v.

KMeth (5)
E-8 17
Detey mnc Va

285
6A1 L2 o
t45

MM- pv ee Veg , Veg +VBE

043
2 2 Vee - voE
VeE 210-65
5
ft2 1t1-
1 t12 Ves 2.$h Vol

) Colate1-emittey s eluetor
Cace- emitr
s ho4 shd shor

EX-824 etmins the &-point othatransistor eiruu-

also drod tha Lnad n a . Gvn p 2 1oD ond VoE20-7V
TIOV

I Ro t 0.7+1e RE to
=

w P21o0
7K
47
-1OV
Ptpiptin)ke 93

F
1 f z o. o178mt
1. 17 8mt
 eoluetor oPda
APply îna kisehhoffs voltage la to th

10 +10- 1eRe fVeE - 1¬RE 0

20 78 mA (4:7K+lk) VeE

Ve 9.854 oIE|

The operateng poi oha cireutt-le 178 mA; NeE.

= 2 9.854 voH

D.e loa
Ine T=o
20 1Ro+R) ? YeE
Y e 2 20 Yol
20
co Te (57) 2 3.5 mA-

9-51mATe
g.354,178 mh)
178m

986tv 20V

1648 3t283)
0 tpu
Tai's ton

equieunt rvispr 4 M

4 VeE AL*Ro)
Ve
H 3ain ,p Av A VeE
P R
Pouwer 2ain

Ale 41eRi

AAr e n t an Mo Hage n

cut OPF Dase Emitr Drod off

O Aetive 1
DrS emitter oN
-

Dac
CAlenx
Scturatud oth Doda oN

CB- it's proyidos good stabity agair- mp.

ee- he bet- eanbinotion voHge gain and
a i n and eumn

3a'n Dindvantege lnkaqe ounernt-

Ge No ltgigeinhis eiyearitonly wd r impeden

mate hir
 Find leCcotfTand VeE(eut
20 E (up du

f ie1Ie1->4v t
inereasud
-

dreop at Re
en Ro Vkru
as aesult Ve:
that uhy eolleetor-Tmiier oase
ct) Vae-Vnu loiasad .

trsed
n o - n r in aturated..
90 4 eesd So, thfs point-ts antlu d
Coluet umo
i we n
Aa mafe
2 20mA any
not ne a sa
Base e m i t t e r
V I A (A
Ve
61414,
biased ts aakd f t ) .
no long6 Jordard

VeCtat)220

Ex-8:95|(I78
2
ind the base Sauppy Yoltaje
50 w p u t tha transishr
LA aj
200
nto saruahion. ssu mo P2

o 2Ie a +Ve7 at saucGtHon

o Se
2 5 mA-

Vee 50K 6.7

2 50+
VPp 19 5 E VOn 1 5 Satuompodrt
 6.01

rtansistox Basim 13i o3

faithfl epplierhion
Struhflf atfon nfk temp 2(0T Ie inesea g

4NAT aransisty f change pa- 2A pet

ope rsting pint fizud Fl«(
Solisation 4a1 |
eurtne
aising: proper aro stnat oollee-br
tnsuye thaVee dors no all bolo.5 for g'rmenium
1v for silicon tsansistor.

stabilising Opeatin poit Je Pls t Pu) Irm

Cznstant+ nand P
tbbilty faetot S
dSeoo

pda4p

4-P

S
1-P
1t 0 ehanga
hase y sist me thwd a Io r
(
bias eru is subjected
3took 560N
A ase
*x-98 to an înerease wmpertue, frm 95
and 150
to 75e . - p z 100 25
dekmine the pereente charga
75,
this
in fointNaluts (VeE. and le)over
ehange in Voe and ho i«tstt sry
Nglueony
temptyoture ng
VeE
tiat uent
t2 2 (5%oxil:3Ma)
2 12-7 A VeE 2 1 2
1001 VeE 5 677 Y
25
Ie pIg 2 46°XngAA
211 mA
VeE 2.5o&
_ G 75C I194-
Te 2ptn2 150X
I6.95mA
(16:95- I3)nA
-
Je (a) Kl6
le (a) 2
ahapn Te (25
50
Y e F ( 2 ) -voE(95)

cha Ve 2 VeF C25)

.508 5:672 XIo7
5-672-

-
55 7 9
hmiHer 3ias airert I emite aSte Vot
V20 V PPyr A4-

24:7
find IE, Te, V. and Vog for Bz85nd
ww
2,0
E*Lo+ o7 H Go¥KTD) 20
Jo (Te ttp) lo Kt(px1so k),22
20
ef 19-
o6, 19.0
Se 7 mA 2 oK 2 20.1

E 1 728 mA

2ot2D (1 K471)+VeE_t texlo

E2 Ve- VE
e V20
VeeLA73 ve l
VeEVE e
YeE241
745volE22st
r2-01o 2 -2 7
 8
X-9.17 find he &soin valuos (tap Ver)- ( th eolbet 4udhak bier t
+12

4K
.
4o°F18) + VaE tte xik)
400K
12. k»de) +
M

197 eL4Kt 40 tAr

e 12%124 MA-

12 24 x4) +VeE+ (:26*D

Le

VeE 57 vol 3 mA

pointF
1-2

53 1
Ve

Divider Das Method

voltaga D.c load n.
pointand
1t5 operafina
Determin thu

Divid muthod-
10K12 usina voltg
using
5.Volt 1. 1E 2-15 m
V5 15 1
21
S 07+ Te*2K
S-7 2 2:15 m
TE Ve
K
T °E e
d5m
15 (2151)+Ve E t (2:15x19 3 5 /2"5)
15A
E 8.55 vol
855 1
 il5

1K
Determine opeYoatina pointui
thuenin's thaorem.

