Types of martial arts
 Karate. This covers many styles of self-defense involving kicks,
punches, and open-handed chops. It’s believed that the word “karate” was
first used in Okinawa, Japan, when a martial artist created a form of
martial art that had Chinese influences. "Kara” originally referred to China
and “karate” to Chinese hand—but the Japanese translation of karate is
“empty hand.” As with all martial arts, karate has different levels of
ranking, reflecting expertise. In karate (as well as many other martial arts)
they’re denoted by belts in different colors, with the well-known black belt
representing the highest level of expertise.
 Jujitsu. Developed in China and Japan, this martial art is a
forerunner of both aikido and judo. All three martial arts rely on grappling,
a technique that involves fighting in close proximity to your opponent with
lots of body contact; it can involve anything from throws to strangle-type
holds to taking your opponent to the ground or floor and fighting there.
Jujitsu uses the attacker’s momentum to do joint locks (in which you force
your opponent’s joint, such as an elbow or knee, beyond its normal range
of motion, resulting in pain or injury) to restrain the opponent. One
variant, Brazilian jujitsu, relies on choking the opponent and continuing the
fighting on the ground.
 Aikido. Like jujitsu, this Japanese martial art—meaning “the way
for harmony" or "unification of your spiritual energy" or ki—makes use of
the momentum and strength of the opponent to achieve your objective
(sometimes called “nonresistance”). Aikido doesn’t use kicking and makes
less use of hand strikes than jujitsu. Instead, the practitioner uses a lot of
turning motions and pushing movements accompanied by joint locks.
 Judo. This martial art also originated in Japan. Like jujitsu and
aikido, it’s based largely on grappling, but in this case with an emphasis on
throws and pinning the opponent to the ground.
 Hapkido. This Korean martial art incorporates a variety of
weapons, including belts, ropes, and canes. They’re used in moves
including kicks, joint locks, throws, and hand strikes to the body’s pressure
points.
 Kung fu. This Chinese martial art uses numerous fighting styles,
some of them involving acrobatic elements such as flips, jumps, and high
kicks. Kung fu can be loosely divided into two schools: those that focus on
arm work, such as rapid, close-range punching; and those that focus on
acrobatics, with kicks and leg work. Some kung fu forms encourage the
practitioner to be aggressively forceful, while others encourage the
yielding model, in which you use the attacker’s force against him or her.
Some schools emphasize a focus on relaxation and visualization
techniques.
 Capoeira. This Brazilian martial art was originally developed by
Angolan slaves who disguised their self-defense moves as dance. It’s very
acrobatic, with flips, punches, and kicks. 
 Krav maga. Developed by the Israeli Defense Force (IDF), krav
maga (meaning “battle combat” in Hebrew) focuses on hand-to-hand
combat with grappling, wrestling, and hand strikes. It also teaches the
practitioner to use virtually any ordinary object in the environment—a tree
branch, a garbage can lid—to help fend off an attacker, even one who is
much larger and heavier.
 Tae kwon do. This Korean martial art may be one of the world’s
oldest. It emphasizes kicking in particular, though the practice also
incorporates hand strikes, joint locks, throws, and punches.
 Tai chi. Also known as tai chi chuan, this Chinese martial art
involves choreographed, slow-motion postures. Some forms use a sword
or other weapons. It’s said that tai chi originated when a Chinese monk
saw the fluid movements of a crane fending off a snake and combined the
graceful movements with Taoist breathing techniques.
KARATE
an Asian system of unarmed combat using the hands and feet to
deliver and block blows, widely practiced as a sport. It was formalized in
Okinawa in the 17th century and popularized via Japan after about 1920.
Karate is performed barefoot in loose padded clothing, with a colored belt
indicating the level of skill, and involves mental as well as physical training.
PRINCIPLES
1. Do not forget that karate-do begins and ends with rei.
2. There is no first strike in karate.
3. Karate stands on the side of justice.
4. First know yourself, then others.
5. Mentality over technique.  Discipline
6. The mind must be set free. In order to be successful at karate, a child must learn discipline. The
7. Calamity springs from carelessness. atmosphere in the dojo is serious and strict. Instructors will not tolerate
8. Karate goes beyond the dojo. fooling around or excessive talking. These disciplinary actions often carry
9. Karate is a lifelong pursuit. over into the classroom. This disciplined behavior often translates into
10. Apply the way of karate to all things. Therein lies its beauty. better grades and controlled attitudes.
11. Karate is like boiling water: without heat, it returns to its tepid  Memorization
state. Karate requires the memorization of things such as self defense moves,
12. Do not think of winning. Think rather of not losing. techniques, and specific movements. Learning these memorization skills
13. Make adjustments according to your opponent. may also help students during testing at school.
14. The outcome of a battle depends on how one handles emptiness  Effort
and fullness (weakness and strength). Karate encourages the student to push themselves farther than they
15. Think of the opponents hands and feet as swords. believe they can go. By encouraging them to continue to improve and it’s
16. When you step beyond your own gate, you face a million progress in their karate studies, students are guided to the realization that
enemies. they can be more than average. Students are encouraged to give 100% in
all that they do to realize their full potential.
17. Kamae (ready stance) is for beginners; later one stands in
shizentai (natural stance).  Goals
18. Perform kata exactly; actual combat is another matter. The goals that are achieved in karate classes are normally recognized by
the issuance of different colored belts for different levels of achievement.
19. Do not forget the employment or withdrawal of power, the
The lowest ranking belt is white and the highest is black. These belt colors
extension or contraction of the body, the swift or leisurely application
encourage children to reach for the next level. Setting these types of goals
of technique.
will also encourage students to create goals such as graduating school or
20. Be constantly mindful, diligent, and resourceful in your pursuit of
earning a degree.
the Way.
 Respect
The basis of relationships and martial arts for children revolves around
Basic Skills and technique basic respect for instructors, teachers, other students, and themselves.
Many instructors use the class time to discuss the importance of respect
There are seven essential skills that martial arts can teach children to help and how it affects each person’s life. Teaching this respect to students will
them when dealing with difficult issues. carry over into their daily lives and their schooling.

