointing cement removed. All paint splashes shall be removed
I immediately after painting.
10.6 EXPANSION JOINTS

Expansion joints shall be formed where shown on the drawings or as specified and
shall be constructed to the satisfaction and approval of the Superintendent.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XI

METAL AND STRUCTIJRAL WORKS

INDEX

PAGENO. .
11.1 GENERAL 1
11.2 MATERIALS .. 1
11.2:1 ROLLED MILD STEEL JOISTS,
CHANNELS, ANGLE & TEES 1
11.2.2 WROUGHT IRON BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS 1
11.2.3 MILD STEEL 2
11.2.4 PLANNING TO PLATES AND BARS 2
11.2.5 STACKING 1

1 1.3 WINDOWS AND DOORS

1 1.4 MISCELLANEOUS

11.5 WORKMANSHIP

11.5.1 FABRICATION
11.5.2 WELDING
11.5.3 WELDING
1]t:spA *'+% - '.
WARKING
115.6 SHOP COAT PRIMER
11S . 7 ERECTION
11.5.8 GROUTING

11.6 ALUMINIUM WINDOWS, DOORS AND SCREENS

11.6.1 HARDWARE
11.6.2 ANODIZING
11.6.3 SEALING
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

I
SECTION XI

JklETAL ANT) STRUCTURAL WORKS

10.1 GENERAL
'
All materials supplied shall be free from scale, rust, damage and defects. All
steel work be provided and fixed complete with all plates, cleats, bolts, etc., .
cut to lengths and sizes and drilled not punches. All steel members in contact
with the soil shall be painted with two coats of protective asphalt paint. All
doors, windows, gable frames, runway girder or any other steel item shall be
g&in at least-ohe c o of-rust-inhibiting
~ paint of an approved bragd before
delivery to the Ate. All welding, brazing or hot forging shall be carried out
by approved processes. All metal works shall be approved by the
superintendent before starting painting works.

11.2.1 Rolled Mild Steel Joist. Channels. Angles & Tees

Rolled steel, mild steel joists, channels, angles and tees shall
comply with B.S. 4360, latest edition: "Weldable smctural
steel" or ASTM A36, a "Structural steel."

The steel shall be well rolled to the dimensions, sections, and

weights specified, except for any customary rolling margin and
be free from cracks surface flaws, laminations and other
- defects. -&fa=- ddects may be removed by grinding,
- provided that the thickness is not reduc-ed in any area to less
than 93 percent of.ihe nominal thickness, not by more than
3mm.

11.2.2 Wraueht
- Iron Bolts. Nuts and Washers

All bolts and nuts shall be metric standards. Black bolts shall
be in accordance with B.S. 916 latest edition or ASTM A307.
Bolts shall be of sufficient length to show at least one full
thread beyond the nut after tightening.
I

Washers shall be to B.S. 3410: latest edition with a tolerance

of I1rtrmm on the diameter of the hole. When bolting of
diminishing sections, tapered washers shall be used.
 11.2.3 Mild Steel

Mild steel slinll coinply with H.S. 4.360: latest cdition

"Structural Steel" and B.S. 449: latest edition. "The use of
structural steel in building or the relevant ASTM and DIN
Standards. Steel tubes shall be seamless tubes in accordance
with B.S. 1387 or B.S. 1775: latest edition.

11.2.4 Planning to Plates and Bars

The plates and bars shall be truly straight and bent to exact .
forms required and the ends planed so as to form true joints.

All materials should be stacked well on racks under shade to

-- keep them away from dampness.
- - - -
I. - , - - .

11.3 WINDOWS AND DOORS

The following remarks relating to metal -windows shall cover also metal
casement doors and where applicable partitions as well:

a. Generally, metal windows shall be supplied complete with frame,

fixing lugs and glazing clips or beads. Composite windows shall be
supplied complete with the necessary transoms and mullions.
Generally, the windows will be required to open inwards; and

b. Mild steel windows shall be manufactured in accordance with B.S. 990

with regard to materials and workmanship. The windows shall be
formed of hot rolled mild steel sections, electrically welded.

11.4 MmAmQl)S
- -
wrought steel balustrades shall be:provided to staircases and balconies as
shown on the drawings. Burglar bars and safety bars shall be provided to
windows where shown on the drawings.

Cramps for fixing wooden door and window frames shall be 20cm long x 3cm
x 3mm section and shall have one end bent and twice drilled for screwing to
frame and other end fishtailed for building into walling. Cramps shall be
galvanized or dipped in bitumen before fixing.

Mild steel ladders where required.shal1 be as shown on the drawings. t

 Metal roller shutters shall be provided to sizes as shown on the drawings.
Each roller shutter shall be constructed of heavy-gauge metal slats and shall
be constructed of heavy-gauge metal slats and shall be complete, including
channel iron guides, roller box, spindle, and rust-proofed by either hot or cold
galvanizing, metallizing or sheradizing process as required. The rust-proofing
1
shall be sufficient to withstand the 72 hour salt-spray test as provided for in
B.S. 1391.

Opening sashes shall be fitted with steel hinges having brass pins. Pivoting
sashes shall be fitted with bronze ring centres. Side hung or vertically
pivoting sashes shall be fitted with sliding stays and handled fasteners with
two-point noses as shown on the drawings or as specified in the particular
specification. Top hung or horizontally pivoting sashes shall be fitted with
steel side arms each.

All material, before and after fabrication, shall be straight,

unless required to be of curvilinear form and shall be free from
twists, unless required to be twisted.

All steel parts shall be accurately set out, cut, framed and
executed using proper rivets, bolts or welding electrodes. All
cut parts shall be as sawn. No oxygen burning shall be
permitted unless approved by the Superintendent. All cut parts
and welded section shall be ground even and filed smooth with
round edges. I

11S.2 Holes
- -,-
Holes through more than one thickness -of material for
-
members, shall, where possible, be drilled after the members
are assembled and tightly clamped together. Punching will be
permitted before assembly, provided the holes are punches
3mm less in diameter than the required size and reamed after
assembly to the full diameter. The thickness of material
punched shall not exceed 1Omm. Holes for bolts shall be
1.5mm larger than the nominal diameter of the bolts.
 The diameter for all sub-punched holes and drill for all sub-
drilled holes, shall be at least 1.51nmsn~allerthan the nominal
diameter of the bolt.

Where holes are drilled in one operation though two or more

separate parts, these parts shall be separate after drilling and
burrs removed.

All matching holes for bolts shall register with each other so
that a gauge 1.6mm less in diameter than the hole, will pass .
freely through the assembled member sin a direction @ right
angles to such members.
.
Holes for bolts shall not be formed by a gas cutting process.
--
- - + -.----.-- _.
- - . The component parts shall be assembled in such a-manner tha; ---< -- -
they are neither twisted nor otherwise damaged and shall be so
prepared that the specified cambers, if any, are provided.

Where necessary, washers shall be tapered or otherwise

suitably shaped to give the threads and nuts of bolts a
satisfactory bearing.

The threaded portion of each bolt shall project through the nut
at least one thread and not more than 13mm when the nut is
spanner tight.

The nut shall be applied to the bottom side of a horizontal

bolted joint.

115 . 3 Welding
- v - r
-
Surfaces to be welded -shall be free from loose scale, slag, rust,
grease, paint imd anl'other foreign material except that mill
scale which withstands vigorous wire brushing may remain.
Joints surfaces shall be free from fins and tears.

Welding of all connections between mild steel members shall

comply with B.s. 5135 (general requirements for the metal-arc
welding of mild steel) latest edition, or ASIC Section 1.7
Welds, or with B.S. 5135: latest edition in all respect of oxy-
acetylene welding in mild steel. Electrodes shall comply with
B.s. 1851: latest edition and B.S. 639: latest edition.
 113 . 4 Marking

Each piece of steelwork shall be distinctly marked before

despatch in accordance with a marking diagram and shall bear
such other marks as will facilitate erection,

11.5.5 Welders

Welders shall be suitably qualified and experienced and if so

required by the Superintendent shall produce evidence of their .
'
capability by executing the test welds specified in B.S. 4872-1:
latest edition, Part 1 or test as prescribed in the code for
welding in building construction AINS D1.O-69 of the
.
American Welding Society.

.----
.----11.5.6-:$hop
4.-:
Coat Primer

Wherever practicable, steelwork shall be prepared and painted

with one coat zinc chromate by the manufacturer or fabricator
as specified in Painter Clause of this Specification.

Shop contract surface shall be brought together while paint is

still wet surfaces not in contact but inaccessible after shop
assembly shall receive two coats of zinc chromate.

1 1.5.7 Erection

The suitability and capacity of all plant and equipment shall be

adequate for the safe and proper erection of the steelwork.

All structural steelwork shall be stored and handled so that

-
members are not subjected t o e_xcessiyestresses and damage.
-
The positioning and levelling of all steelwork, the plumbing of
stanchions and the placing of every part with accuracy shall be
in accordance with the drawings or as specified and within the
following tolerances:

b!d Line Plumb

Stanchion bases 3mm 3mm --
Stanchion - - 6mm in
6M I

Crane rails;
Girders & Brackets 3mm 21nm -
 During erection, the work shall be securely bolted or otherwise
fastened and if necessary temporarily braced, so as to make
adequate provision for all erection stresses and conditions,
including those due to erection equipment and its operation.
Neither permanent bolting nor welding shall be done until
proper alignment has been obtained.

The erection clearance for cleated ends of members connecting

steel to steel shall be not greater than 2mm at each end.

Site reaming of holes shall comply with the requirements of

Clause 115.2 above. -
11.5.8 Grouting
--
- - Grouting under stinchion bases and bearing surfaces of girders - - --
^on concrete shall not be camed out until the steel work is
finally line up, levelled, plumbed, bolted or welded together.
The steel work to be grouted meanwhile shall be held by steel
wedges and steel packing pieces.

Immediately before grouting, the space under the steel work to

be thoroughly cleaned. Temporary formwork shall be erected
around the steel work not lower than the level of the base plate
or nearer than 7.5cm from the edge of the base plate.

A fluid grout mixture composed of 1 part cement to 2 parts

sand shall then be poured and worked under and around the
'
steel work and tamped into place so that the space is
completely filled.

11.6 -ALUMTNTUM WINDOWS. DOORS AND SCREENS

-
- Aluminium windows, doors and screens shall be manufactured to suit
the timber sub-frames. The contractor shall be responsible for
ensuring that the openings are the correct size and that measurements
are taken on site. The aluminium extrusions shall comply with ASTM
B308: latest edition.
The Aluminium windows, doors and screens shall be of the design
shown on the drawings and manufactured of suitable extrusions for the
size of the unit. The contractor shall submit with his TENDER detail
drawings of the various extrusions he proposes to use, together with
the manufacturer's details.
 Composite windows, doors and screens shall be supplied complete with
all necessary transom, inullions and coupling members.

Aluminium windows, doors and screens shall be supplied complete

with frames, fixing lugs (complying with B.S. 1494) and glazing
beads.

Opening sashes shall be fitted with internal and external weather

stripping in addition to the normal metal to metal slamming of either
neoprene or fabric weather stripping. All opening sashes shall be
fitted with flyscreens consisting of 14 mesh, 27 gauge aluminium wire %

with aluminium frame fixed to windows and with aluminium set

screws or turnbuckles for each removal.

Where aluminium windows, doors and screens abut concrete, brick or

- -steel surfaces, the aluminium surface shall be provided -with a
~~r'bituminous.membrane or other equal protective application.

Hardware

All hardware for opening sashes shall be as set out on

the hardware schedule and comply with B.S. 1331,
latest edition. Samples for hardware shall be submitted
to the Superintendent for approval. Lock and latch
sizes for doors shall comply fully with B.S. 455.