5K Thuvenin's Yo ltqe, V25 15

2 2 5 vol

The vinin's rsstor, R 1 115)

29.33K9
PtI5v

Pt5

. E
2
Vee 15 - (a15%)*
(2-1R2
2 8.35ve l
5 t o 3K) +07 t te*2

4- =
(in 23OK (p1n *2)
4
3.39+ P*2K

43KP
3.33Kt Pa 2K

2
4.x
3-39

LL 2K 4.
P 2
2.1 mA
 tor po-ktial Divider Dias
stabil4y Jaef
ee
E

E ToRo+VoEt 1ele
contan

taR, +VgE t (Tta)PE

Dit. w. . I

pti d z Ro 1
S =
-

|e dt
Stabily faeter,

PE 0Ko1
tREe
RotPE

t
RotRe

t
S2
Ro tPE
 Bh Ex-929|
ti2v
find the ope rotir poi'nt
247K
. find the stbi faetvs

K (p-5°)
L50 K
2-2K

P+l
Fth 12 48Yolt- 2
RE
h +Pe
Pth (150 l1oo) z to K
2
1+50 X 2
4-8 07 t/1E22¥ _
52
2:2
2: 2-

52 18.4
102e*
192 2.2 s 93 valus 25 ( 2(a
unsthsHaet ptfYon ea

fah (1* (ot o7tePe thuvmal

stpbiltty-a 9A5 21 20
12
2A) *VeE (121x 2-2
A.8- 0.77
VeE 3-65)01t
60Kt P*22K

24.1 4A

5 o x5Ox 2414t)
 2
d
lst a
Boy 2

)Te
5 e
i Ve
1Ka
1 vi) D
Vi Voe
20= 4pxIp + 07+ iK g
193 40 KIo +1K (IptTe)
Ap + Tp + P In) 1 1R
2
49k10 E (2 oo+ 4.14A)
Ttp P+D 1K
2 o 45
Te TE 7 AT
481K I0
E 2.005 mA * L K
10:12A
1e
VE VE 2.01 Volt-
Ie
NeE 2 Yo-VE
5ox 40 1 4
2 . 2.005 mA Ye ee +Ve
13.45+20
VeE Ve 15-955olE
e Re TE Re +Vee
Vec Vp-V
VeE 4 -2.00 5mA * 2 a)} 2.71-15-
Z449 -13.24

fox, V
2 020 6.055 VE
19. 9 45vol-/ 2
DE+VE
( 2.01

lE 1e +16&(3 Ye 2.7 l
 and the euneot le
Determine the De fas VolHoge Ve
fov th vo H Tid eotijurehon:
22
310 o P
9
P 14d

VoeeRe t£ +1E RE 3.9K 50

3.9
22
99K +99 1 f o 6 Ix10 a
2 Vol 1e o-86 mA

Ot(10+1e) a 15
0.7+ s p t Pa) *15K VeeVee Te RetRe)
2 2 -o 8xLo (11-5k.S)
(AIrIS I
To6.14+ VeE2 12-1 v
 14
De
ias with voHage feed bnek
Nec

Pp
www-4 O
1

1 T
Re

Le
=PIeRe

Nee- VpE 1
e
Ret P (Re tPE)

ei 0llector emtr loop Vet

16
heNeg ~Ie (RetRe)+Ve
hDetermine th quieseent lve
Q5DKS
4:7K
Tea and VE

B 90

Iea2 12 -

Lo I 250kt 0 t t* 1 2 k t1ef 44:/ka

7K

lo-07 250kI2 +AIB #12.ka+ PIp 47K

Ie 250. K t 9°x f2K+o k 4-7K
102 l94 AA-

ca2p* 16 2 90x11AA-
21.0z mA-

Vee (107 x 47+VeE +(:07 * 12

0 l VeE2 3.687 vol
Deter min tha uvel of1 amd V 1
,18V

MM. vs
o A P A
104P

Ji
Copaortor "De 9

connietrd.
Series
9I o 110

510*iE
18 t*33+ Ip (91 K+ 1o +VDE+
* 23K + 21 1e to7 + 5od pip
9 plo

18- 7
201K p(33K+50)

10 95.59 M
26 m A

Vea= 1 Re +(VeE)+ TeRe

12 1eRe + VE)+ 1¢RE
TRe+Ve-e Pe +e?E
8-eRe
E18 2-610 * 33 RALO
8 8.58
e 9 42 Volt
Delerminu ve
nd Vn

