Flight Safety Foundation

Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction

Tool Kit
Introduction to ALAR Briefing Notes
The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Approach-and-landing • Development/enhancement of standard operating
Accident Reduction (ALAR) Briefing Notes were produced procedures/best practices;
to help prevent ALAs, including those involving controlled
• Development/enhancement of simulator training;
flight into terrain. The briefing notes are based on the data-
driven conclusions and recommendations of the FSF ALAR • Development/enhancement of crew resource
Task Force, as well as data from the U.S. Commercial Aviation management;
Safety Team (CAST) Joint Safety Analysis Team (JSAT) and
• Information in company bulletins;
the European Joint Aviation Authorities Safety Strategy
Initiative (JSSI). • Safety features in publications;
• Classroom discussions/lectures; and.
Generally, each briefing note includes the following:
• Self-study.
• Statistical data related to the topic;
• Recommended standard operating procedures; The briefing notes have been prepared primarily for operators
• Discussion of factors that contribute to excessive and pilots of turbine-powered airplanes with underwing-
deviations that cause ALAs; mounted engines (but can be adapted for those who operate
fuselage-mounted turbine engines, turboprop-powered airplanes
• Suggested accident-prevention strategies for companies and piston-powered airplanes) and with the following:
and personal lines of defense for individuals;
• Glass flight deck (i.e., an electronic flight instrument
• Summary of facts; system with a primary flight display and a navigation
• Cross-references to other briefing notes; display);
• Cross-references to selected FSF publications; and, • Integrated autopilot, flight director and autothrottle
systems;
• References to relevant International Civil Aviation
Organization standards and recommended practices, • Flight management system;
U.S. Federal Aviation Regulations and European Joint • Automatic ground spoilers;
Aviation Requirements.
• Autobrakes;
Developed as an aid to education and training, the briefing • Thrust reversers;
notes can be used by a variety of aviation professionals in
• Manufacturer’s/operator’s standard operating
company management, flight operations and air traffic control
procedures; and,
for:
• Two-person flight crew.
• Assessment of risk exposure;
• Development/enhancement of accident-prevention The information in the briefing notes is not intended to supersede
strategies for companies and personal lines of defense operators’ or manufacturers’ policies, practices or requirements,
for individuals; and is not intended to supersede government regulations.

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