Anodizing

All extruded aluminium sections shall be silver,

anodized. The anodizing shall be minimum 19-25 mic.
All anodized aluminium shall be protected with a plastic
covering during erection and the covering.- -
stripped off
=

when the installation is complete. -' .

sealing

After the installation of aluminium windows, doors and

screens, the joints between the adjacent finishes shall be
sealed with silver secomastic or other equal and
approved plastic sealant. The surface of the sealing
shall be smooth and even. After sealing, the adjacent
materials shall be cleaned to the Superintendent's
satisfactions. I
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XI1

GLAZTER

INDEX
I?mixL
12.1 GENERAL 1
12.2 MATERIALS
- . - . - . ..
12.2.1 CLEARSHEETGLASS
12.2.2 CLEAR PLATE GLASS, NUTS AND WASHERS
12.2.3 CLEAR FLOAT GLASS
12.2.4 TRANSLUCENT GLASS
12.2.5 TRANSLUCENT ABSORBENT AND
INSULATING GLASS
12.2.6 WIRED GLASS
12.2.7 HEAT - ABSORBING PLATE GLASS
12.2.8 MIRRORS
12.2.9 PUTT'Y AND OTHER MATERIALS

12.5 WORKMANSHIP

12.3.1 REBATES
12.3.2 BEADS AND WASH LEATHER
12.3.3 CU'ITING ALLOWAWE -- - -
12i3.3 GLAZING TO WOOD WITHOUT BEADS-
12.3.6 GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
12.3.7 GLAZING TO METAL
12.3.8 GLAZING T O ALUMINIUM
12.3.9 FIXING MIRRORS
12.3.10 CLEANING DOWN AND PAINTING
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY MSC1

CIVIL ENGTNEERTNG AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XI

The type of materials and nominal thicknesses of glass shall be as required in

the particular Specification or shown on the drawings.
1

The Contractor shall replace all cracked or broken glass and clean all glazing
on both sides and all mirrors prior to handling over.
-
L
- _ , --_ -The ~ o ~ t r a c t shil
o r submit samples of all glass to be used on thi! works to + -- -
the Superintendent for approval.

12.2 MATERIALS

The types and quality of glass used shall not be in any case inferior to the
following:

12.2.1 Clear Sheet Glass. as follows:

Clear sheet glass shall be flat-drawn clear sheet glass,

complying with B.S. 952 latest edition Section 1, ref. 4.a (ii)
"Selected Glazing Quality" and free from scratches, blemishes,
airholes, bubbles and all other defects. I

Clear Sheet Glass Table 12.2.1

., .
--

Limits of Thickness Approximate Weight

mrn kgtsq. m
2.75 - 3.05 7
3.10 - 3.50 8
3.90 - 4.30 9
-
4.65 5.25 11
5.30 - 5.80 14
6.25 - 6.75 16
12.2.2 Clear Plate glass. As Follows:

Plate glass shall be cast, rolled, or drawn glass ground and

polished on both surfaces, complying with B.S. 952, latest
edition, Section 1, ref 6A (i) "Glazing Quality for Glazing" and
free from scratches, blemishes and all other defects.

Clear Plate Glass Table 12.2.2

Limits of Thickness Approximate Weight

mm kg1sq.m

12.2.3 Clear Float Glass

Clear float glass were required, shall be 6mm thick or as

shown on the drawings and of an approved make.

12.2.4 Translucent GIu s , as Follows;

Translucent (obscure) glass be reeded glass to the

Superintendent's approval and complying with B.S. 952, latest
edition, Section No. 2 "Plain Rolled" and shall be free from
scratches blemishes and all other defects. I

Translucent Glass Table 12.2.4

- . -

Limits of Thickness Aplproximate Weight

mm kglsq. m

2.90 - 3.50 8
-
4.50 5.15 11
6.35 - 7.00 16

Translucent Absorbent & Insulating Glass

Translucent absorbent and insulating glass where required shall

be as specified in the particular Specifications.
 12.2.6 Wired Glass

Wired glass shall be either wired cast glass or polished wired

glass with 12.5mm square wire mesh 0.5mm in diameter or
hexagonal wired cast glass with 23mm hexagonal wire mesh
0.5mm in diameter, as called for in the particular specification
or as shown on the drawings. Wired glass shall comply with
B.S. 952, latest edition, Section No. 4.

Wired Glass Table 12.2.6

Limits of
Thickness (mm)

- ~ o u g Cast
h (square
mesh)

Polished (Square mesh)

Rough Cast (hexagonal

mesh)

12.2.7 Heat Absorbing Plate GI=

Heat absorbing glass shall comply with B.S. No. 952 Section
23, either. 'a' with a high light transmission not less than 70
percent,. or 'b' "55-60% light transmission with 25 percent
restriction of Solar Radiation", as called for in the particular
Specification or shown on the drawings and as follows:

Heat Absorbin? Plate Glass

Limits of Thickness Approx. Weight Nominal Thickness

mm kgJsq. m mm

4-6 11 4.76
5.5 - 7.5 16 6.35
 Minor glass shall be silvering quality polished plate glass
silvered on one side, copper-backed varnished and painted to
the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

Mirror glass shall be rectangular and of the size stated with bevelled
edges and four times drilled for fixing with chromium plated false
dome headed screws into prepared plugs let into walls.

12.2.9 Putty and Other Materials

Putty for glazing to soft wood other than non-absorbent hard woods
shall conform to type 1 of B.S. 544, and shall be of tropical grade
wood glazing.

Putty for glazing to metal and non-absorbent hard woods shall be

tropical grade mkllic glazing.
- -
-.- ---- - ---'
wood glazing shall be of the same timber as the frame and shall be-
splayed and rounded to the 'sizes shown on the drawings and neatly
mitred and bradded.

Metal glazing beads shall be supplied with metal windows, doors and
partitions and shall be sprung or screwed on as shown on the drawings
or according to the manufacturer's instructions.

12.3 WORKMANSHIP

12.3.1 Rebates
The rebates of old or new timber or metal sashes shall be thoroughly
cleaned and painted with one coat of oil paint, except the rebates of
hardwood sashes, in other than painted joinery which shall be
moistened with linseed oil. - - * _ . _..
-- 1 L

12.3.2 Beads and Wash Itam

Glass to doors and screens and other places where vibration may
occur, shall be bedded in wash leather, or putty, with timber beads
fixed with panel plus or brass caps and screws as described.

12.3.3 Cutting Allowance

A cutting allowance shall be made for expansion as follows:

Where the dimension of the pane is less than 30cm an allowance of

1.5mm of each edge.
 Where the dimension of the pane is greater than 30cm an allou.ance of
3mm at each edge.

12.3.4 Glazing To Wood With Beads

The rebates shall be previously treated with one coat of priming paint
and the bedding putty inserted. The glass shall be embedded in the
putty and secured by the beads. The bedding putty shall be trimmed
off level with the sight line to form a neat back putty and the painting
shall be carried out.

12.3.5 ng To Wood Without Beads

The rebates shall be previously treated with one coat of priming paint
and the bedding putty inserted. The glass shall be embedded in the
. putty and secured"sprigs. The front putty shall be-inserted to form a
- triangular mitred filling from the edge of the rehates to 2mm back
from the sight line. The bedding putty shall be trimmed off level with
sight line to form a neat back putty. When the putty has hardened
sufficiently the painting shall be d e d out and care shall be taken to
seal the joint between putty and glass by painting up to the sight line.

12.3.6 Glazing Without Putty

Where specified, wash leather, ribbon velvet, flannel, felt, asbestos,

rubber, plastic or similar materials shall be used in place of putty for
internal glazing in conjunction with beads. The material should be so
fitted as to cover all parts of the glass which will be covered by the
rebate and k ~ d The
. manufacturer's instructions shall be followed to
the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

12.3.7 Glazing To M e a
- ---., - , - -
Only glazing to metal with beads shall be permitEd. The rebates shall
be previously treated either by rustproofing or priming as described
elsewhere and the bedding putty inserted. The glass shall be
embedded in the putty and secured by the beads. The bedding putty
shall be trimmed off level with the sight line to form a neat back putty
and painting shall be carried out.
Glazing-

Glazing to aluminium shall be executed by bedding the edge of the

glass in approved P.V.C. or neoprene gasket. The gasket shall be
fixed to the edge of the glass and returned on each face for the full
width of the glazing beads. Any glazing strip left projecting beyond
the edge of the glazing beads shall be neatly trimmed with a sharp
knife after the pane is fixed. All panes shall be securely fixed between
bars and beads so as to prevent movement of the glass.

Fixine Mirrors

Mirrors shall be fixed to walls with rubber sleeves and chromium-plate

dome-headed screws driven into plugs prepared in walls.

Cleaning Down And Painting

The glass shall be cleaned inside and outside on completion. Cracked

and broken panes shall be replaced. Putty in gIazing shall not be
painted before seven days after glazing.
 KUWAIT 011. COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERA], SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XI11

PLUMBER AND GAS F I T E R

INDEX
PAGE NO,
GENERAL 1
MATERIALS 1
13.2.1 WATER VALVES 1
13.2.2 WATER MAINS 2
- -
WORKMANSHIP 2
13.3.1 EXTERNAL SERVICES 2
13.3.1.1 GUTTERS, RAINWATER 2
PIPES AND FITTINGS
13.3.1.2 FLASHINGS 2
13.3.1.3 PIPE SLEEVES 3
13.3.1.4 JOINTING OF PIPES & GUTTERS 3
13.3.1.5 FIXING 4
13.3.2 INTERNAL SERVICES 5
INTERNAL PIPEWORK 5
13.3.2.1 GENERAL 5
13.3.2.2 COLD WATER SUPPLY
13.3.2.3 HOT WATER SUPPLY --
1

13.3.2.4 JOINTS BETWEEN PIPES

13.3.2.5 CUTTING OF PIPES
13.3.2.6 STORAGE
13.3.2.7 DRAW OFF TAPS

13.4 SANITARY FITTINGS

13.4.1 SANITARY FITTINGS

13.4.1 SINKS
13.4.2 LAVATORY BASINS
13.4.3 BATHS
13.4.4 SHOWER TRAYS
 PAGE NO,

WATER CLOSET SUITES 10

13.4.5.1 ASIATIC WATER CLOSET

SUITES 10

13.4.5.2 EUROPEAN WATER CLOSET

SUITES 11

URINALS 11
SUNDRIES 11
ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS 11
BUILDER'S WORK 12
TESTING 13
G-AS FllTER - 14
CLEANING - 14
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGWJ?ERTNG AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XITI

PLUMBER AND GAS FITTER

GENERAL

The Contractor shall provide all materials, labour, equipment, plan and
incidental required to execute complete and maintain the works. The
Contractor shall carry out the tests required under the supervision of the
Superintendent, and shall make good and replace any defective work. The
Contractor shall be responsible for protection of all plumbing from any
damage whether due to the con-current work of the other trades or otherwise
and shall clean up upon completion leaving all works in perfect working order
and to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

MATERIAL

13.2.1 Water Valves

Draw off taps and stop valves shall comply with the
requirements of B.S. 1010 (Draw off taps and stop valves for
water service (screw 'down pattern).

The taps and valves shall be of brass of gun metal, the castings
in all respects round good free from laps, blow holes and
pitting and both internal and external surfaces clean and
smooth. The bodies, heads, spindles and other parts shall be
truly machines. The area of the waterway throughout the body .. -

shall be not less than 'the area of a' circle of diameter equal to
the nominal size of the tap or valve.

"Easy Clean" covers shall be threaded for attachment to the

head. All crutches and tops shall be on close fit on the spindle
and shall be fixed by a screw, rivet or other equally efficient
device in any suitable position. No crutch or top shall be
screwed to the spindle.

13.2.2 Water Mains

1

Water mains used to convey brackish or fresh water shall be

asbestos cement pipe to IS0 Recommendation R 160, Series 11,
15 kgf/cm2.
 Cast iron pipes buried underground shall be coated as described in this
Specification under "Drain layer".

Special fittings for either the asbestos cement or cast iron pipe shall be
to B.S. 78 Grade "C".

Sluice valves shall be to B.S. 1218, Class 2, opening in an anti-

clockwise direction. The valves shall be complete with valve caps,
forged bronze spindles and gun metal nuts and double faced with four
gun metal faces. Flanges shall be drilled to B.S. 78, Appendix A,
Table "C". Joining shall be as described in this Specification.

The water mains shall be tested prior to being buried or otherwise

covered. The valve joining the water mains to the main supply shall
be closed and t k open ends of the main at the water tank stopped with
- '
appropriate means. A test pressure of 10 atmospheres shall be applied
by means of a boaster pump or other approved means. The test
pressure shall be held for a period of at least 2 hours and the mains
and joints inspected for leaks or defects. All leakages shall be made
good and all defective parts replaced such that the system passes the
test to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

13.3 WORKMANSHIP

13.3.1 External Services

13.3.1.1 Gutters. Rainwater Pipes and Fittines

These shall be as required by the particular

Specification or shown on the drawings and selected
from the following:
-
1. Asbestos cerrient to B. S.569
ii. Cast iron to B.S. 460 and B.S. 1205
iii. Aluminium to B.S. 2997
iv. Approved enamelled iron pipe (for special
decorative effects)
v. Unplasticised P.V.C. pipes to B.S. 3506.

13.3.1.2 Flashings

Flashings shall be one of the following:

i. Cold rolled annealed copper sheet 0.5mm thick.

ii. Lead Sheet, 1.2mm thick.

 iii. Aluminium sheet 0.8mm thick, flashings shall
be properly dressed into corrugations of sheeting
or gutters including forming upstands and drips.
Cover and stepped flashing shall be 15cm high
and the top edges nkatly turned into joints of
brick or block work to a depth of 19mm wedged
and pointed in cement mortar.

