CALCULUS ANSWER (H.L.

)
dy 5

1. Therefore dx 6
dy 4x
 2 4 12
2. Given dx (4 x  4 x )

 (ax  2) 
a
2 2a 3 π
 ( x 2  2) 2
3. V= 0
dx = 15 (a2 + 5)
12 32
1  8 1  3 
4. Then
 x x  1 dx
2  =  2(u  1)  u 1 2  2du 15  2 x  1
=  
 x  2
2 + C

5. (a)  ln v = –kt + C  v = v0e–kt (A1) (C2)

v0 v0 1 ln 2
–kt –kt
(b) Put v = 2 then 2 = v0e  2 =e t= k (A1) (C2)

dv dv ds dv  7(3s  2)  56
   3
6. then acceleration a = dt ds dt ds × v  a = (2s  1) s = 2, a = 27 (A1)
(C4)
k π
9. V=
 0
e 2 x dx
= 2 (e2k – 1) (M1)(A1) (C4)
1 1 1
2
11. a(t) = – 20 t + 2 v(t) = – 40 t + 2t = – 40 t(t – 80). (A1)
60

Since v(t)  0 for 0  t  80, the distance travelled =

 0
v (t )dt
= 1800 m.(A1) (C4)
a 4
 (a
2
 x2 )
12. Area under parabola = 2 0
dx = 3 a3 (A1)
2
Since PQ = 2a, the dimensions of the rectangle are 2a × 3 a2.
13. (a) fk (x) = x ln x – kx = ln x + 1 – k (M1)(A1)
1
(b) f 0 (x) = ln x + 1 x > e (A1) 2

(c) (i) f k (x) = 0 x = ek–1 (ii)x intercepts are where fk (x)= 0 x= ek (ek, 0)
ek  ek  2k
 x ln x  kx dx     (kx  x ln x )dx  e
(d) Area =
0
 0
= 4 (A1)

(e) m is f k (ek) = ln ek + 1 – k Therefore, an equation of the tangent is y = x –

ek. (A1)
1 k 1 1 2k 1 
 e  e k  e 2k e  2 e 2k 
(f) Area of the triangle = 2 2 2 4 
x k 1
(g) Since the x-intercepts are of the form xk = ek, xk = e

1
 a

14. Total distance = k

 0
e t / 2 dt
= –2k(e–a/2 – 1) metres (or equivalent
a2 1
17. If
 a 1  x 2 dx = 0.22 a = 2.04 or a = 2.62 (A1) (C3)

19. y y = f (x)

in f 10
m in m ax m in
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
in f
–10

–20
x
20. (a) (i) y = ln x5 – 3x2
2 .5

– 0 .5 0 .5 1 1 .5 2
– 2 .5

–5

– 7 .5

–10

– 1 2 .5
a s y m p to te a s y m p to te

(ii) f (x) = 0 for x = 0.599, 1.35, 1.51

(b) f (x) is undefined for, x = 0 or x = 31/3
5x 4  6x  5x 3  6 
 or 4 
5 2  
x  3 x  x  3 x  f (x) is undefined at x = 0 and x = 31/3 (A1)
(c) f (x) = 3
1
 6 3
 
(d) 0 < x < 1.5 put f (x) = 0 x = 5 (A1) 3
1.35

 f ( x ) dx
(e) The required area is A = 0.599 (A2) 2
22. f (x) = x2 ln x f  : x 2x ln x + x
π

2
23. x sin (x ) = 0 when x = 0 (+k, k  2
), area =
 0
x sin ( x 2 )
dx = 1
1
24. f (x) = cos 2x – sin x= (1 + sin x)(1 – 2 sin x)= 0 when sin x = – 1 or 2

dy m  m m2 
 , 4  
 2 4 
25. dx = –2x = m when x = – 2 Thus,  lies on y = mx + 5.m = 2. (A1)
(C3)

2
 dy 1 
 , 0
26. 2 3
y = x so 2y dx = 3x . The tangent is 3x – 2y = 1, giving Q =  3  and R =
2

 1
 0, 
 2 .
2 1 1
:
Therefore, PQ : QR = 3 3 or 1 : 2 = 2 : 1.
27. 1 + y2 = kx2 (k = c2) x2 – 4y2 = 4.
28. (a)
y

4
y = x 2

2
R P
x
– 2 – 1 Q O 1 2
– 1
y = – –12 l n x

1
(b) x2 + 2 ln x =0 when x = 0.548217.
(c) The tangent at P to y = x2 has equation y = 1.0964x – 0.30054,
1
Thus, the area of triangle PQR = 2 (0.30052 + 0.80054)(0.5482).= 0.302
(3 sf) (A1)
 1 
 
