Physical Chemistry

No erasures are allowed in your answer sheet. Answer the following questions:
1. An ideal gas differs from a real gas in that the molecules of an ideal gas _________________.
 a. have no attraction for one another d. have no kinetic energy
b. have appreciable molecular volume e. has an average molecular mass
c. have a molecular weight of zero
2. The statement, “For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, gas volume is inversely proportional to gas
pressure.” is known as:
a. Avogadro’s law b. Boyle’s law c. Charle’s law d. Graham’s law e. Kelvin’s law
3. If gas volume is doubled but the temperature remains constant:
a. the pressure stays the same d. the molecules move slower
b. the molecules move faster e. none of these answers
c. the kinetic energy increases
4. Subtracting the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure of a gas collected over water is an example:
a. Avogadro’s Hypothesis d. van der Waals Theory
b. Dalton’s law e. ideal gas law
c. Graham’s law
5. The energy of molecules of a gas:
a. is dependent on concentration c. is the same for all molecules at constant
b. is distributed over a wide range at constant temperature
temperature d. increases with a decrease in temperature
e. increases with an increase in pressure
6. Which of the following assumptions is not used to explain the ideal gas law?
a. gas particles themselves occupy a negligible percent of total gas volume
b. inter-particle forces are negligible in gases
c. collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic
d. collisions between gas particles and container walls are perfectly elastic
e. individual gas particles are perfectly compressible to nuclear size
7. If someone were to light a cigar at one end of a closed room, persons at the other end of the room might soon perceive
an odor due to gaseous emissions from the cigar. Such a phenomenon is an example of:
a. monometry d. diffusion
b. ideality e. barometry
c. effusion
8. The fact that a balloon filled with helium will leak more slowly than one filled with hydrogen is explained by citing:
a. Avogadro’s hypothesis d. van der Waals Theory
b. Dalton’s law e. ideal gas law
c. Graham’s law
9. Gases tend to behave ideally at
a. low temperature and low pressure
b. low temperature and high pressure
c. high temperature and low pressure
d. high temperature and high pressure
e. gases always behave ideally
10. Assuming ideal gas behavior, which of the following gases would have the lowest density at standard temperature and
pressure?
a. SF6 b. CF2Cl2 c. CO2 d. N2 e. Kr
11. Of the following gases, the one with the greatest density at STP is:
a. CH4 b. NH3 c. Ne d. H2 e. He
12. A barometer measures
(a) absolute pressure (b) gauge pressure
(c) both absolute and gauge pressure (d) dynamic pressure
13. Oxygen percentage (by weight) in atmospheric air is
(a) 19 (b) 21
(c) 23 (d) 29
14. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids?
a. They flow and are highly ordered.
b. They are highly ordered and not compressible.
c. They flow and are compressible.
d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers.
 e. They flow and are not compressible.
15. __________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area.
a. Viscosity
b. Surface tension
c. Volatility
d. Meniscus
e. Capillary action
16. Which statements about viscosity are true?
(i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
(ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases.
(iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase.
a. (i) only
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. none
e. all

17. The shape of a liquid's meniscus is determined by __________.

a. the viscosity of the liquid
b. the type of material the container is made of
c. the relative magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and its container
d. the amount of hydrogen bonding in the liquid
e. the volume of the liquid
18. Viscosity is __________
a. the "skin" on a liquid surface caused by intermolecular attraction
b. the resistance to flow
c. the same as density
d. inversely proportional to molar mass
e. unaffected by temperature
19. How high a liquid will rise up a narrow tube as a result of capillary action depends on _____.
a. the magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube, and gravity
b. gravity alone
c. only the magnitude of adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube
d. the viscosity of the liquid
e. only the magnitude of cohesive forces in the liquid
20.

On the phase diagram shown above, segment __________ corresponds to the conditions of temperature and pressure
under which the solid and the gas of the substance are in equilibrium.
a. AB
b. AC
c. AD
d. CD
e. BC
21. On the phase diagram shown above, the coordinates of point __________ correspond to the critical temperature and
 pressure.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
22.

The normal boiling point of the substance with the phase diagram shown above is __________ °C.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
e. 50
23.