All pipe sleeves shall be built in as the walls, fittings,

etc., are laid up. All pipes passing through fittings,
floors, walls, etc., (except for piping passing through
egterior walls) shall be provided with pipe sleeves and
- shall be cast iron, P.V.C. or gal-vVanizedsteel pipes or
as directed and shown on the drawings.

13.3.1.4 Jointine of P i ~ e sand Gutters

Asbestos cement gutters shall be jointed with a cold

caulking compound and rust-proofed steel gutter bolts.
Asbestos cement pipes shall be telescoped; i.e. the
socket end against the direction of flow and left
unjointed.

Cast iron gutters shall be jointed with red lead or white

lead putty and rust-proof gutter bolts. Cast iron rain
. water pipes shall be jointed with red and white putty
when used externally or with tarred yam gasking and
molten lead when used internally.

Aluminium gutters .and pipes &ill be joirited 'by a

double welted seam without the use of solder.
 Enamelled iron pipes shall be jointed with tarred
gasking and red lead.

Unplasticized P.V.C. pipes shall be jointed with

.- approved solvent cement or as directed. The jointing
surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried before
cement is applied.

13.3.1.5. Fixing

All gutters, pipes, heads, offsets, shoes, etc., shall be

fixed as shown on the drawings or as directed in the
particular Specification.
..
~gutters
i l shall be fixed complete-with all necessary
angles, square and obtuse, right a?td left hand, external
and internal. All necessary stop ends, stop end outlets,
socket and spigot drops, double socket clips tees and
nozzle pieces, double end nozzle pieces, double socket
clips etc., shall be provided and fixed. A copper wire
balloon guard shall be provided and fixed in each gutter
outlet.
**
Gutter brackets are to be of stout metal of the same
relative heavy make as the gutters, except that
galvanized steel be used for asbestos cements. The
brackets shall be of the screw-on-to fascia type
whenever possible and shall strictly correspond with the
gutters in pattern and mould. At least one bracket shall
be provided for each gutter length and shall be painted
when required before fixing. --
~ainwatirpipes and -fittings s h z b e fixed to the wall
by approved holderbats or other means plugged and
screwed into the wall. Where required, the pipes and
fittings shall first be fitted then removed, to allow for
painting or rough-cash finishes to be applied and they
shall then be refitted and jointed.

Care shall be taken that the bottom pipe length in each

vertical stack of asbestos cement pipes is of soil
quality .
 13.3.2 Internal Services

Internal Pipework

13.3.2.1 General
All pipework shall be planned so that the piping is
accessible for inspection, replacement and repair.
Where it is necessary for a pipe to pass through a wall
or floor a sleeve shall be fixed therein to receive the
pipe.
In industrial buildings, where means of identifying pipe
& necessary, the decoration of water supply or gas
pipework shall be in accord&e with the Standard
colours for Company use.

Solid drawn copper tubes complying with B.S. 659,

Table 1, Water and Gas Quality with capillary or
compression fittings of copper alloy complying with
B.S. 864.

Galvanized seamless screwed and socketed and socketed

steel tubes to B.S. 1387 heavy tubes, with galvanized
malleable cast iron fittings to B.S. 143.

Lead pipes shall comply with B.S. 602 and B.S. 1085.

Pipework shall be fixed with "school-board" pattern

brackets, pipe rings or purpose made straps.
-- .-
Maximum spacing of pipe fixins-shall be as follows:

Nominal Size Internal for Horizontal Internal for Vertical

of Pipes (mm) Runs (cm) Run (cm)

12.700 180 240

19.05-25.400 240 300
31.750-50.800 300 360
63.500 & above 360 360
.
Delivery pipework from water storage tanks shall be
installed so as to avoid airlocks in the system.
Cold Water SUD&

Fresh water shall be provided for all washing, drinking

and culinary draw off points and brackish water
provided for lavatories and garden watering draw off
points.

A stop lock shall installed in an accessible position at

point of entry into the building on both fresh and
brackish water service pipework. Unplasticised P. V. C
pipes shall comply with with B.S 3503 with
compression Bttings of brass and gun metal as required.

Hot Water Supply

The cold water feed pipe shall leave the storage tank at
a distance of not less than 25mm above the bottom of
the cistern and connect into the hot water cylinder near
its bottom. It shall be not less than 25mm bore and
shall not deliver water anywhere but to the cylinder.
An expansion pipe shall be installed of not less than
19mm bore from the hot water cylinder to a point of
15cm above the overflow level of and to discharge into
the cold water storage tank. The pipe shall be of a
length to include an allowance of 13mm for each 30cm
in the height of the overflow level above the bottom of
the hot water cylinder.

The distribution pipe shall leave the top of the hot water
cylinder and be of not less than 25mm bore branch pipe
to appliances shall generally be: wash basin 13mm,
baths 19mm, sinks 1.3mm. . -
--
Joints Between Pipes

m ~ e to r similar pipes; Approved capillary or

compression fittings (B.S. 864) fixed in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions.
Copper to steel: With approved iron fittings fixed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
-per to steel to cast iron: With approved caulking
bushes and jointed as for cast iron to cast iron in this
S~ecificationunder Drainlaver.
Copmr or steel to salt glazed Ceramic: As under Drain
layer, in this Specification.

Cast iron to salt-elazed; As for ceramic.

Cast iron to asbestos; Bolted flange joints.

per or steel to asbestos; Special connector screwed

into hole drilled and tapped in wall of asbestos pipes.

Beel to steel; With B.S. 2 1 taper thread screwed and

socketed joints in red lead and gasking.

to lead; With neatly executed -wiped solder joints.

..
Ynplastlclsed P.V.C. pi~e2;~it6cementedspigot with
brass and gunmetal compression fittings or with flanges.

Flexible connections where specified shall be of an

approved quality . Joints between different metallic
materials shall be made with suitable insulators to
prevent electrolytic action.

Joints between the waste pipes and lavatory basins,

drinking fountains, traps of sinks, baths, showers, etc.,
shall be made with suitable screwed unions in the case
of wrought iron or steel, by compression fittings in the
case of copper, by caulked run lead joints in the case of
cast iron, and by wiped soldered joints in the case of
lead. In all cases, provision shall be made for cleaning
the traps in the event of blockages.-
-
Wastes of sinks, lavatory basins, ek., shall be set into
the appliances with white lead and secured with screw
fittings.
13.3.2.5 Cuttine of Pipes

All cuts shall be square to the pipe axis by approved

means and all burrs shall be removed. The use of pipe
appliances which diminish the bore of the pipe shall not
be permitted.

Storage cistern shall be provided with close fitting

removable covers and the cistern supplied with water
through a float operated valve rigidly fixed to the
cistern.
...
he cistern shall be provided with:an overflow pipe of
an internal diameter not less tharrtwice that of the inlet
'
pipe and in no case less than 3.2cm. The pipe shall be
fixed to an initial vertical drop of at least 60cm and
then as great as possible and so arranged that its outlet
is in a conspicuous external position where any
discharge of water can be readily seen.

All delivery pipes from the storage cistern shall be

provided with stop valves as close as possible to the
cistern.

Storage cistern shall be fixed in such positions as will

enable the interiors to be readily inspected and cleaned.
The cistern shall be supported on bares.

13.3.2.7 Draw off Traps

.. -
Taps shall normally -be 'Easy chW. The level of the
point of discharge of water from a tap supplying a bath,
wash basin, sink or similar appliances shall not less
than 13mm above the spillover level of the appliance.

The hot tap and the cold tap shall be distinguished by

colour identification, the hot tap should be clearly
marked in red and when hot and cold taps are provided
together the hot tap should normally be on the left hand
side.
 13.4 SANITARY FITTINGS
All sanitary fittings shall be of an approved quality obtained from an approved
manufacturer. Sanitary fittings and their connections, services, waste, etc., shall be
, I
located as shown on the drawings and shall be designed and installed to the
satisfaction of the Superintendent.

Unless otherwise required by the particular Specification or shown on the drawings,

the quality and sizes of the fittings shall be according to B.S. Standards as follows:

13.4.1 Sinks
Sinks shall be either white glazed fireclay complying with B.S. 1206
of stainless steel-complyingwith BS 1244 with two 12.7mm diameter
- chromium plafed bibcocks, combined overfl~w and 38.100mm
diameter trapped waste, plug and chain. Sinks-shall be fixed on pair
. of cantilever brackets built into wall or on frame and supports of
25.400mm diameter galvanized steel pipe or on blockwork piers as
detailed on the drawings, or directed by the Superintendent. Sinks
shall be 60cm x 76cm x 45cm unless otherwise it is shown on the
drawings or indicated in the Particular Specification.

13.4.2 Lavatorv Basins

Lavatory Basins shall be white enamelled glazed fireclay complying

with B.S. 1188 size 56 x 40cm weighing approximately 20 Kg fitted
with two 12.7001nmdiameter chromium plated pillar valves combined
overflow and 3 1.750mm diameter trapped waste, plug and chain.
Lavatory basins shall be fixed on pair of cantilever brackets built into
walls.

-
Baths

Bath tubs shall be white porcelain enamelled cast iron complying with
B.S. 1189 with rectangular tops and side and end panels where
required, fitted with two 19.00mm diameter chromium plated pillar
valves, 31.75mrn overflow and 40mm diameter trapped waste, plug
and chain. Where baths are fitted with a shower this shall be of either
the overhead type or the telephone type with flexible tubing complete
with supporting arms for spray and having a directing valve assembly
fixed to the bath.
 In all cases, the show hose and exposed piping shall be chromium
plated and the connections to such shovels shall be through a
chromium plated mixing valve. The baths and showers shall be fixed
as detailed on the drawings or directed by the Superintendent.

Baths shall be size 168cm long x 71cm wide. The bath panel with
appropriate for the bath and shall be fitted in accordance with the
manufacturer's instruction.

Both bath and panel shall be neatly pointed with mastic or neat white
cement where in contact with wall finishings.

13.4.4 Shower Trav~

- -- Trays shall be s i k 76cm x 76cm x 17.8cm deep-ihite glazed fireclay
with weir overflow and outlet for 5cm waste complete with trap and
waste. The shower tray shall be bedded in cement mortar and neatly
pointed in mastic or white cement where in contact with or wall
finishings.

Water Closet Suites

13.4.5.1 Asiatic Water Closet Suites

The closets shall normally be wash down type. Asiatic

suites shall be sea-water resistant and shall comprise
white glazed fireclay squatting slab, pan, 'S' or 'P' trap
with lOcm bore outlet, two gallon capacity high or low
level white enamelled cast iron or white glazed fireclay
or plastic flushing cistern fixed to walls with cantilever
. >
brackets or concealed fixings, 3.5cm (high level) or
4cm (hiw level) diameter flush&xs non-corroding
valveless syphon, 13mm l~w-~res&eball valve and
union, 19mm overflow and union and either flushing
handle or pull and chain. In a position adjacent to each
Asiatic Water Closet, a suitable water draw off point
shall be provided. A flush valve may be installed
instead of the flushing arrangement described above if
required. The pan shall be bedded in cement mortar
and pointed in mastic or white cement up to wall and
floor finishings and jointed to drain.
 13.4.5.2 Euro~eanWater Closet Suites

European suites shall compromise white or coloured

glazed fireclay pan complying with BS 1213 weighing
approximately 20kg and having 'S' or 'P' trap with
lOcm bore outlet, two-gallon capacity high or low level
white or coloured enamelled cast iron or white or
coloured glazed fireclay flushing cistern fixed to walls
with cantilever brackets or concealed fixings 3.5cm
(high level) or 4cm (low level) diameter flush pipe,
non-corroding valveless syphon, 13cmm low-pressure
ball valves and union, 19mm overflow and union, either
flushing handle or pull and chain, and with double flap
solid section plastic sing seat complying with B.S.
1254. -
The pan shall be secured to the floor and jointed to
drain.

13.4.6 Urinals

Urinals shall be either wall fitting bowl type of white glazed fireclay
or stall type of white glazed fireclay. The bowl type shall be
supported on steel brackets cut and pinned to wall and shall have
chromium plated flat grating and outlet. The stall type shall comprise
back slabs, divisions returned ends, floor treads, channel with returned
ends and chromium plated removable domical grating and outlet.
Flushing cisterns of sufficient capacity shall be connected through flush
pipes and sparge pipes of copper, chromium plated where required.
Where required seawater resisting flushing shall be used.