(d) Now, (2a)  2a  = –1 for all a > 0.Therefore, the tangents to the curve at x
= a on each curve are always perpendicular. (R1)(AG)
dy (b  a sin x)(b cos x)  (a  b sin x)(a cos x)

b 2 – a 2 cos x  
=  b  a sin x 
2
30. (a) (i) dx (b  a sin x) 2 (AG) 4
π ab 3π ab
(ii) When x = 2 , y = b  a = 1, and when x = 2 , y = b  a = –1
(iii) A vertical asymptote at the point x exists if and only if b + a sin x = 0.
Then, since
b
 –1
0 < a < b, sin x = – a , which is impossible. no vertical asymptote
exists.
4
(b) (i) y-intercept = 0.8 (ii)For x-intercepts, sin x = – 5  x = 4.069, 5.356.
(iii)
y
1

0    m 3   n  x

– 1

3
 4.069 4  5 sin x 5.3564  5 sin x
(c) Area =
 0 5  4 sin x
dx  4.069 5  4 sin x
dx

2 2
31. (a) f (x) = 2 x  1 b)Put 2 x  1 = x  x – 1.28
1
32.
 ln xdx  x ln x   x x dx = x ln x – x + C
1 1 1 2
2 2
mv0
33. 2 kx = 2 mv + C When x = 0, v = v0, therefore C = – 2
kx 2 4k
v 02  v02 
Therefore v = 2 m Therefore when x = 2, v = m (A1)
a
a 1 1 
sin 2 x  x 

2
cos 
34. 0
x dx = 0.740 = 2  2  0 = 0.740  sin(2a) + 2a – 2.960 = 0  a =
1.047
35. f (x) = x2ex + 2xex f (x) = x2ex + 4xex + 2ex = ex (x2 + 4x + 2) f (x) = 0 at x = –
0.586
1.7010

36. A=
 0.6617
(sin x  ( x 2  2 x  1.5))
dx= 0.271 units2 (using a graphic display
calculator) (A1)
37.
y

y = f’(x )

a b x

m a x im u m

in fle x io n
in fle x io n

a m in im u m b x

38. (a)
y
2
y = g (x )

Q R
1
P
A y = f (x )

O p x
1

(b) area OPQ < area of region A < area of rectangle OSRQ
2 2
–p p
(c) Solving the equation e  e + 1 = 0 = 0.6937 (4 decimal places)(A2)

4
  e  
p
 x2 2
 ex 1
(d) Area of region A = 0
dx= 0.467 (using a graphic display
calculator) (A1)
2π sin x 3π sin x
41. Area required =
 π x
dx   2π x
dx
= 0.690 units2 (G1) (C3)
ds
2
43. Given s = 40t + 0.5at , then the maximum height is reached when dt = 0 a=
 40
25 = –1.6

47. For the curve, y = 7 when x = 1  a + b = 14, and2a + b = 10. a = –4 and b =

18. (A1) (C3)
49.(a) The equation of the tangent is y = –4x – 8. (b (–2, 0).
 0.74757
x
 2  e3 
1.5247  1  x 2  
53. The curves meet when x = –1.5247 and x = 0.74757. area =  
dx (M1)
3 π  6 π 
55. (a) t = 0, t = 3 or t = 6 (b), d =
 t sin t dt   t sin t dt
3  0 3  3
(M1)
(ii) d = 2.865 + 8.594= 11.5 m. (A1)

1 dt
57. (a)

Distance = 2  t 0 2
= 0.435 (A1) (C4)

dv – 2t
(b) Acceleration = dt = 2  t
2
  2

 x3  x3 1 x3 x3
 3 ln x   3 x dx ln x –
58. (a)  x2 ln x dx =   – = 3 9

 8 7
2
 or ln 2 – 
(b) 1
x2
ln x dx = 1.07  3 9

dy dy dy
3 dx 2 2 dx dx = –1
60. y + 3xy + 4xy + 2x =0 x+y=2 (A2) (C6)

2 x2 – 1   1
1, 
f ' (x) =  x  x  1
2 2
63. (a) (i) (ii) f (x) = 0 => x = ±1 A  3  B(–1, 3)
(b) (i)

5
 y

– 1 1 x

– 2

(ii) This gives x = –1.53, –0.347, 1.88. (G3)

(c) The graph of y = f (x) helps:

