FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

GROUP ASSIGMENT

Analysis of basic DC motor Equivalent Circuit (Simulation based)

Introduction
Direct current (DC) motor is a motor that turn energy from a direct current and turn it in to
mechanical energy. DC motor works by using some component like rotor that located inside
the motor and stator that locate on the outside. Besides that, rotor contain coil windings that
are powered using DC current and stator. Then magnetic field is created within the stator,
attracting and repelling the magnets on the rotor. This causes the rotor to start rotating.

There are four type of DC motors:

i. Permanent Magnet DC motor

ii. Series motor
iii. Shunt motor
iv. Compound motor

Objective for these projects are:

i. To familiarize with fundamental electrical/electronic engineering software.

ii. To analyse DC motor equivalent circuit using electronic engineering software.

From the scenario given there are two type of DC motor circuit that need to be simulate using
engineering software. The two circuit are shunt and series. The schematic diagram is
followed:

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2
3
4
Collecting data

The software that use in this project is Proteus 8. The component that used in this
simulation are DC motor, field resistance 110Ω, armature resistance 0.3Ω, and DC voltage
source 150V. Figure below are the two circuit that design using Proteus 8 software. Each of
the circuit is measure all the voltage and current in the circuit.

DC motor connected in shunt

Data Current (I) Voltage (V)

Field resistance (RF) 13.7 A 150 V
Armature Resistance 12.2 A 150 V
DC motor 12.2 A 150 V

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Dc motor connected in series

Data Current (I) Voltage (V)

Field resistance (RF) 1.23 135
Armature resistance (RA) 1.23 0.37
Dc motor 1.23 14.7

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Discussion

From the all the data in shunt and series circuit, it shows that the current and voltage has a
different result. Shunt circuit has same voltage in each component. But it has different current
reading in each component. For the series circuit, current has same reading for all the
component and it has different reading in voltage.

The current in shunt circuit is higher than current in the series circuit. The total
current that shunt circuit use is 38.1 A. The voltage of the current in shunt circuit is higher
than series circuit. Field resistance (RF) is the highest current compare to armature resistance
(RA) and DC motor. Next, each of component of the series has different voltage. The highest
voltage in series component is field resistance (RF) 135V and the lower component in series
is armature resistance (RA) 0.37V. Figure below show the shunt and series circuit.

16
13.7
14
12.2 12.2
12
10
Current (A)

8
6
4
2 1.23 1.23 1.23
0
Field resistance Armature resistance DC motor

Shunt circuit Series circuit

Figure 1: Data of shunt and series circuit in current (A)

160 150 150 150

140 135

120
100
Voltage (V)

80
60
40
20 14.7
0.37
0
Field resistance Armature resistance DC motor

Shunt circuit Series circuit

Figure 2: Data of shunt and series circuit in voltage (V)

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Calculation
Below is the calculation of power transfer (including losses) and torque. The motor
speed (n) is 100 r/min and rotational losses (Prot) is 25W.

I. DC motor shunt circuit:

eb= VT – Ia Ra
= 150-12.2(0.3)
= 146V
Power developed (in the rotor)
Pdev =Eb Ia
=14.34 × 12.2
=1785.348W
Power delivered to the load
Pload=Pdev -Prot = Pout
=1785.348 – 25
=1760.384W
Torque (Tload)
Tload= (9.55 P) /n
= 9.55 (1760.348)/100
=168.113 Nm

II. DC motor series circuit:

eb= VT – Ia Ra
= 150-1.23(0.3+110)
= 14.331V

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 Power developed (in the rotor)
Pdev =Eb Ia
=14.331 × 1.23
=17.627W
Power delivered to the load
Pload=Pdev -Prot = Pout
=17.627– 25
=-7.373W
Torque (Tload)
Tload= (9.55 P) /n
= 9.55 (-7.627)/100
=-0.728 Nm

Conclusion
Power transfer for shunt circuit is 1760.384W and the torque is 168.113 Nm. For the
power transfer series circuit, the value is -7.373W and the torque is -0.728Nm. This result
show that DC motor connected in shunt is suitable to use for conveyer belt. This is because
shunt has higher torque load than series. Conveyor belt is use to transfer goods to another
part. The higher torque is need to transfer heavy goods. DC motor connected shunt can be
control easily. The speed can be maintained constant until the load changes. Once the load
changes, then the armature tends to delay, which will result in the less back e.m.f. Thus, the
DC motor will draw extra current, this will consequence in enhance within torque to gain
speed.