- . 13.4.7 . Sundries - -- .
--
The following fittings shall be provided:

i. Adjacent to European water closet a porcelain, chromium

plated or white-enamelled paper holder.

ii. To wall adjacent to lavatory basin a chromium plated to white

enamelled towel rail with end brackets.

iii. Adjacent to bath a recessed porcelain soap tray, with a hand

hold.

iv. Mirror over wash basins of approved quality and make.

 Electric Water Heaters

Thermal storage electric water heaters shall be of low pressure

thermostatically controlled type complying with B.S.' 843 and BS 3456
Section 2.7 immersion electric heaters shall further comply with BS
3456 Section 2.21. Thermostats shall comply with BS 3955.
Notwithstanding the stipulations of these Standards Specifications,
thermal storage electric water heaters and their installation shall be in
accordance with K.O.C.General Specification for Electrical Works.

The water heater shall consist of an inner and outer container, thermal
insulation between the containers and immersion heater, thermostat,
pipe fittings and safety valve.
...
- . The inner contaker shall be of heavy gauge cop$r sheet with double
lap longitudinal and circumferential shell joints. All joints shall be
brazed. The inner container shall be tinned internally and fitted with
B.S.P.T. water connections.

The inlet pipe shall enter from the bottom and shall be fitted with a
non-return valve. Outlet pipe can enter the container from the top or
bottom. The arrangement of inlet and outlet pipes inside the inner
container shall not permit, emptying the inner container of water under
any condition except through the drain connection.

The inner container shall withstand a pressure of up to 3.5 kg/sq.cm.

The outer container of high grade sheet steel rust proofed with two
coats of anti-rust paint inside and outside, and finished in stone
enamel. The space between the inner and outer containers to be
padded with efficient thermal lagging. -
a - .
Water heaters of up 'to 76 litres-capacity shall be provided with
substantial lugs, for wall mountings; water heaters of greater capacity
, shall be foot mounted.

The immersion heater to be of the sheathed wire element, non

withdrawable type, having a hexagonal flange with 32mm B.S.P.T.
The regulation of the water temperature adjustment shall be not less
than 32°C to 82°C (90"to 180°F).

The outer case shall be provided with a suitable entry for 19mm or
25.4 electric conduit for the electric connections.
Water heaters of up to 76 litres capacity shall be suitable for operation
from a 240 volt 50 C.P.S. electric supply; heaters of greater capacity
shall be suitable for operating from a 415 volt, 3 phase 4 wire 50
C.P.S. electric supply.

Builder's Works

Where pipes are. fixed on the surface of walls, the Contractor shall
perform all cutting and pinning for holderbats or plugging and
screwing for pipe clips. Where pipes are conce&d in the walls, etc.,
the Contractor shall perform all cutting and subsequent making good.
Pipes through walls or floors shall pass through approved sleeves and
covers at points of emergence shall be provided. All builder's work
by the plumber shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike fashion
and the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

When the installation has been completed to the satisfaction of the

Superintendent, it shall be tested in the following manner:

The entire system of hot and cold, brackish and fresh water shall be
slowly filled with water allowing any trapped air to escape and
avoiding all shock or water hammer.

-
All 6urlets shall then be closed and the $stems checked for
watertightness.

A test pressure shall be applied to each system at point selected by the

Superintendent and retained for a period of at least 24 hours. The
entire system shall then be checked for leaks and defects.

Finally, after the test pressure is released, each outlet shall then be
checked for rate of flow and correct operation.
 The Contractor shall provide all facilities for the testing and make
good any defects to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.

13.4.11 Gas Fitter

\

13.4.11.1 The specification notes for installation of gas pipework

shall be as described in Clause 13.3.2.1 above.

Every gas installation shall be controlled by a cock or

valve fitted in an accessible position on the inlet side of
the gas pressure regulator. In addition, a cock or valve
shall be fitted to isolate each appliance.

Testing
-
When a gas installation is c o m p k k , it shall be tested
by applying a strong solution of soapy water to each
joint after allowing gas pressure to build up to normal
operating pressure against each appliance. Each joint
shall then be examined for leaks and each appliance
shall be ignited and tested for proper functioning.

The Contractor shall carefully clean out all cold water and hot water
tanks, service pipes, sanitary fittings throughout, traps and wastes.
The Contractor shall also overhaul and make good all flushing valves,
check regulating vaIves, check taps including rewashering as necessary
and leave all works in perfectly clean and working condition.
 KUWAIT 011 COMPANY (KSCL

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XIV

PAINTING AND DECORATING -

INDEX
PAGE NO.

14.1 GENERAL
14.2 MATERIALS
KNOrrlNG :
STOPPING
FILLER
PUl-rY
PETRIFYING LIQUID
PAINT REMOVER
CELLULOSE PAINT
VINYL PAPER
WOOD STAIN
WOOD VARNISH

14.3 WORKMANSHIP
14.4 PREPARATION OF SURFACES
I 4.5 PLASTER, CEMENTISAND RENDERING,
BLOCK WORK & CONCRETE

14.5.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES 4

. . < % -.. , .- .. --

14.5.1.2 BLOCK AND BRICK WORK 4

14.5.1.3 PLASTER & RENDERING SURFACE 5

14.5.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES 5

14.6 IRON AND STEEL 5

14.6.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES 5

14.6.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES 6
14.6.3 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES OF
KITCHEN EQUIPMENT 6
 14.7 GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACES 6
PAGE NO.

14.8 NON-FERROUS METAL

14.8.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES

14.8.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES
I 1

14.9 TIMBER SURFACES

-.
*
14.9.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES
14.9.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES

14.10 BUILDING BOARD OR ACOUSTIC TILES UNPAINTED

OR PREVIO.USLY PAINTED SURFACES

14.11 PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF PAINTS 8

- -
14.1 1.1 PREPARATION 8
14.1 1.2 . APPLICATION 8

14.12 PAINTING 8

14.12.1 IRON AND STEEL 10

14.12.1.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES 10

14.12.1.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES 11
14.12.1.3 STEEL FENCING 11
14.12.1.4 MACHINERY & TA,NK SKIRTINGS 11
.14.12.1.5 PIPE & IDENTIFICATION
COLOUR 11

14.12.2 NON-FERROUS METALS 11

-
14.12.2.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES . - *- 11
14.12.2.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES 12

14.12.3 PLASTER CEMENTISAND RENDERING BLOCKWORK

BRICKWORK AND CONCRETE OR ASBESTOS 12

14.12.3.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES

(INTERNALLY) 12
14.12.3.2 UNPAINTED SURFACES
(EXTERNALLY I 12
14.12.3.3 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES
(INTERNALLY) 12
14.12.3.4 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES
(EXTERNALLY) 13
 PAGE NO.

I!
14.1 2 . 4 TIMBER SURFACES 13

14.12.4.1 UNPAINTED SURFACES 13

14.1 2.4.2 PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES 14

14.1 2 . 5 BUILDING BOARDS ACOUSTIC TILES 14

14.1 2.5.1 BUILDING BOARDS

14.1 2.5.2 ACOUSTIC TILES
1 4 . 1 2.5.3 ASBESTOS CEMENT
-
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC)

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XIV
I!

PAINTING AND DECORATING

13.1 GENERAL

The Contractor shall provide all labour, materials, scaffolding tools

and implements required for preparation of surfaces, application of
paint, making good any defects and cleaning of any paint splashes t o
other works. .-.
-
All materials shall be obtained from manufacturers- approved by
K.O.C. and shall be supplied to Site(s) in manufacturer's sealed and
branded containers. Samples of materials proposed by the Contractor
shall be submitted to the Superintendent as soon as possible after
signing the Contract. The Superintendent shall have the right t o
request tests t o be conducted on Siteb) or in K.O.C.'s laboratory or
other approved laboratory prior t o approving such materials for use on
the Works.

The mixing of materials of different brands before or during

application shall not be permitted. No dilution of painting materials
shall be allowed except strictly as detailed by the manufacturers and
as approved by the Superintendent. Where the application of the
required number of coats has been applied and in the opinion of the
Superintendent additional coats are required to obtain a satisfactory
finish, the additional coats shall be at the Contractor's expense.
- a -- - .?
-. .. - -
Biushes, pails, kettles and other implements or tools used in painting
or preparation of work shall be clean and free from foreign matter.
They shall also be cleaned thoroughly before being used for different
types or classes of material or colours.

14.2 MATERIALS

14.2.1 Knotting

A solution of shellac for sealing the resinous exudation

from knots in timber. An alternative type of composition
contains flake aluminium. Knotting shall be in
accordance with B.S. 1336 latest edition.
 A stopper shall be of stiff paste composition to be used
for filling holes and crevices before painting.

Filler

Filler shall be liquid or paste composition suitable for

filling pores, cracks, joints and blemishes in surfaces,
applied by brush or knife.

&ax.
Putty shall be best
.. . tropical'quality.

- ' Petrifvina Liauid

Petrifying liquid shall be used undiluted as supplied by

the manufacturer. A small quantity of water paint of the
finishing colour may be mixed with the petrifying liquid.

Paint Remover

Only spirit-rinsable or water rinsable solvent paint

removers shall be used.

Cellulose Paint

Cellulose paint shall be that normally used by the

Company approved in writing by the Superintendent.

Vinvl Paoer - - _ . --
--
Vinyl paper shall be heavy duty vinyl faced wall-paper by
an approved manufacturer.

Wood Stain

Stain for woodwork shall be an approved brand of stain.

Wood Varnish

Varnish for woodwork shall be an approved brand of

exterior oil varnish.
Every possible precaution shall be taken up by the Contractor to keep
down dust during the painting process or preparation therefore
including as necessary the cleaning of each room beforehand and the
dampening of floors.

No paint shall be applied to surfaces structurally or superficially damp

and all surfaces must be ascertained t o be free from condensation,
efflorescence, etc., before the application of each coat.

Prepared, primed or undercoated work shall not be left exposed or in

an unsuitable situation for an undue period before completion of the
painting process. No exterioror exposed painting shall be carried out
under adverse weather cori&tions such as rain, extreme- humidity,
dust storms, etc.
-

Metal or other fittings such as ironmongery, switch covers, etc., not

required to be painted shall first be fitted and then removed before
the preparatory processes are commenced. When all painting has
been completed, the fittings shall be cleaned and refixed in position.

Painting work shall preferably be shaded from direct sunlight to avoid

blistering and wrinkling. Wherever possible, painting of exterior
surfaces shall "follown the sun such that it is carried out in the
shadow.

Before use, paints shall be stirred in their original container until

smooth and well mixed.

PREPARATION OF SURFACES

The term preparation, as here used, includes not only Gi?cleaning,

smoothing or similar operations that may be required, but also
provision for any waiting or maturing period needed to ensure that the
material to be painted attains a suitably stable condition.

To be ready for painting a surface shall be clean, dry and sound, not
friable or unduly absorbent and as far as is possible, have reached a
stable condition. the surface should also be smooth enough to make
it possible to produce the particular quality of paint finish required.

The preparation work shall include, hacking out all loose or defective
putties to glazing, cleaning rebates applying one coat of primer and
making good with putty, including those rebates where the old putty
has fallen out. Power assisted cleaning processes shall be used if
 specified, and shall be in the form of power driven hammers, or
grinding machines.

All prepared surfaces shall be inspected and approved by the Superintendent

prior to starting paint work.
'
I

14.5 PLASTER, CEMENTISAND RENDERING. BLOCKWORK BRICKWORK AND

CONCRETE

14.5.1 Ynoainted Surfaces

14.5.1.1 Concrete Surfaces

Concrete surfaces to be painted shall be patched

with portland cement grout, (where the
~Gerintendentdeems it nec&sary) filling all
cracks, depressions, air holes and similar voids in
order to provide smooth surface for painting.

Form oil or mould release oil shall be removed

from concrete surfaces using a suitable solvent
followed by a neutralizer. All foreign matter shall
be removed from concrete surfaces to be painted
including grit, dirt, loose materials, mortar
dropping together with all nibs, projections or
protuberances in the concrete.

Concrete surfaces which are too smooth to

satisfactorily receive paint finish shall be treated
to obtain better adhesion by etching surface with
a solution of muriatic acid (mixed 1 0 parts water
to 1 part of 35% Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) for 15-
2 0 minutes, rinsing:thorsughly with clean water,
neutralizing by flushing with a<dlution of K part
of household ammonia to 1 gallon of water and
again rinse thoroughly before painting to prevent
underfilm contamination of paint. No etching of
concrete will be allowed with permission from the
Superintendent.

14.5.1.2 Block and Brick Work

All surfaces shall be thoroughly brushed and

cleaned of all grit, grease, dirt, mortar droppings
or splatters and other foreign matter and ribs or
projection removed from masonry surfaces.
 Cracks, holes or voids, shall be filled with
portland cement grout and the surface shall be
bagged so that it has approximately the same
texture as the adjacent surface.