3

1 /3
– 1 + 1

1 
 3 ,3
i) Range of f is .(A1)(A1)
1  1 7 
 3 ,3  , 
(ii) We require the image set of . R ange of g is  3 13  .(A1)(A1)

dV 4 dV 1
67. dt = 8 (cm3s–1), V = 3 r3 => dr = 4r2(M1)(A1) = 2 π (cm s–1)
dy y

69. From the diagram, dx 1 => y = ex+c = Aex. (A1)
But R (0, 2) lies on the curve and so A = 2.Thus y = 2ex (C6)

R ( 0 , 2 )

0 Q ( x - 1 , 0 ) x x

70. (a) (A1)(A1) 2

6
 6

2 A
g (x )

– 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
– 2

– 4

– 6 f(x )

(b) (i) x = –3 is the vertical asymptote.(ii ) x = 4.39 ( = e2 – 3): y = –0.901

(c) f (x) = g (x) x = –1.34 or x = 3.05

  4 – 1 – x  
3.05 2

(d) (i) See graph (ii) A = 0

– (ln (x + 3) – 2)dx (iii)Area of A =
10.6
dy 1
 2 – 2x –
(e) y = f (x) – g (x) dx x3 x = 0.871 y = 4.63
2
2– y 4
  y 
73. I = (–dy) = 2 – x + 4 ln2 – x – (2 – x) + c
74.
y 2

A B x

2 x  2 x – x 2 2 x ln 2 2 x – x 2 ln 2
75. (a) (i) f (x) = 22 x = 2x (AG)
x 2  ln 2 – 4 x ln 2  2
2

(ii) f "(x) = 2x \
2 4–82
(b) (i)2x – x2 ln 2 = 0 giving x = ln 2 (ii) f (x) =  ve number < 0
(c) Points of inflexion satisfy f (0) = 0, ie x2 (ln 2)2 – 4x ln 2 + 2 = 0
x = 0.845, 4.93
π  π
x – 
76. (a)  R = 2,  = 3 (b)(i)Since f (x) = 2 cos  3  ,Range is [1, 2]

(ii) Inverse does not exist because f is not 1:1

 π 2 π
x – 
(c) f (x) = 2  cos  3  = 2 x = 12

7
 π
1 2  π 1
2 0
sec x – dx
 3  = 2 ln (3 + 2 3 ).
(d) I=
3 dx  x 2 sec 2  d

81. tan θ = x dt 3 dt = –240 km h–1
1
ln x dv ) (2 x 2
 x
dx  u  dx 
dx  ln xd
dx
dx
2 x
1 1
2 ln x  4 x 2  C
87. =
91.From gdc intersections are at x = –3, x = 2, x = 4 (A1)(A1)(A1)

 x    x  3 – (x 
2 4
3
– 3x 2 – 9 x  27 – ( x  3) dx  3
– 3x 2 – 9 x  27) dx
Area = 3 2
= 101.75
1
  1 – 4 x 2 dx  2 x 1 – 4 x 2  arcsin 2 x   C
93.  4 

500
V = 500 cm3  r2h = 500  h = r
2
94. (a) Now S = 2r2 + 2rh  S = 2r2 +
dS 1000 250
 4r – 2  r  3 (or r  4.30)
(b) dr r 
dy dx
 y
 
x( x 2  1)
96. (a) (e2 + 1)dy = yd  e2 + 1 = x2 + 1
1 A Bx  C
2
 
(b) Using partial fractions let x( x  1) x x 2 1

1
 ln x – ln ( x 2  1)  C
2

kx 2e
1 y y
ln x – ln ( x 2  1)  ln k x 2 1 e 2  1
(c) Therefore ln y = 2 (A1)
100. Substituting u = x + 2  u – 2 = x, du = dx
( x  2) 2 8
  6( x  2)  12 ln x  2  c
2 x2 A1 N0
dy k 2 dy 2 k 2 4
 2      1   k
108. dx x x dx 3 4 3 3

h r2
T  (r  CB)  (sin   sin 2 )
110.(a) Using 2 2

dT r 2
 (cos  2cos 2 )  0
(b) d 2 (for max)  cos  0.5931 (  0.9359)
d 2T r 2 d 2T
 (  sin   4sin 2 )   0.9359    2.313r 2  0
d 2 2 d 2  there is a maximum
 
AB  2r sin  2r  2r cos  2r sin  75
(c) In triangle AOB: 2 Perimeter OABC 2 (M1)