The phase diagram of a substance is given above. The region that corresponds to the solid phase is __________.
a. w
b. x
c. y
d. z
e. x and y
24.
 The phase diagram of a substance is shown above. The area labeled __________
indicates the gas phase for the substance.
a. w
b. x
c. y
d. z
e. y and z
25. According to the phase diagram shown above, the normal boiling point of this substance is __________ °C.
a. -3
b. 10
c. 29
d. 38
e. 0
26. In liquids, the attractive intermolecular forces are __________.
a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules
b. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together
c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points
d. not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other
e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from
moving past each other
27. A gas is __________ and assumes __________ of its container whereas a liquid is __________ and assumes
__________ of its container.
a. compressible, the volume and shape, not compressible, the shape of a portion
b. compressible, the shape, not compressible, the volume and shape
c. compressible, the volume and shape, compressible, the volume
d. condensed, the volume and shape, condensed, the volume and shape
e. condensed, the shape, compressible, the volume and shape
28. Together, liquids and solids constitute __________ phases of matter.
a. the compressible
b. the fluid
c. the condensed
d. all of the
e. the disordered
29. Together, liquids and gases constitute __________ phases of matter.
a. the compressible
b. the fluid
c. the condensed
d. all of the
e. the disordered
30. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids?
a. They flow and are highly ordered.
 b. They are highly ordered and not compressible.
c. They flow and are compressible.
d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers.
e. They flow and are not compressible.
31. The strongest interparticle attractions exist between particles of a __________ and the weakest interparticle attractions
exist between particles of a __________.
a. solid, liquid d. liquid, solid
b. solid, gas e. gas, solid
c. liquid, gas
32. A substance that expands to fill its container yet has a density approaching that of a liquid, and that can behave as a
solvent is called a(n) __________
a. plasma d. amorphous solid
b. gas e. supercritical fluid and gas
c. liquid
33. The critical temperature and pressure of are 279 °C and 78 atm, respectively. At temperatures above 279 °C and
pressures above 78 atm, can only occur as a __________.
a. solid d. gas
b. liquid e. supercritical fluid
c. liquid and gas
34. A volatile liquid is one that __________.
a. is highly flammable d. is highly cohesive
b. is highly viscous e. readily evaporates
c. is highly hydrogen-bonded
35. In general, the vapor pressure of a substance increases as __________ increases.
a. surface tension d. viscosity
b. molecular weight e. temperature
c. hydrogen bonding
36. The vapor pressure of any substance at its normal boiling point is
a. 1 Pa d. equal to atmospheric pressure
b. 1 torr e. equal to the vapor pressure of water
c. 1 atm
37. Volatility and vapor pressure are __________.
a. inversely proportional to one another d. the same thing
b. directly proportional to one another e. both independent of temperature
c. not related
38. Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________.
a. water boils at a lower temperature at density air
high altitude than at low altitude d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at
b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitudes
high altitude than at low altitude e. there is a higher moisture content in
c. heat isn't conducted as well in low the air at high altitude
39. On a phase diagram, the critical pressure is __________.
a. the pressure required to melt a solid
b. the pressure below which a substance is a solid at all temperatures
c. the pressure above which a substance is a liquid at all temperatures
d. the pressure at which a liquid changes to a gas
e. the pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature
40.
 Based on the figure above, the boiling point of diethyl ether under an external pressure of 1.32 atm is __________ °C.
a. 10 d. 40
b. 20 e. 0
c. 30
41. Based on the figure above, the boiling point of ethyl alcohol under an external pressure of 0.0724 atm is __________
°C.
a. 80 d. 40
b. 60 e. 20
c. 70
42. Based on the figure above, the boiling point of water under an external pressure of 0.316 atm is __________ °C.
a. 70 d. 80
b. 40 e. 90
c. 60
43. Two elements react as follows: 1 L of A + 2 L of B → 1 L of product
Which of the following is a formula for the product that is consistent with the data?
a. AB c. AB2
b. A2B d. All of
e. the above are consistent
44. All of the following statements about gases are true, EXCEPT
a. At 23°C an 18O2 gas has a higher pressure than an 16O2 gas because the heavier molecule exerts a greater
force per collision on the wall.
b. In the absence of other molecules, a single molecule travels in a straight line trajectory.
c. At high pressure, a single molecule travels in a random trajectory because of multiple collisions with other
molecules.
d. In a gas at 23°C and P = 1 atm, the average distance between molecules is much greater than a molecular
diameter.
45. In an isotopic enrichment effusion apparatus, 238UF6 and 235UF6 gases at 23°C escape from a small hole into a vacuum.
If the initial mole fraction ratio of the two gases is 1:1 , calculate the mole fraction ratio 238UF6/235UF6 in the escaping
gases.
a. 1.0086 c. 0.99147
b. 1.0043 d. 0.98740
46. What is the density of carbon dioxide gas at 0°C temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure?
a. 0.54 g/L c. 1.43 g/L
b. 1.25 g/L d. 1.96 g/L
47. The Kelvin temperature scale was created from the Celsius scale, because
a. Kelvin invented a simpler and more precise thermometer.
b. Negative temperature on the Celsius scale has no physical meaning.
c. It was found experimentally that all gases extrapolated to an apparent zero volume at minus 273.15°Celsius.
d. The mathematics are easier if negative temperatures are not considered.
48. A closed flask contains equal molar amounts of F2, 16O2,18O2, and UF6 at room temperature. If a small hole is cut in one
side, and the speed of the gas molecules escaping into a vacuum is measured, which of the following statements is