14.5.1.3 Plaster and Renderina Surfaces

Painting of surfaces shall be delayed as long as

possible to permit maximum drying. All surfaces
shall have all nibs or other projections scraped off
and be sanded smooth or otherwise finished to
match adjoining surface texture. All scratches,
cracks, holes,' depressions and similar voids shall
be;:cut and filled with non-shrinking grout,
patching plaster or other approved patching
material, allowed to dry, refilled if necessary, then
sanded smooth or refinished to provide a flush,
smooth surface of the same texture as the
adjacent plaster surface.

Hack off loose or defective plaster or rendering and neatly

make good with similar plaster or cement and sand and match
the surrounding area. Cut out cracks, withdraw nails, screws,
plugs and the like from surfaces and make good with an
approved filler.

14.6 IRON AND STEEL

All iron and steel surface, (excluding the internal surface of fresh water
-.
-tanks and structural steelwork to be protected for rhelfirsf time-or re-
protected with flinkote, cola tar epoxy paint or the like).

g n ~ a i n t e dSurfaces

Chip and scrape loose mill scale. Remove oil and grease from
the surface with approved solvent and thoroughly wire brush,
run down and leave the surfaces clean free from all dirt, dust,
oil, grease, rust, residue of previous treatments, chemical
pollution and abrasive residue.
 Previouslv Painted Surfaces

Chip and scrape rusted areas. Thoroughly wire brush to

remove loose paints, touch up rusty areas with an approved
primer followed by one complete coat of an approved primer to
the entire surface. Apply 2 coats of Alkyd enamel.

14.6.3 Previouslv Painted Surfaces of Kitchen Eauioment

Thoroughly rub down with wet and dry paper t o remove loose
paint and rusted areas, bring forward worn or bare parts with
cellulose filler, dented or damaged areas with approved filler.
Run down and leave the surface free from all dirt, dust, oil,
grease and abrasive residues, including cleaning with approved
solvents ~ h e r e ~ n e c e s s aand
r y leave ready to-receive cellulose
- ,. spray finish. -
All soft-timber shall be treated with approved anti-termite paint
prior t o fixing.

14.7 GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACES

Galvanized steel surfaces shall be cleaned t o remove grease and dirt before
priming. Where rusting has occurred through damage t o the galvanizing,
such rust shall be removed by wire brush t o clean the surface then apply
one coat of wash primer followed by one coat of phenolated alkyd with zinc
chromate followed by t w o coats of alkyde enamel.

14.8 NON-FERROUS METAL

14.8.1 U n ~ a i n t e dSurfaces

The surfaces in contact witti.~corii5rete,-+>ime-mortar and

brickwork shall be treated with a heavy c o a t b f bitumen paint.
The surface of the metal shall be clean, dry and free from
grease including deposits of lubricants used in the manufacture
of the material.

Highly polished surface conditions shall be scrubbed with an

approved solvent, then abraded with abrasive paper and finally
rinsed with successive portions of clean solvent on clean cloth
or swabs.
 Proprietary compositions designed to each the surface after
degreasing can be used, strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

Surface corrosion on aluminium shall. be removed only by

stainless steel wire brushes.

Previouslv Painted Surfaces

Chip and scrape rusted areas, thoroughly wire brush and clean
surfaces and also remove loose paint and apply one coat of
zinc chromate primer t o internal surfaces and t w o coats of zinc
chromate t o external surfaces of bare metal. Bring forward
worn or bare pans with undercoating. Run down and leave the
remaining surf5ces free from all dirt, dust; oil, grease and
'' abrasive residues including cleaning with approved solvents
where necessary.

14.9 TIMBER SURFACES

All surfaces of parts t o be joined, but not glued, shall receive one coat of
priming paint and wherever practicable should be brought together while the
paint is still wet.

Unpainted timber surface shall be sanded to remove all

roughness, loose edges, silvers, or splinters and then brushed
t o remove dust. Grease or dirt shall be washed off with an
approved cleaner and all cracks, splits, nail holes, screw holes
and surface defects filled with putty after the priming coat has
- -.- .* . .. i . been applied. Putty shall be brought up flush with the surfac.e,, - ,
sanded smooth and'touched-up with primer-when dry. Putty
in varnished work shall match finish colour. Knots and sappy
areas shall be covered with t w o coats of shellac after priming.

Where joinery timber units which have been shop primed are
subsequently cut or the primer damaged during building
operations the area so exposed shall be primed.

All soft-timber shall be treated with approved anti-termite paint

prior t o fixing.
 14.9.2 Previouslv Painted Surfaces

All unsound painted surfaces shall be removed by glass paper or

liquid paint remover, the knots, sealed and the bare timber given
one coat of primer and then brought forward with undercoating.

Sound painted surfaces shall be washed clean and lightly rubbed

down with glass paper.

Cracks and holes shall be stopped with a suitable filler. the whole
surface shall be left smooth free from dust, loose or powdery
material and left clean.

I f the surface t o be painted is to receive a different type of finish,

the existing &eatment shall be thorougMy cleaned off using
- approved solvent based paint remover, i f necessary, and then
prepared as described under unpainted surfaces above before the
new treatment is applied.

14.10 BUILDING BOARD OR ACOUSTIC TILES

UNPAINTED OR PREVIOUSLY PAINTED SURFACES

Surfaces shall be brushed down t o remove all dirt loose or powdery material
and left clean.

14.1 1 PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF PAINTS

Purpose made pots and kettles of a size appropriate to the work

shall always be used. Miscellaneous tins will not be permitted.
-
- -
--
14.1 1.2 A~~lication

All paint pots and kettles used on the site shall be clean. They
shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used for a different type
o f a colour of paint and emptied and cleaned with a suitable
solvent each day after use.

Only those additions and mixtures which are expressly permitted

on container labels or in manufacturer instructions shall be made.

Where t w o pack materials are involved, the specified preparation

shall be used and the mixing must be thorough and complete.
Materials shall not be used when either the shelf life, or pot
life, has been exceeded.

Ready mixed paints shall be well stirred and strained free from
skins and other foreign matter before application through a
phosphor bronze wire sieve of 60 and 120 gauge.

Application of priming paint shall always be by brush.

Undercoating and finishing coats may be applied by brush,
roller or spray equipment.

Painting shall not be carried out under conditions in which

water is liable to condense on the surface. No painting will be
attempted when the relative humidity is greater than 80% or
dust laden vyihds are blowing.

Where there are two or more successive coats of the same

paint, each successive coat shall be of a different colour for
ease of identification and to avoid misses.

Each coat shall be thoroughly dry and lightly rubbed down,

prior to application of a further coat.

Adequate protection shall be-given to floors pavings, furniture,

fittings, fixtures by the erection and maintenance of adequate
covers and subsequent clearing away of such protection.
Furniture shall be moved as may be necessary and later
positioned. Doors and window furniture shall be removed and
fixed upon completion of the painting.

The finished paint work shall be visually inspected and judged

for: -
--
i. Uniformity of finish and colour.
ii. Uniform and complete obscuration of the ground.
iii. Freedom from blemishes, e.g., sagging, runs wrinkling,
far edges, entrained paint skins, dust bare or starved
patches and cracks.
iv. Freedom from tackiness.
v. Freedom from conspicuous brush marks and ladders.
vi. General cleanliness and no disfigurement of neighbouring
surfaces.

Defects shall be corrected before final acceptance of work.

 PAINTING

14.12.1.1 Iron and Steel

Pipes and fittings secured to unpainted surfaces shall be

finished in a colour which matches the ground to which they
are fixed.

14.12.1.1 Ynoainted Surfaces

Interior and external surfaces shall be primed with

an approved shop primer.

Wherever practicable iron and steelwork shall be

given the first coat of primer by the manufacturer
before delivery of the material to site.

Structural iron and steelwork (excluding oil and

water storage tanks) not shop primed shall be
painted with one coat of primer before erection.

Such shop primed material shall be inspected prior

to erection and damaged painted areas cleaned,
wire brushed and re-primed with an approved
primer.

After erection, the surfaces of the iron and

steelwork shall be examined for damage to paint
caused by slings and chains and the damaged
areas cleaned by wire brushing and primed with
a suitable wire brushing and primed with a
suitable primer and the entire surface of the iron
and steelwork of an approved primer.

Prior t o subsequent painting, primed steelwork

exposed to the weather, shall be inspected and
the priming renewed as soon as any evidence of
deterioration occurs.

The iron and steelwork shall be painted as

specified with two coats of aluminium paint.
 One coat of oil undercoat and one coat of oil
gloss finishing coat in tints described in the
decoration schedule.

14.12.1.2 Previouslv Painted Surfaces

Apply one or two coats of aluminium or one coat

undercoating and one coat oil gloss finishing paint
as specified.

14.12.1.3 Steel Fencing

The bottom of all steel fence posts or similar

items, whether galvanized, concreted in or
otherwise protected, shall be primed with a
petroleum base bitumen pipeline primer and
dipped into hot 90115 petroleum base pipe
enamel to a level 23cm above final ground level.
Fence palings and sheeting if partially buried, shall
be treated in the same way. Fence palings and
sheeting if not buried, shall be given two coats of
bituminous paint over the lower 60cm of their
length.

14.12.1.4 Machinerv and Tank Skirtinas

Where specified apply one under coat and one

finishing coat of oil resisting industrial enamel.

14.12.1.5 Pi~e
and Identification Colour

Except in houses and offices, exposed pipework

shall be finished with bands of oil paint at
prominent locations which comply with the
requirements of the colour identification chart.

14.12.2 Non-Ferrous Metals

14.12.2.1 Un~aintedSurfaces

All surfaces in contact with other non-ferrous,or

ferrous metals, shall be joined with an approved
jointing compound.

Apply one coat of calcium plumbate primer to the

surfaces of galvanized metal to be painted.
 Apply one coat of zinc chromate t o internal
surfaces or t w o coats of zinc chromate t o
external surfaces.

The surfaces shall be painted with t w o coats of

aluminium paint.

One coat of oil undercoat and one coat of oil

gloss finishing coat in tints described in the
decoration schedule.

14.12.2.2 Previouslv Painted Surfaces

Apply one or t w o coats of aluminium or one coat

undercoating and one coat oil gloss finishing paint
t o surface as specified.

14.12.3 Plaster CementISand Renderina Blockwork

Brickwork and Concrete or Asbestos

14.12.3.1 U n ~ a i dSurface (Internallv)

Apply one coat of emulsion paint diluted with

water in the ratio of one part o f water as a sealer
and t w o undiluted coats emulsion paint.

-
Apply one coat alkali resistent plaster sealer,
one coat undercoating and one coat oil gloss
finishing paint.

14.12.3.2 Y n ~ a i n t e dSurfaces (Externallvl

Apply one coat of emulsion paint diluted with

water in the ratio of one part of paint t o one part
of water as a sealer and t w o coats of external
quality emulsion paint mixed with petrifying liquid
in the proportion of one part petrifying liquid t o
four parts of emulsion paint.

OR

Apply t w o coats snowcem.

 14.12.3.3 Previouslv Painted Surfaces (Internallvl

Apply one or two coats of emulsion paint as

specified.

14.1 2.3.4 Previouslv Painted Surface (Externallvl

Apply one or two coats of emulsion paint diluted

with petrifying liquid as described for unpainted
surfaces (Clause 14.12.3.2 above).

Apply one coat, undercoating and one coat oil gloss

finishing paint.

Apply two coats snowcen.

14.12.4 Timber Surfaces

14.12.4.1 Yn~aintedSurfaces

Apply one coat of pink primer, stop holes and cracks

with approved filler, apply one coat undercoating and
one coat oil gloss finishing paint.

Apply two coats of clear or tinted varnish as

specified. If the varnish is based on natural resins
and drying oils the first coat of varnish shall be cut
down with fine sand paper and dusted before the
second coat is applied.

If the varnish is based on chemical reaction type

coatings for example polyurethane, the application
including any special preparation, shall be carried out
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.

OR

French polish to approval.

 Timber which is to be encased in brickwork or
concrete shall be treated with two coats of wood
preservation before fixing. All timber fence posts
and rails shall be similarly treated if not otherwise
painted.

Timber not exposed in view such as in roof

spaces shall not be painted.

14.12.4.2 Previouslv Painted Surfaces

Apply one coat undercoating and one coat oil

gloss finishing paint.

OR
..

Apply one or two coats varriish as specified.

Stain to approval.

Body in and wax polish to approva!.

Revive french polishing.

- Scrape off existing french -polishing, prepare

surface and refresh'polish'to-approval.

