STAGE 1
Kidney Damage with normal or GFR (>90
increased GFR
Chronic Renal Failure
Increased glomerular basement
membrane permeability to RBC
and plasma proteins
STAGE 2
Mild reduction in GFR
Thickening and/or an increase
in the amount of collagen in
the basement membranes
of the small vessels
Impaired/sluggish blood flow
Glomerulosclerosis
Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate
Scarring of Nephrons including the
Glomerulus
mL/min/1.73 m2)
Contributing factors:
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2 Polycystic Kidney Disease Nephro/urolithiasis
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
Medication that causes nephrotoxicity
High Cholesterol levels
HIV infection, sickle cell disease
Chronic Kidney infections
Hematuria,
Proteinuria STAGE 4
STAGE 3 GFR (30-59 GFR (15-29
Moderate reduction in GFR mL/min/1.73 m2) Severe reduction in GFR  mL/min/1.73 m2)
GFR (60-89
Remaining
mL/min/1.73 m2) nephrons undergo Scarring of basement membrane of
changes to compensate for glomerulus
those damaged nephrons
Filtration of more concentrated
Persistent decline in glomerular
blood by the remaining
filtration rate.
nephrons
Hypertrophy of nephrons
Inability of the Kidneys to excrete Increased BUN,
metabolic waste serum Creatinine
Intolerance and exhaustion of the
remaining nephrons
Retention of Metabolic wastes and
Electrolytes in the blood Uremia
Further damage of
the nephrons
Electrolyte imbalance Hypernatremia,
Hyperkalemia