11/27/2017

“The total hydrostatic force on any plane surface

submerged in a fluid of specific weight γ is equal
to the product of the area of the surface and the
intensity of pressure at its center of gravity.”
F=γhA
where:
A = submerged area of the plane surface
h = the vertical distance of the center of
gravity of the submerged area from the
free surface

“If the total hydrostatic force F on any surface

were applied at center of pressure, its effect
A A
h h would be the same as the distributed pressure
y over the entire submerged area.”
F
G G

P P e
θ
B B

Ig
e=
Ay A A
h h y
where: F
Ig = moment of inertia of the submerged G G
area about a horizontal line through its
P P e
center of gravity
θ
y = the distance of the center of gravity of
B B
the submerged area from the free
surface along plane AB

1

A A
h h y h
G G
e
P P
B B
h=y
1. A vertical circular gate 1 m in diameter is
subjected to pressure of liquid of specific
gravity 1.40 on one side. The free surface of
the liquid is 2.60 m above the uppermost part
of the gate. Calculate the total force on the
gate and the location of the center of pressure.
1.5m
1.5m
2.0m
1.5m
3.0m
11/27/2017
A A
h y
G G
P e
P
θ
B B
h = y sin θ
2. The composite area is submerged vertically in
a liquid with specific gravity of 0.85. Determine
the magnitude and location of the total
hydrostatic force on one face of the area.
3. The gate shown is hinged at B and rests on a
smooth surface at A. If the gate is 1.60m wide
perpendicular to the paper, find the horizontal
and vertical component of the force at hinge B.
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4. In the figure, gate AB is 2m wide perpendicular

1.3m to the paper. Determine FH to hold the gate in
equilibrium.
B

3m

2m

B
FH Horizontal Component of the Hydrostatic Force
0.6m s = 0.80
The horizontal component of the hydrostatic
force, FH, is equal to the total force on the
projection of that surface on a vertical plane
water which is normal to the chosen axis.
2.0m
3.2m

A
60° FH = γ h A

Vertical Component of the Hydrostatic Force
The vertical component of the hydrostatic force,
FV, is equal to the weight of that volume of water
or liquid extending vertically from the surface of
the free surface of liquid.
1. Find the magnitude and location of each of the
components of the total force on the curved
surface shown. The length of the gate AB is 3m
and it is normal to the plane of the paper.

FV = γ V

The location of this force is at the centroid of the

volume.

3
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A
2. The corner of a floating body has a quarter
cylinder AB having a length normal to the
paper of 3m. Calculate the magnitude and
2m
location of each of the components of the
force on AB.

60°
O B
1m 1m

3. Determine the horizontal and vertical

components of the total force on the gate. The
width of the gate normal to the paper is 2m.
2.50m

1.50m
B

A
4. End AB of the figure has a section in the shape
of a quadrant. If the tank has a length of 3m,
determine the total force acting on the end AB.
30°
O
30°

4
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W.S.

2m T t
pe
pi
A
FB
D

2m
T t
1m
O B

1. A pipeline carrying oil under a head of 135 m is
horizontally submerged in water to a depth of
2m. If the inside diameter of the pipe is 120 cm
and has a thickness of 6 mm, determine the
pipe wall stress. Specific gravity of oil is 0.82.
2. A wood-stave pipe carries water under a head
of 100 m. It is bound by 2.50 cm round steel
hoops having an allowable stress of 100 MPa.
Find the proper spacing of the hoops if the
pipe’s inside diameter is 180 cm.

3. A cylindrical tank 2 m in diameter and 3 m high

has its axis vertical. It is held in position by
means of two hoops, one at the top and the
other at the bottom. Determine the tensile force
in each hoop if the tank is filled with water.