TRUE?
a. The speeds are the same because the temperature is the same.
b. The two oxygen molecules have the same speed.
c. UF6 is slowest because it is the heaviest.
d. The speeds depend upon the gas kinetic collision rate, and henceon the total pressure inside.
49. The rate of effusion through a tiny opening is measured for each of the following combinations. In which of these
combinations does the gas effuse through the opening most rapidly assuming that all start at the same pressure?
a. CO2 at 273K c. O2 at 273K
b. CO2 at 373K d. O2 at 373K
50. All of the following are true about the speed of a gas according to the kinetic theory EXCEPT
a. The root-mean-square speed of a gas depends on the pressure
b. The particles move at different speeds.
c. The root mean square speed of a gas is proportional to the square root of the temperature.
d. Particles with high molar masses in a gas mixture move more slowly than those with low molecular masses.
51. Which of the following will increase the root-mean-square speed of a gas in a container?
a. Change to a gas with a higher molar c. Increase the temperature
mass. d. Increase the volume
b. Increase the pressure
52. At what temperature will a sample of O2 have a root mean square speed of 3.68 × 10 4 cm/s? Assume a pressure of
exactly one atm.
a. 0.00472K c. 521K
b. 174K d. 17600K
53. All of the following are assumptions made in deriving the equation for the root mean square speed of the particles of a
gas EXCEPT
a. Collisions are perfectly elastic.
b. The gas particles are in constant motion.
c. Gas particles collide with the walls of the container but not with each other.
d. Pressure is the result of the gas particles colliding with the container walls.
54. What will be the likely value of the compressibility factor, Z, of a real gas if attraction between particles is the
predominant factor causing non-ideal behavior?
a. Z will be greater than 1 c. Z will be equal to 1
b. Z will be less than 1 d. Z will be equal to 0
55. A plot of the compressibility factor (Z) vs. pressure for some gas has a value of 1 at zero pressure; Z drops and then
rises again crossing the Z = 1 line as the pressure is increased. What is the situation that prevails at that pressure at
which the compressibility is just crossing the Z=1 line?
a. The attraction between particles is the predominant factor causing non-ideal behavior.
b. The volume of the particles is the predominant factor causing non-ideal behavior.
c. The effects of attraction between particles and the volume of the particles are exactly canceling each other
out.
d. The gas is behaving like an ideal gas.
56. A gas has a compressibility factor of 2.50 at a pressure of 65.0 atm. What is the temperature of 2.00 moles of this gas
in a volume of 1.00 L at 65.0 atm pressure?
a. 158K c. 396K
b. 317K d. 990K
57. The Cl2 molecule is larger than the N2 molecule and Cl2 has a higher boiling point than N2. Which of the following would be true about the
van der Waals constants for the two gases.
a. a and b for Cl2 are larger than a and b for N2
b. a and b for Cl2 are smaller than a and b for N2
c. a is larger for Cl2 but b is larger for N2
d. a is larger for N2 but b is larger for Cl2
58. Which of the following is true about a real gas?
a. Its pressure is always less than that calculated for an ideal gas.
b. Its pressure is always greater than that calculated for an ideal gas.
c. Its pressure is always different from that calculated for an ideal gas.
d. Its particles have volume and have forces of attraction or repulsion for other particles.
59. Which of the following is a necessary assumption for Dalton’s law of partial pressures?
a. The gas must be ideal.
b. The gas must have a low molar mass.
c. The total pressure of the gas mixture must be less than 1 atm.
d. The partial pressures of all gases in the mixture must be about the same.
60. Which of the following will cause the density of a fixed mass of a gas to increase?
a. Increasing its pressure (temperature held constant)
b. Increasing its volume (temperature held constant)
c. Increasing its temperature (pressure held constant)
d. Increasing its temperature (volume held constant)
61. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids?
a. They flow and are highly ordered.
b. They are highly ordered and not compressible.
c. hey flow and are compressible.
d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers.
e. They flow and are not compressible.
62. __________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area.
a. Viscosity
b. Surface tension
c. Volatility
d. Meniscus
e. Capillary action
63. Which statements about viscosity are true?
(i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
(ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases.
(iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase.
a. (i) only
b. (i) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. none
e. all
64. The shape of a liquid's meniscus is determined by __________.
a. the viscosity of the liquid
b. the type of material the container is made of
c. the relative magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and its container
d. the amount of hydrogen bonding in the liquid
e. the volume of the liquid
65. Viscosity is __________.
a. the "skin" on a liquid surface caused by intermolecular attraction
b. the resistance to flow
c. the same as density
d. inversely proportional to molar mass
e. unaffected by temperature
66. How high a liquid will rise up a narrow tube as a result of capillary action depends on _____.
a. the magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube, and gravity
b. gravity alone
c. only the magnitude of adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube
d. the viscosity of the liquid
e. only the magnitude of cohesive forces in the liquid
67. Which of the following is true regarding the reason that isotopes such as 16O and 17O are considered to be the same element?
a) They have the same number of protons and protons determine the chemistry of an atom.
 b) They have the same number of neutrons and neutrons determine the chemistry of an atom.
c) They have the same number of electrons and electrons determine the chemistry of an atom.
d) The give off the same emissions when they undergo nuclear decay
68. Which of the following correctly fills the blank in this nuclear reaction?