8
 When   0.9359 , r  18.35 cm Area OABC  296 cm
2

O r
A

C N B

dy  17 
 0 ,  x  3  x 1  0   1, 
111. dx So P(3,  5) and Q  3 8 x + 3y  9 = 0
1 3 12 2  1 12 
b
12
,a
1 f  x   x  x  3x  2  Accept a   , b  , c   3 , d  2 
113. 5 5 5 5  5 5 

ds dθ dA dθ 
4  81  cos θ  θ  Accept 60
114. dt dt dt dt 3

x2 a bx  c 1 1 1
 
115. (a)  
1  x  1  x 1  x  1  x 2
2
  a  b  ,c   .
2 2 2
1 1 x 1
I  
2 1  x  1  x 2 
dx 1
2
1 1
ln 1  x  ln 1  x 2  arctan x  k
4 2
(b) (i)
 1 1  3 3  3 3 
 ln 2  ln 2   k  ln 2  k  accept p  , q   , r  2
(ii) 4 2 4 8 8 4  8 4 

 n  r nr  n! 
  x h   x r h n r 
116. (a) rth term = 
nr  r ! n  r  ! 

d x n    x  h n  x n 
 lim  
dx h  0 h 
 = nxn  1
(b) (A1)

xn
 
d x n
 x n
d xn  
0
 
d x  n  nx 1
  
  nx  1  n 
n dx dx dx x n
(c) xn  x =1 (A1)
121. (a) f (x) =  12 cos2 (4x + 1) (sin (4x + 1))
 1 3 1  1
x  ,x  x
(b) f (x) = 0  8 4 8 4 or 4

 dy  dy dy 3x 2   ln 3 3 x  y
1  
dx =  ln 3 3
x y
122. (ln 3) 3x + y  dx  = 3x2 + 3 dx 3

1
f  x   ln x  x   1
130. (a)  x  = ln x

9
 2
  ln x  dx   ln x   x  x    ln x  dx
2 2

(b) x = x (ln x)2  2x ln x + 2x + C)

3 f  x   g  x  1  3 f  x  g   x 

135. (a) derivative =  g  x  1 2 =3 A1 N0

(b) derivative = f (g (x) + 2x)(g (x) + 2)= 12
4 dV dr dr dh
81    3    3 h
3 2
 4r 2  2rh  r 2
136. 3 h = 5 (cm) dt dt dt dt A1

204  4  3
2
 2  2  3  5  2    3 2 dh dh
dt dt = 8 (cm/min) A1 N2


   1  2  
V    y dx V   4 1  cos 6 x  dx     
 8  12 
b
2
2 0 2  4 6  
139. a

1 1   1 1 1 1
 arctan1  arctan     arctan , arctan 
142. Let u = ex = 3  3   12 3 3 3 2

cos 2θ +1
2
144. (a) cos 2 = cos ( + )  cos  = 2

1 1 1
∫ cos ∫  cos 2 x 1 dx ∫ cos
2 2
xdx  xdx  sin 2 x  x  C
(b) 2 4 2
1 
4 cos x  x=±
(c) Curves intersect when f (x) = g (x) ie cos x 3
(d)


b

 ∫ 3 16 cos2 x – sec 2 x d x 
 y
2
V dx –
(e) (i) Using a 3

1 1   3 8 
2 π  4  – 3 
(ii)
∫
16 cos2 x dx  16 sin 2 x  x 
4 2  Volume =  2 3 
a a x
 arcsin x dx  x arcsin x  
a
0 dx
0 0
1 x 2 2
149. = a arcsin a  1  a 1
8 2
  2  x  x    2  3x  x  dx 2 
2
2 2
A 
154. 0
= 3 3

10
 e
e
2
ln x    ln x  2  ln x 1 
   dx   2   5
1  x   x  x x  1
155.V = V= = 2  e
1  1 1
 , 
156. (a) f (x) = (1 + 2x) e2x= 0 x =  2 P  2 2e 
 1 2 4
   4,
(b) 2
f(x) = 0  4x + 4 = 0  x = 1 f   e and f (2) = e M1A1
(c) (i) f (x) is concave up for x >  1. (ii)f (x) is concave down for x < 1.
(d)


3 
159. Using integration by parts

0
6 x sin 2 x dx  
8 24
 
165. (a) Either solving e x  x + 1 = 0 for x, stating e x  x + 1 = 0,
stating P(x, 0) or using an appropriate sketch graph. M1
x = 1.28 A1 N1
Note: Accept P(1.28, 0).


1.278...
e x

 x  1 dx
(b) Area = 0
M1A1
= 1.18 A1 N1
Note: Award M1A0A1 if the dx is absent.
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