14.12.5 Buildina Boards Acoustic Tiles

14.12.5.1 Buildina Boards

Any special hardboard, plasterboard, primers or

synthetic resin, emulsion primers or sealing treatment
recommended prior to decoration shall be carried out
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.

Apply two coats of emulsion paint.

 Apply one coat undercoating and one coat oil gloss
finishing paint.

14.12.5.2 Acoustic Tiles

Tiles shall be treated with two tinted coats of emulsion

paint well brushed in holes provided in tiles shall not be
obstructed with paint.

14.12.5.3 Asbestos Cement

If the finishing treatment is a paint containing oil an

alkali resi'stant primer shall first be applied.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSCL

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION X V

CORROSION MITIGATION
COATING & WRAPPING FOR BURIED PIPEWORK

...
- INDEX -
- - PAGE NO.

15.1 GENERAL 1
' 15.2 TYPE OF METHODS OF COATING & WRAPPING 1
15.3 ALIGNMENT OF PIPE PRIOR TO COATING & WRAPPING 2
15.4 WEATHER CONDITIONS 2
15.5 SURFACE PREPARATION OF PIPE 2
15.6 PRIMING 3
15.7 APPLICATION OF PLASTIC TAPES 3
15.8 MACHINE APPLICATION OF HOT ENAMEL COATINGS 4
15.9 HOLIDAY DETECTION 4
15.10 HANDLING OF COATED PlPE .-
10
15.1 1 CORROSION PROTECTION-FOR STRUCTURAL STEE~WORK
I N A MARINE ENVIRONMENT 7
15.12 TANKAGE 8
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSC1

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XV

CORROSION MITIGATION

COATING & WRAPPING FOR BURIED PIPEWORK

15.1 GENERAL

All buried METAL pipework shall be coated and wrapped t o the satisfaction of
Standards & Inspection Department representative before backfilling takes place.

15.2 TYPES OF METHOD OF COATING & WRAPPING -

- -
15.2.1 Normal Condition

Coating and wrapping may take place using hot or cold materials. For
lines of 203mm in diameter and above any of the following coatings
may be applied by mechanical method except for pipeline of less than
5 0 0 metres in length where manual methods may be applied.

a. Primer, hot applied coal tar 70B enamel, gall-fibre reinforcing

inner wrap, kraft paper outer-wrap, total coating t o a minimum
thickness of 6 0 microns.

b, Primer, P.V.C. tape inner wrap minimum thickness 4 5 0 microns,

P.V.C. tape outer-wrap with a minimum tape thickness of 250
microns.

c. Primer, polythene1Butyle rubber laminate tape inner wrap with a

minimum tape thickness of 4 5 0 microns, P.V.C. tape outer wrap
with a minimum tape thickness of 2 5 0 microns.

For lines of 1 5 2 m m diameter or under the specification is relaxed

to:

a. Primer and P.V.C. tape with a minimum tape thickness of 375

microns.

b. Primer, PolythenelButyle rubber laminate tape w i t h a minimum

tape thickness of 4 5 0 microns.
 15.2.2 Severe Corrosive Environment Such As P i ~ Permanently
e
In Wet Location

a. Primer, 2 wraps of cold applied plastic tape

comprising bituminous rubber compound and
P.V.C. carrier with a minimum ihickness of 1 125 ..
microns.

15.3 ALIGNMENT OF PIPE PRIOR TO COATING & WRAPPING

Prior t o coating and wrapping operations commencing, the pipe shall

be moved to an alignment sufficiently close to the trench to ensure
that after coating operations are complete, the pipe may be lowered
into the trench with the minimum of handling. Coated and wrapped
pipe should only be handled using broad canvas or other approved
slings: - . -
15.4 WEATHER CONDITIONS

No application of coating materials shall take place when the pipe is

wet from any form of precipitation nor when sand storm is blowing.

15.5 SURFACE PREPARATION OF PIPE

15.5.1 The pipe shall be cleaned to the satisfaction of

Standards & Inspection Department representative. The
surface will be considered adequately clean when the
parent metal is suitable for the coating operation. This
includes the removal of oil and grease, mill scale, loose
rust, welding burrs, sand dust, or any other foreign
matter.
- -. -
Surface preparation methods. shall. iodjude where
applicable.

15.5.2.1 Removal of all grease and oil before

mechanical cleaning by wiping with a
totally volatile solvent such as naphtha or
benzine. Kerosine should not be used for
cleaning.

15.5.2.2 Removal of slag, weld spatter, sharp

edges, burrs and knurls from welds and
pipe surface by wire brushing and filing.
 15.5.2.3 Contaminant removal from pipe surface by use of approved
mechanical machinery equipped with suitable combination of
cutters, scrappers and wire brushes. The tension of cutters,
scrapers and wire brushes. The tension of cutters, scrapers
and wire brushes should be maintained by frequent
adjustment and worn units should be promptly replaced. The
tension of cutting mechanism or travelling type equipment
should be such that it will not produce burrs or damage the
pipe surface.

15.5.2.4 Contaminant removal from pipe surface by hand wire

brushing and wiping d o w n w i t h clean dry rags or waste.
Normally, this method shall only apply t o short length of pipe
of less than 1000' or small diameters for which there is no
line travelling machine.
..

Priming shall be carried out immediately after cleaning and

may be executed using attachments t o the line travelling
cleaning machine.

Before application of primer, the pipe shall be wiped free of

sand particles using dry clean rags. If line travelling
equipment is used, a rotating wiping head shall be permitted.

Primer appropriate t o the brand of tape or enamel being used

shall be applied in an uniformly thin film free of runs, drips, or
missed spots. Any missed spots or areas covered with
insufficient primer will be touched up immediately with primer
by hand brushing.

15.6.4 On no account must the primed pipe be allowed t o come in

contact with the ground, if so the contaminated section must
-- - be solvent- cleaned and reprimed by hand.
--
15.6.'5 When using tapes, after the priming coat is touch dry the
P.V.C. tape appropriate for the pipe size shall be applied.

15.7 APPLICATION OF PLASTIC TAPES

15.7.1 Taping machine operator shall make all manual or mechanical

adjustments necessary t o acquire a uniform, tightly adhered,
spirally wrapped coating. Caution shall be taken to ensure
that no mechanical wrinkles, puckers,.voids or breaks are left
in the tape coating.
 The spirally wrapped tape overlap shall be a minimum of
6.33mm and a maximum of 12.7mm.

The application tension shall be a minimum of 0.90 kg and a

maximum of 1.8kg per c m width of tape.

Jointing of new tape rolls shall be effected by lifting back a

flap of tape equal t o H t o ?4 of the pipe circumference and
tape from the new roll started beneath the flap.

With of 203mm diameter and above an outer wrap

of P.V.C. or Kraft laminate paper shall be spirally applied.

A suitable 12.7mm wide PVC adhesive tape shall be applied

at the beginning and end of loose ends of outer wrap and
elsewhere. +

-
In the case of minor lines application of tape may be made by
hand. Care should be taken t o avoid wrinkles, puckers or
voids and t o maintain a correct overlap.

15.8 MACHINE APPLICATION OF HOT ENAMEL COATINGS

Coatina & Wraooinq

The enamel shall be heated t o manufacturer's specified

temperature in an approved boiler capable of agitation and
shall be applied t o the pipe after the primer is dry but no later
than five days after its application. The wrapping shall
consist of a pulled in fibre-glass tissue and an outer wrap of
bitumen or tar saturated asbestos felt wrap each of
appropriate size. The separate wrappings shall be so
tensioned that the fibre-glass wrappings is pulled uniformly
into the enamel and the outer wrap is in close contact and
adhering t o the coating, W i t h each type the miniGum overlap
shall be 13mm. The coating shall not be less than 6 0
microns in thickness.

The coated and wrapped pipe shall not be rested upon the
ground until the enamel is set.

HOLIDAY DETECTION

15.9.1 Standards & Inspection Department representative shall test

the insulation continuity of the coating using a Holiday
Detector set t o a maximum voltage not exceeding the
recommendation of the coating manufacturer and normally in
the range 6,000 t o 7,500 volts for plastic tapes and 10,000
volts for enamel coatings.
All wrapped surfaces of the pipeline shall be inspected by Holiday
Detector and defective places plainly marked with paint or chalk.

All marked holidays shall be immediately repaired.

15.9.3.1 Procedure With Plastic T a o q

Where outer wrap is used, a cross-cut of minimum

length centres at the Holiday and extending no further
than 25mm from the holiday in any direction should be
made in the outer wrap with a knife or other sharp
, implement. The four quadrants of outer wrap starting
from the centre of this cut shall be pulled back several
cms.

' A piece of plastic tape identical with the specified

coating shall be cut, centred- over the holiday and
applied by firm hand pressure and rubbing. This piece
shall be of such dimensions that if properly centred, it
overlaps onto the damaged coating at least 25mm
beyond the in used holiday in all directions. The over
wrap shall be restored t o its original position.

15.9.3.2 Procedure With Hot A ~ o l i e dCoatinas

a. The paper covering the defective bitumen will

be torn away (not cut) and all defective
bitumen, then removed by means of a scraper
or other approved tool (knives will not be used
for this purpose). .

Hot enamel of the same base as that used in

the original coating will then be applied to the
- .., -- - -
-
bared area without priming and the whole
immediately neatly coveted with a rectangular
piece of asbestos felt trap.

b. Old Coatinas

Where a leak in all oil line is involved, all oil

contaminated soil will be removed from around
the pipe. The coating and wrapping will be
examined and removed over the whole length
which is defective or has been affected by
contact with oil.
 The bared length will then be thoroughly
cleaned by scraping and wire brushing and
inspected t o ascertain whether any patch repair
is required. After this has been carried out, the
bared pipe will be primed and re-coated with
708 enamel and immediately wrapped with
asbestos felt wrap. The new enamel and wrap
will be carried over the existing coating and
wrapping for a distance of 300mm beyond the
bared area.

The patching of the coating and wrapping of oil

lines which have not developed leaks, or of
water or gas lines will be carried out in the
same manner except that the necessity for
. removing oil contaminated-oil should not arise.
- If the pipe is not immediately lowered but is-placed on skids after
15.9.4
coating, the coating of such pipe shall be inspected by Standards &
lnspection Department representative a second time, immediately
following raising of the pipe from the skids for the lowering
operation, and all holidays discovered shall be repaired prior to
lowering the pipe in the trench.

15.9.5 Standards & Inspection Department representative shall have

unrestricted right to inspect at any time the coating application
equipment and materials being used including trench preparation and
conduct of the back filling operation. In so far as these operations
have a bearing on coating quality corrective measures shall be taken
upon his request.

15.10.1 Taped pipe may normally be lowered directly into the ditch for
backfill. If it is necessary t o rest the taped pipe temporarily on skids
they shall be wide and padded with resilient peds to prevent damage
t o the tape.

15.10.2 Coated pipe shall not be permitted to contact the ground.

15.10.3 The ditch bottom shall be free of stones, etc., and consolidated sand
not less than 150mm thick shall be placed as a pad.
 15.10.4 Coated pipe shall be raised, lowered or suspended by using rubber
or leather or canvas slings. The sling width shall be equal t o or
greater than the pipe diameter.

15.10.5 In the lowering-in operation every precaution should be taken t o

I
prevent swinging impact or scuffing on 'the sides'of the trench.

1 5.10.6 Backfilling shall be done w i t h necessary care t o prevent coating

damage t o the satisfaction of Standards & Inspection Department
representative and shall be adequately consolidated.

GENERAL NOTES

1. Standards & lnspection Department representative may be either Company

Personnel or an Inspection Contractor.
.-.
-
2. Where p ~ e l i n eemerges from the ground. double coating of P.V.C. tape should be
applied. This will minimise damage through expansion and contraction at this
point.

3. Overlaps shall be between 6mm 81 13mm up t o 203mm dia. pipe

13mm & 19mm up t o 508mm dia. pipe
19mm & 25mrn up t o 965rnm dia. pipe
25mm & 32mm greater than 965mm dia. pipe.

15.1 1 CORROSION PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURAI STEEL WORK IN

A MARINE FNVIRONMENT (BELOW DECK LEVElJ

The Contractor shall sandblast, clean off and coat with coal tar epoxy paint as
specified below:

15.11.1 Pre~arationof Surfaces

All surfaces of the steelwork t o be coated shall be thoroughly

cleaned of all oil a-nd grease b y .using an-Spproved solvent and
sandblasted t o remove all rust, mill or welding scale and other
foreign substances. The surface of the metal shall be blasted in the
case of new steelwork t o Swedish Standard SA3. Uniform silver-
grey appearance. and in the case of existing steel work t o Swedish
Standard SA 2 % , 95% of surface silver-grey appearance with
scattered light brown areas.
 15.1 1.2 Priminq

Immediately after cleaning, the dust free surfaces of the steelwork

shall be primed using the epoxy primer. The primer coat shall be
brush applied using nylon brushes to a uniform thickness of 37.5 -
62.5 microns.