10AP

45

VEE-9V

V , d.7= Vn +9
7 1 9-VgE
Rp o V -8.9 vol

VeIe R Y 2-8 3 vol t-|

- 4 P12a -2x10

2-45*83 k10K 1210

V2 4.4 2 vol
Ex-4- o mmon base
t Detefmine -the vo Hag Vop and the eurfe nt Io
le fo the

ontjurohn

vin
24 K
Re

lov

-4V

Her
4= VpE I*12K
o a Re +ve
4-07
10 2:Pp Re e
2x1o

0
J 3.3
1-2xlo
22:75mA 0 k0 4 45 IX o * 24x1
Vea . 5 1 ol
le Te +I Ans.

= P1p + I

2 S 2-75 A

+1
la 45.14P As - 1g = 45.8 HA
Ve 3.4 voi
 Vee +20 V ((
Datemine Ve and Ve
Ex-4:18 (79 8-2x
2-7 K
R he netu0or K

04P
P 124

Vin R2-234ks
Re 8 ko_
V 4o

h e v e n i n

v e e 2 - 2 0 V

TU Stanes

ad voltoj
V o H o g

L g x 2 - 2 K t YBE
-11-50=
NO
2:2 k
8.2XS M
+TeRe+VEE.
-20
M + D.7
21o + (IntTe)RE
2
20 -
20

2d 07 2 221n t ( ) 1 a
-115+20
2-2K+20

x8.2K Tx
I
20
23.3 5 | 7T
1 64 K ,77
K
2.2K +(P)1 3
Z K K. 8 5 MA
7.77
2.2K +(121 *18)K

2 35-3 24A-

) ', Thuanis
8.9 2.2
uln-
20
esistane
VpE
kn
Rah .2 2:2
21 79 k -
0 . 7 C - I15
V h - 2 0 t I*2-2k
Base voltaug hvnIn
1h'n e Ha 20 3.85mA

2-24
Ysistne o Hege W r a
-I15 3 Yl
 29
Vp e 11-59 (35 24A*- 1 7 kan
Ve -11 39 Yol Ans

Te= P13
ee Vs J e RR
=
120* 35.32 A
Vec - Iek
1e24.23mA
20-(1 *-2
8.579 voI+| Ans.

Ex-4:20 Given that lea=2mA and eea1ov Detumina k aht Re

JoY the be lo Netdork. 18 v

Here 104P

18 =(TR+Vee. +(Te)RE 8n- 1-2KS2

fet E
2mARRe 1d t 2mA# 12K
18 for. Bi
18-1o -2-4
2.3 Kn i D7+ 12:t
Re 2 m A

Re 2.8 K
9.12

91 R+ 551 = 324

8 874

R 6.74
 silicon Gex ma nium
si o-014A-t l4A
Smale Ten0 2 to 15 AA

31. D0ub 12'e rise

th tmp
Smalu rati n Teoo 8t010 i e
y Doubl

oprated upto 150

GTreata
e damaged a

tighes PIV( pakinvrs

Yo lta) xoting

10DY

Cin

siara

t5ouY
souY eCe
e
((
yna gne aPAA
ein Cin 1 Yus
( r u s } o r

(A
u'vetan
paralul Z(
resists
R hamptr r
¢n
dition
om2OT brsing eon

D.c curn + sgna

pass capactt.
ealld as

VoHag drap dp G
 Cumen pass tiTe
Capattor D.e GD infint nistp Shouo PG I uTg

raeh cally pass eE shavtk7|

Xe 22res

Ce2 called es cupling apact. -at single s

transistor ya outpuat TTa T 4p tan sistgoinput-
Re 4 an(ar 2tkansisto 4 a
Pa relleform
asnal
&10.2
select a sto Surtabl
22K
Valu for the emit
e-ass capaerto E
the amplifitx opcrat.
2KH t 10EH

Ce so " seleed tha- H adequrt hi ass tor

osest all frcquneias

i s 10 times smalle then Norma rsistam

2 602 5

27tmin C

1424P
 (23
h Phase ever sal
cireutf 186 phase. shit aA
Common emHr
A
ommon co|leet t Common Dase phase shif-C

I e inetaie Fles
1 0 1p Letia.e.
tresss deertase T
drop 2 Constant

2
z Re t VeE

Re t dveg
R
dVeE 2 d - die
o- - diul
die Pe

ma I(mia)

A Yce (ax)
 D.C equi ralent efsct
to 2rd.
Redue qll a.esoure

open cl theeapa eYtor

1h AC eqvart
Redu ea all +ha d-ete 2er0
shox-au he capsertor.
Pt ve
shr

sho

PL

D.c lood ne
NeE (mar) 2
Nee
ee

Ie(max) Ve
CVeeb
A.clad n

Cplleetr emiter Yo ltees

Rae 2Re ll L|
colletor cumint, = Te t -
volla afe ain
outputotaja
Ay
irput volo

2
RinL

| Av
po gain Ap 2 ePa
Rin
Ap 2 p*_KAC