a) Mg b) Na c) F d) Ne
69. When a nuclide undergoes beta-decay
a) the mass number remains unchanged and the atomic number increases by one
b) the atomic number remains unchanged and the mass number increases by one
c) the mass number remains unchanged and the atomic number decreases by one
d) the atomic number remains unchanged and the mass number decreases by one
70. An atom which undergoes a nuclear reaction resulting in an increase in atomic number has emitted
a) an alpha particle b) a beta particle c) a neutron d) a positron
71. Which answer completes the following reaction?

a) an alpha particle b) a beta particle c) a neutron d) a positron

72. Which of the following is a prediction of the theories of the "big bang" and stellar nucleogenesis?
a) The principal elements of the universe are hydrogen and helium.
b) The elements with even atomic numbers are generally rare.
c) is the third most common element.
d) Elements with atomic numbers below that of nickel are rare.
73. What are the additional products in a fission reaction in which one neutron strikes a 235U nucleus giving off 143La and 90Br?
a) no additional products b) two protons c) two neutrons d) three neutrons

SUGGESTED QUESTIONS:

1. An ideal gas differs from a real gas in that the molecules of an ideal gas _________________.
 a. have no attraction for one another
b. have appreciable molecular volume
c. have a molecular weight of zero
d. have no kinetic energy
e. has an average molecular mass
2. What are the additional products in a fission reaction in which one neutron strikes a 235U nucleus giving off 143La and 90Br?
a) no additional products b) two protons c) two neutrons d) three neutrons
3. Which of the following correctly fills the blank in this nuclear reaction?

a) Mg b) Na c) F d) Ne
4. Which statements about viscosity are true?
(i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
(ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases.
(iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase.
a. (i) only
b. (i) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. none
e. all
5. The shape of a liquid's meniscus is determined by __________.
a. the viscosity of the liquid
b. the type of material the container is made of
c. the relative magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and its
container
d. the amount of hydrogen bonding in the liquid
e. the volume of the liquid
6. A gas is __________ and assumes __________ of its container whereas a liquid is __________ and assumes __________ of its
container.
a. compressible, the volume and shape, not compressible, the shape of a portion
b. compressible, the shape, not compressible, the volume and shape
c. compressible, the volume and shape, compressible, the volume
d. condensed, the volume and shape, condensed, the volume and shape
e. condensed, the shape, compressible, the volume and shape
7. The critical temperature and pressure of are 279 °C and 78 atm, respectively. At temperatures above 279 °C and pressures above
78 atm, can only occur as a __________.
a. solid
b. liquid
c. liquid and gas
d. gas
e. supercritical fluid
8. At what temperature will a sample of O2 have a root mean square speed of 3.68 × 10 4 cm/s? Assume a pressure of exactly one
atm.
a. 0.00472K c. 521K
b. 174K d. 17600K
9. A plot of the compressibility factor (Z) vs. pressure for some gas has a value of 1 at zero pressure; Z drops and then rises again
crossing the Z = 1 line as the pressure is increased. What is the situation that prevails at that pressure at which the compressibility is
just crossing the Z=1 line?
a. The attraction between particles is the predominant factor causing non-ideal behavior.
b. The volume of the particles is the predominant factor causing non-ideal behavior.
c. The effects of attraction between particles and the volume of the particles are exactly canceling each other
out.
d. The gas is behaving like an ideal gas.