15.1 1.3 Coating

After priming each successive coat must be applied within the period
of 1 2 to 72 hours. In all, three coats will be applied using spray
equipment or nylon brushes, each coat to a uniform thickness of
125-1 75 microns with a colour sequence black brown black. The
nominal minimum thickness of the coating shall be 400 microns.
...
15.1 1.4 Reoairs To Coating
-
The damaged areas shall be washed with sweet water, after drying
thoroughly, the surface of the good adjacent coating roughened by
wire brushing. One coat of black coal tar epoxy will immediately be
applied followed at 1 2 to 2 4 hours intervals with one coat of brown
coal tar epoxy and a final coat of black coal tar epoxy.

The whole of the corrosion protection work shall be carried out

strictly in accordance with Standards & Inspection Department
instructions and to his or his representative's satisfaction.

15.1 2 TANKAGE

Tankage shall be constructed upon a Company approved type foundation.

All tank base plates shall, before final positioning for welding, be cleaned, primed
- and coated with a hot applied 708 enamel in .a manner &2&tly
pipelines except where the context is inapplicable.
- as specified for
 To avoid contamination of the subsequent welding coating shall not be continued
beyond or shall be removed from within 76mm of where any welding shall
ultimately take place in construction.

The coated plates shall be transported into their final position in a manner resulting
,1
in the minimum damage t o the coating.

Alternatively, the base plates may be sand blasted t o SA 2 '/2 and locked with coal
tar epoxy as in Clause 15.1 1.
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSCL

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XVI

WELDER

INDEX
PAGE NO.

16.1 GENERAL
16.2 PROCESS
-

16.3.1 Welding Sets

16.3.2 Welding Electrodes
16.4 WELDERS
16.5 WELDING PROCEDURE
16.6 WELDING QUALIFICATIONS
16.7 PIPELINE WELDING
16.8 PIPELINE WELDING INSPECTION
16.9 PIPELINE PRESSURE TESTING
16.10 TANK WELDING
16.11 TANK WELDING INSPECTION
- * -
16.*12 TANK TESTING --
16.13 PRESSURE VESSEL WELDING
16.14 PRESSURE VESSEL WELDING INSPECTION
16.15 PRESSURE VESSEL STRESS RELIEVING
16.16 PRESSURE VESSEL TESTING
16.17 SAFETY REGULATIONS
 KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (KSCL

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING WORKS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION XVI

INTRODUCTION

This Specification applies t o general practice only and must be read in conjunction with
the detailed welding procedure specification applicable t o the particular work.

Any departure from the specification such as change of electrodes alteration of welding
gaps and weld profile must first be approved by the K.O.C. Standards & lnspection
Department or any inspection authority nominated by Standards and lnspection Department.

This specification refers generally t o the manual welding of low carbon steels. When
welding of alloy steels is called for, separate specification sheets on procedure,
techniques tests, etc., shall be issued.

Welding shall normally be done by the manual arc process. Semi-automatic and
submerged arc processes may be used. All requirements affecting the quality of the
completed weld shall apply equally t o shop m d site welding.

16.3.1 Weldina Sets

Welding sets shall be of size and type suitable for the work and shall be
maintained in good condition t o ensure acceptable welds, continuity of
operation and safety of personnel. They shall be operated at the
recommended amperages and voltages for each size and type of
electrode.
 Weldina Electrodes

16.3.2.1 The welding electrodes of the types and sizes approved

for use shall be stored in hermetically sealed containers
and protected from any mechanical damage or
deterioration and shall be rejected i f found defective.

16.3.2.2 Welding electrodes shall have letter and numeral coding as

well as colour coding clearly marked on each electrode.

16.3.2.3 All electrodes shall be of an approved manufacture.

Suitable alternative of international manufacture will be
permitted for use provided that the welding procedure
qualification tests are carried out t o KOC satisfaction.
...

-. 16.3.2.4 ~ i e c t r o d e sthat have become satixated w i t h any water

shall not be used. -
16.3.2.5 When packages of low hydrogen electrodes are opened,
the electrode shall be maintained in an electrode oven
between 200" and 350°F except when issued t o welders.
Portable holding ovens shall be provided for on-site
storage low hydrogen rods.

16.4 WELDERS

All welders w h o are t o be employed on welding operations shall be in possession of

welding badges which shall have been issued KOC -
Standards & Inspection
Department upon passing the welding qualification tests.

16.5 WELDING PROCEDURE

The Contractor shall submit t o KOC the welding procedure which it is intended t o use
. in connection w i t h equipment construction for approval b e f o r q h e welding qualification
test are conducted. --
16.6 WELDING QUALIFICATIONS

16.6.1 The welding procedure qualification and welders qualification tests shall
be undertaken in accordance with API standard 1104 for pipeline
construction or with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX
for tank and pressure vessel construction.
 16.6.2 Tests for the welding procedure qualification and welders shall be
conducted at KOC Inspection and Corrosion Workshop.

16.6.3 Mechanical testing required as a corollary of welding procedure

1
qualification and welders qualification shall be conducted by KOC
Standards & lnspection Department. All equipment necessary for
cutting and preparating test coupons for mechanical testing shall be
furnished by the contractor.

16.7 PIPELINE WELDING ..

16.7.1 All welding operations shall be carried out in accordance with API 1104.
Preparation of joints reinforcements welding of field branch connections
shall be in accordance w i t h the relevant ANSI Code k g . 831 -4 or
831.8) and welding plant, instruments, cables and accessories shall be
adequate for (he welding procedure t o be followed and shall be
- maintained in good order. -
16.7.2 Contractor shall use only competent, skilled and qualified workmen.
Each welder employed by the contractor shall be required t o
satisfactorily pass the welding tests as set out in API Standard 1104
witnessed by KOC or any inspection authority nominated by KOC.

16.7.3 Before welding any joint, the bevelled edge preparation shall be cleaned
free from any rust and/or oil deposits and any 'burrs' shall be removed
by filing or grinding. Each joint of pipe shall be cleaned of all those
materials immediately prior t o laying.

16.7.4 The bevel shall be sufficiently smooth and free from tool marks, oxides
and foreign matter t o enable proper inspection for laminations. The
removal of fins or burrs on the inside must be undertaken with care not
t o remove excess metal and form an inside bevel. Removal of excess
bevel shall be a cause for re-bevelling.
. . - .- - -
" 16.7.5 Bevelling shall be performed w i t h -a rnachink teh. All f&ld cuts shallbe -
normal t o the axis of the pipe. Mitre welds are prohibited.
The joints bevel angle, perpendicular to the pipe axis shall be 30" with
tolerance of +5-0". The root face of 2mm at the bevel ends is to be
kept to a minimum within the specified tolerance of 0.80mm. If less
than 0.8mm the root face shall not be brought into tolerance by filing or
grinding, the entire bevel must be re-machined.

For pipe of the same nominal wall thickness, the maximum offset or
misalignment of the abutting pipe ends shall not exceed 2mm. If the
pipe ends are damaged or dented beyond 1.6mm, the acceptance table
limit, they shall be cut and re-bevelled in accordance with 7.5, 7.6 and
7.7 above. If the line is flame cut, the heat effected zone shall be
removed by machining before producing the required bevel profile. The
heat affected zone is considered to be 3mm from the minimum flame cut
edge.

When joints of unequal thickness are jointed, the pternal offset shall not
exceed 1.6mm and the internal offset not exceed 2.4mm. If these
values are exceeded the excess, thickness of the heavier end shall be
machined or ground back from the bevel on 1:4 taper.

Each joint shall be lined up using an internal line up clamp for pipes
40.60mm 0.0.and over. The alignment shall be in accordance with API
standard 1104 except as otherwise stated herein. The clamps shall not
be removed until at least 50% of the "Root" run is completed. External
line-up clamps shall be used where internal clamps are impractical.
Under no circumstances shall the line be moved until the second or hot
pass is completed.

The pipe joint shall be supported to provide a minimum of 46mm

working clearance around the pipe.

Before any pipes are welded they shall be lined up with longitudinal pipe
seam staggered by at least 20"and confined to the top two quarters of
the lined up ends of the pipe.
- -_ _-_
-
-,-4 - --
- I .

At over-bends and sags bends consecutive lcigitudinal seams shall

alternate on opposite sides of the pipe and shall be 90" +
20" of top
centre.
 Welding operations shall be suspended when weather conditions are
unsuitable. Wind shields of approved design shall be used when wind
conditions are in excess of 1Omph.

The start and finish point of each weld hot pass shall overlap by at least
25mm. The finished weld shall be finally wire brushed to remove all
weld slag.

Tack welding of ground clamps or night caps are prohibited.

The Root Run shall be deposited t o give complete fusion of the abutting
pipe ends with full penetration and minimum inside reinforcement of
2mm and a maximum of 3mm. Immediately on completion of the Root
Run it shall be thoroughly ground to show clean metal and be free from
all evidence of trapped slag. -
-
The hot pass shall be made immediately after <he grinding of the Root
Run is completed. It shall be completely fused to the Root Run and the
adjacent pipe.

Each filler pass shall be completed before the next Filler Pass is started.
The start of Filler Passes shall be staggered with complete overlapping
of the previous bead. On completion it shall be cleaned by wire brushing
and chiselling or grinding as deemed necessary to remove all trapped
slag.

The cover pass shall not be concave finish and shall have a bund up of
not less than 1mm or more than 2mm. The width of this pass shall not
be less than 2mm or more than 3mm on either side of the weld bevels.
Surface pinholes and surface under-cutting may be repaired immediately
by welding. The completed weld shall be thoroughly brushed and
cleaned for inspection.

--No uncompleted welds shall be left pvernight.-'7 .- -*. -.. --

-
"

Each finished weld shall be clearly marked with water proof crayon or
paint to identify the portion of the weld 'made by each welder. Die
stamping shall not be permitted.
 16.7.22 No repair welding shall be performed on the longitudinal seam of the
pipe. Such defective length of pipe shall be completely removed from
the line.

16.7.23 Any defects in the pipe outside the weld area shall be reported t o K.O.C.
I t
or the inspection authority nominated by K.O.C. who shall specify a
"

repair procedure or reject the entire joint of pipe.

16.7.24 All open ends of the line shall be securely capped when being worked on
and at the end of each day's work.

16.8 PIPELINE WELDING INSPECTION

16.8.1 Welding shall be non-destructively inspected using either an X-ray or

Gamma-ray source, and/or ultrasonic flaw detection.
-
16.8.2 * I f a weld is selected for examination, the entire weld shall be
radiographed.

16.8.3 The proportion of welds t o be radiographed shall be not less than 10%
taken at random after welding quality has been established as described
below.

16.8.4 Where a defective weld is found, all welds between the defective weld
and nearest acceptable welds (before and after) will be radiographed.

16.8.5 In order t o define the quality of the weld, at the start of any project, the
first 30 welds of each welding gang will be examined 100% by
radiography. Failure t o meet requirements in these welds shall be a
cause for welding work t o stop until faulty workmanship has been
rectified and causes identified. It is not the intention that the Contractor
shall be restricted in his work progress by first proving test welds as
described, but rather t o eradicate any initial faulty techniques.

16i8.6 ‘ Each welding gang shall identify their: welds by a&stinctive mark in
suitable coloured paint. No die stamping will be permitted.
 The examination of welding will be carried out by K.O.C. - Standards &
lnspection Department or any inspection authority nominated by KOC
who will be responsible for radiography of welds, interpretation of
radiographs and issuing written instructions to the Contractor in respect
of any necessary repairs.

If a weld appears to be unacceptable by visual inspection, KOC will

refuse to radiograph such a weld until the defective condition has been
rectified.

KOC - Standard & lnspection Department or any inspection authority

nominated by KOC will interpret the radiographs in accordance with API
Standard 1104. Where repairs to welding defects are permitted, the
defective weld area shall be ground out. No flame cutting will be
allowed in weld repairs. The same defect shall not be repaired more
than once.

The sensitivity of radiographs will be 2% or better using the standard

API or BWRA penetrameter.

KOC or any inspection authority nominated by KOC will inform the

Contractor of any deviation from prescribed welding techniques and
procedures and any other circumstance arising liable to cause damage
to and/or later failure of the pipeline.

Standards 81 lnspection Department representative shall have the right

to inspect the Welding Badges of welders and require the dismissal from
the site of any welder not in possession of his Badge whether or not
such welder have passed the welding test. Furthermore, the Standards
& lnspection Department representative shall have the right to withdraw
any pass in respect of a welder who in the opinion of the Standards &
lnspection Department representative is continuously performing
unacceptable work.