Focus
Many children have issues with keeping focused on the task at hand.
Martial arts will teach children this focus whether it be by using a breaking
board, punching pad, or control of physical movements. This learned focus
goes farther than the karate mat, and can be applied to other areas such as
homework and reading.
Confidence
Karate students gain confidence through the realization that they are able
to handle situations and stay in control. As they become physically
stronger their confidence rises and they become less afraid of
confrontation. This will allow the student to stand up for themselves
against bullies and potential attackers. This instilled confidence will follow
students through their lifetime.
 RESPECT:  The first thing you learn in Karate is the "Bow."  In Martial Arts,
the bow is a sign of respect.  Respect means saying "please and thank you,"
honoring a friend, helping out at home without your parents asking you to
do so, looking your parents and teachers in the eyes, telling your parents
that you love them and following the rules.
HEIAN NIDAN
Heian nidan is a shorin kata containing 26 movements (waza) with 2 kiai
points. It is the second kata you learn when joining Shotokan karate when
you are a yellow belt.  In Japanese, heian (平安) means “peaceful mind”
and nidan means “second level“.

Terminologies

 Attention – Kiotsuke (sounds like Key-oh-zoo-kay)

 Begin/Start – Hajime (sounds like Ha-gee-may)
 Bow – Rei (sounds like Ray)

 Senpai or Sempai – Senior Student

 Sensei – Teacher/Instructor
 Tatami – Practice/Training Mat
 Te – Hand
 Tsuki or Zuki – Punch
 Uke – Block
 Ushiro – Back
 Watashi – I (Me)
 Waza – Technique
 Yame – Stop
 Yoko – Side
 Zuki or Tsuki – Punch

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ichi Ni San Shi Go Roku Shichi Hachi Ku Ju

HEIAN SHODAN

Heian shodan is a shorin kata containing 21 movements (waza) with 2 kiai

points. It is the first kata you learn when joining Shotokan karate. In
Japanese, heian (平安) means “peaceful mind” and shodan means “first
level“.