16.9 PIPELINE PRESSURE TESTING

On completion of the pipeline welding, it shall be pressure tested using air or water as
laid down in the relevant Codes of Practice. Any weld showing an air or water leak
will be cut out and the pipe rewelded by the Contractor. The entire joint of pipe will
be replaced where an air or water leak is found in the longitudinal weld.
16.10 TANK WELDING

16.10.1 All welding operations shall be carried out in accordance with API
standard 650 (latest edition) for Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.

16.1 0.2 Contractor shall use only competent, skilled and qualified workmen.
Each welder employed by the Contractor shall be required to
satisfactorily pass the welding tests as set out in ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code Section IX, witnessed by KOC or any inspection
authority nominated by KOC.

16.10.3 Welding shall not be performed when the surfaces of the parts to be
welded are wet from rain or during periods of high winds unless the
welder and work are properly shielded. Welding shall not be performed
when the base metal temperature is below the freezing point or the
thickness is in e x ~ e s sof 31.75mm. The base metal within 76mm of the
- - place where welding is t o be started shall be tiea-ted to a temperature
warm to the hand.

16.10.4 Each layer of weld metal or multi-layer welding shall be cleaned of slag
and other deposits before applying the next layers.

16.10.5 The edges of all welds shall merge with the surface of the plate without
a sharp angle. There shall be no under-cutting of the base metal, except
that on the horizontal butt joints under-cutting not to exceed 0.80mm
in depth is permissible.

16.10.6 The weld metal on both sides of all butt joints except the offset faces
of horizontal joints, shall be built up in the form of a reinforcement so
that all of the finished face in the area of fusion shall extend above the
surface of the adjoining plates preferably not more than 1.6mm.

16.10.7 The method proposed by the Contractor to hold the plates in position for
welding shall be submitted to KOC for approval. ...
. r

16.10.8 Tank welds used in the assembly of "ertical joinc b f tank shells shall be
removed and shall not remain in the finished joint when the joints are
welded manually. When such joints are welded by the submerged arc
process, the tack welds shall be thoroughly cleaned of all welding slag
but need not be removed provided they are sound and are thoroughly
fused into the subsequently deposited weld metal.
 Tack welds in the bottom, and the circumferential joints of the tank does
not need t o be removed provided the joints end and the subsequently
applied weld shall be thoroughly fused into the tack welds.

The size of each fillet weld between the bottom edges of the lowest
course of the plate and the bottom plate shall be not more than 12.7mm
and not less than the normal thickness of the thinner of the t w o plates
joints i.e. the shell plate or the bottom plate in assembly under the shell.

Shell plates t o be joined together by welding shall be matched accurately

and prepared in position during the welding operation. Misalignment in
completed vertical joints shall not exceed 10% of the plate thickness or
shell whichever is larger.

In completed horizontal butt joints, the shell upper plate shall not project,
and face of the thickness of the upper plate with a g a x i m u m of 2.30mm
except that a projection of 1.60mm is permissible for upper plate with
less than 7.9mm thick.

16.1 1 TANK WELDING INSPECTION

The tank welding inspection shall be carried out in accordance with API
standard 6 5 0 (latest edition) for Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.

The inspection of tank shell butt welds shall be made by radiography

undertaken by the Contractor and radiographs taken shall be submitted
t o KOC for final approval.

The radiographs source for radiographic inspection shall be X-ray or

Gamma-ray..

The film used for radiography shall be Kodak Crystallex or its direct
equivalent and the intensifying screens will be of lead.
.-,
:

The sensitivity of radiographs shall be'2% or better-asing the standards

API or BWRA penetrameter.

Defects in welds shall be repaired by chipping or melting out such

defects from one or from both sides of the joints, as required and
rewelded. Only sufficient cutting out of defective joints is required as
is necessary t o correct the defects.

All repaired welds in joints shall be checked by repeating the original test
procedure.

The inspection of tank bottom and roof fillet welds shall be made by
visual examination undertaken by KOC or any inspection authority
nominated by KOC.
. 6 . 1I S Where visual inspection indicted unsatisfactory fillet welds, acceptance
or rejection shall be based on sectioning such areas by grinding or by
chipping w i t h a driven round nosed chipping tool.

'> 6.12.7 The tank bottom, shell and roof shall be tested according t o API
Standards 6 5 0 (latest edition) for Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
All tests shall be witnessed by KOC or any inspection authority
nominated by KOC. Upon completion of the whole construction of the
tank, it shall be subjected t o a combined hyd-Ipnuematic test as
described in API 620.

' 6.ltL Repairs t o defective welds shall be carried out after the approval of
K.O.C.'s representative. Completed repairs shall be subject t o the
approval of KOC's representative.

. 5.12 2 Rnhole leaks or porosity in tank-bottom joints may be repaired by

applying an additional weld bead over the defective area. Other defects
or cracks in the tank bottom joints shall be repaired as shown in paras
1 1.6 and 11.7 above.

5.12.4 All defects, cracks, or leaks in shell joints or in the shell-to-bottom joint
shall be repaired as shown in paras 11.6 and 1 1.7 above.

6.12 E Isolated pinhole leaks in roof joints may be caulked mechanically; but for
any indication of considerable porosity in the joints, or of cracking, an
add~tionalbead of weld metal shall be laid over the affected sections.
Mechanical caulking is not permitted for any other repairs.

6.12.6 Repairs of defects discovered after the tank has been filled with water
for test shall be made w i t h water level at least 300mm below the point
being repaired or w i t h the tank empty, if repairs are on or near the tank
bottom.

6.12 ' Upon completion of the whole construction of the tank, it shall be
subjected t o a combined hyd-/pneumatic test as described in API 620.

3ESSU=E \'ESSEL WELDING

6.13.7 All welding operations shall be carried out in accordance w i t h the latest
edition of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII.

6.13.2 Contractor shall use only competent, skilled and qualified workmen.
Each welder employed b y the Contractor shall be required t o
satisfactorily pass the welding tests as set out in ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code Section IX witnessed by Standards and Inspection
Department or any inspection authority nominated by the company and
accepted by Standards & Inspection Department.
The welding procedure and welders qualifications tests in accordance
with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX shall be
approved by Standards & lnspection Department or any inspection
authority nominated by the Company and accepted b y Standards &
lnspection Department. The Contractor should note that he is
responsible for having the necessary facilities available and that a
change in procedure or welder requires re-qualification.

Welding by the submerged metal arc method i s permissible only with

fully automatic equipment.

Shell plates shall be laid out so that there will be a minimum of welded
seam.

No opening shall be placed in a longitudinal weld seam, and insofar as

it is practical and economical no opening shall be placed in a
circumferential weld seam.

Circumferential welds for fractionating columns shall so located as t o

permit visual inspection with trays in place.

Welded joints in horizontal vessels shall be so located as not t o interfere

with saddle supports, branches and outlets.

Vessels shall be designed on the basis that pressure holding seams shall
normally be full penetration double welded butt joints. Single welded
butt joint with backing strip may be used where double welded butt
joints are impractical.

Nozzles and the manways and their reinforcement shall be attached t o

the vessel with full penetration welds. Backing u p strips, if used shall
be removed.

Circumferential welds shall be so located that visual inspection can be

made w i t h all internal fittings in place.

Seams in supporting skirts shall be double-butt welded. Connections

between skirts and vessels head shall be made w i t h a smooth flat-faced
fillet weld width of weld t o be equal t o skirt thickness and height twice
the width.

Single pass, submerged arc welding from one side only is not
acceptable.

When welding is called for carbon steel parts t o allow steel parts, the
contractor shall submit t o Standards & lnspection Department a suitable
-
 welding procedure in accordance with A S M E Code Section IX for
approval.

PRESSURE VESSEL WELDING INSPECTION

Welding shall be inspected by radiography in acc~rdancewith the ASME

Boiler and Pressure Code Section VIII.

All vessels seams not specified t o be completely radiographed shall be

spot radiographed.

Spot radiographs shall be approximately 370mm long unless otherwise

specified.

Spot radiographs shall be taken so that at least one spot is examined in

each circumferential joint and in each longitudinal joint between adjacent
-
circumferential joints-at locations designed by KOC's-Iepresentatives.
-
Radiographs shall be interpreted in accordance with ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII.
I
Spot examination by sectioning is prohibited. I

If the vessel is completely radiographed, all welded joints between the

nozzle and the vessel shall be inspected by the magnetic particle or dye
penetrant method.
~
Radiography other than required by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code Section Vlll shall be specified on the vessel drawing.

The Contractor should note that if radiographs are rejected by KOC's

representatives then the extra radiographic examinations required by I
ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code Section VIll shall be at the
Contractor's expense.
i .. .
Repair welding shall be performed using qualified &kedure and in a
manner acceptable t o KOC's representative.

Any seam that is judged unacceptable by spot radiography shall be

radiographed full length.

PRESSURE VESSEL STRESS RELIEVING

16.1 5.1 Vessels shall be designed for stress relieving in accordance with the
requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII.
Stress relieving other than required by the ASME Code shall be as
specified on the vessel drawings.
 16.15.2 Consideration of stress relieving shall be given in the design of vessels
of unusual configuration or component design such that high stress may
be developed in welds because of restraint.

16.15.3 No welding shall be performed on vessels after stress relieving without

1
specific written approval by KOC's representative.

16.1 5.4 When stress relieving a vessel with attached alloy liners, the liner shall
be vented.

16.1 5.5 On field welded stress relieved vessel service, insulation shall not be
applied over welded seams until hydrostatic test had been performed.

16.1 5.6 Flange facings must be protected against oxidation during heat
treatment. ..

16.1 5.7 -. Cold formed heads shall be normalised or a&aled except the single
piece heads less than 9.5mm thick need not be heat treated unless
required by ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII.

16.15.8 Heads that are "heat treated" for any reason shall be freed of any mill
scale by sand blasting or picking prior t o inspection.

16.1 5.9 In addition to the provision of the code covering stress relieving
requirements, a pressure vessel shall be thermally stress relieved i f i t will
be exposed to caustic or oil streams in which caustic has been injected
at temperature which exceed the formula:

Where Ts = 170-"Be
Ts = Stream Temp. O F
"Be = Density of the caustic water solution, in degrees
Baume.

Only the portion of the vessel that will be expos9d to caustic is required
to the stress relieved.
:
- --
16.16 PRESSURE VESSEL TESTING

16.16.1 The pressure vessel shall be pressure tested after fabrication in

accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code Section Vlll and KOC drawings in the presence of KOC
representative.
Test pressure shall submit the weakest element of the vessel to a
minimum stress of 1.2 times of the product of the joint efficiency and
the design stress at the temperature with the exceptions noted in paras
16.3 and 16.4 below.

For vessels tested in vertical position caution shall be taken so that the
test pressure in any section does not exceed 1.5 times its pressure
capacity based on the total thickness of the plate the applicable joint
efficiency and the design stress at test temperature.

The stress in any section of the vessel during the hydrostatic test shall
not exceed the 90% of the minimum yield point for the material used,
times the joint efficiency.

Unless otherwise indicated on the KOC vessel drawings, pressure testing

shall be accomptished with clean fresh water at a minimum temperature
of 70°F. Hydrostatic test water for vessels-constructed or clad with
austenitic stainless steel contain not more than 30ppm chlorides.

Bolting and ring type joint gaskets to be supplied by the Contractor with
the vessel may be w e d for the pressure test but must be replaced if
damaged. Gaskets other than those for ring type joints to be supplied
by the Contractor with the vessel shall not be used for the pressure test.

Alloy liners applied to the base plate by welding shall be pneumatically

tested at a minimum pressure of 1.4kglsq.cm to prove the tightness and
strength of the attachment we1d.s Test holes shall be seal welded, but
those in strips and sleeves covering vessel welds shall not be sealed
until after the vessel has been hydrostatically tested and then heated to
450°F to drive out trapped moisture.

Reinforcing pads shall be pneumatically tested at a minimum pressure of

5.6kglsq.cm prior to post weld heat treatment and final hydrostatic test.
The telltale holes in the reinforcing pads shall be left open after testing.
j.
-
r

The test pressure shall be held for at least t w r t t y five minutes per one
cm of thickness but in no case for less than 25 minutes.
 16.1 6.1 0 Pressure vessels for which the contractor submits test certificates shall
not be pressure tested at site. But if any damage occurred
transportation t o site, then pressure testing may be required.

16.1 7 SAFETY REGULATION

1

During all shop and site welding operations, care shall be exercised t o ensure the strict
compliance w i t h relevant clauses in the KOC Safety Regulation Section 5.8 and 25
w i t h regard t o Protective Operation.