Instrument Development Part 2: Profile of the respondent – this asks the personal Technical respond appropriately.

Language * The responses apply to all situations or offer

Developing a good instrument is the most crucial
part in conducting a research study. When an instrument
is poorly designed, it may lead to inaccurate data that may
produce misguided conclusions. However, developing an
instrument takes a lot of work and requires advanced
preparation. Therefore, researchers must be careful when
developing their instrument.
What is it
Developing Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument wherein a
researcher poses a set of pre-determined questions
It typically has three parts:
information of the participant. It may also be called a way for those to respond with unique
situations.
demographic characteristics or biodata. Consider which
variables are relevant and capture information only that
Developing Interview Questions
are important to your study
An Interview is a research instrument wherein
.Part 3: Body/Questionnaire Items – this contains the researcher verbally asks questions to
the questions or items that need to be answered by participants of the study to answer what the
the participant. research is trying to look for.
Order of Interview Questions:
Consider the following when constructing the
questionnaire items: Developing Interview Questions
An Interview is a research instrument wherein the
Clarity • The questions are direct and specific. researcher verbally asks questions to participants
• Only one question is asked at a time. of the study to answer what the research is trying
• The participants can understand what to look for.
is being asked.
• There are no double-barreled questions
(two questions in one).

Part 1: General Instructions – the purpose of Wordiness • Questions are concise.

giving general instructions is to give the • There are no unnecessary words.
Second set of questions: Open-ended
participant an idea of the purpose of your questions
Negative *Questions are asked using the First set ofthat generate Opening
questions: the participant’s
questionsviews
that
research and gives an overview of the topic of Wording affirmative (e.g., Instead of asking or ideas about theatmosphere
topic.
establish friendly or mood of the
your questionnaire. This part includes: “Which methods are not used?”, the Example: “What ideas do you
participant. Example: “How arehave about
you today?”
• Title/Introduction of the researcher – researcher asks, “Which methods are
Distance Learning?”
Introduce the title of your study and you may used?”)
give your name and the institution you are
Overlapping *No response covers more than one
affiliated with. responses choice.
• Purpose of the questionnaire – State the • All possibilities are considered.
Third set of questions: Close-ended
purpose or aim of your study. questions that elicit specific answers about
Balance • The questions are unbiased and do not lead
• Confidentiality statement – Assure that the the participants to a response. The questions the research topic or questionsanswerable
are asked using a neutral tone.
participant’s responses will remain confidential. with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ Example: “What modality are
• Voluntary participation – Make the Use of Jargon *The terms used are understandable by the you comfortable with in Distance Learning?”
target population.
participants aware that they don’t have to • There are no clichés or hyperbole in the
complete the questionnaire, or they don’t have to wording of the questions
answer any items that they are uncomfortable
Appropriatenes *The choices listed allow participants to
with. s of Responses respond appropriately.
Listed • The responses apply to all situations or offer Fourthset of questions: Closingquestions that
• How to submit the questionnaire – Instruct the
a way for those to respond with unique give the participants a chance to give their
participants on how to return the questionnaire situations. views or comments about the topic.
if the researcher is not present when it is
Example: “What has been your overall
administered. Use of *The choices listed allow participants to
impression on the new normal in education?”
What’s More
Directions: Develop your own interview Questionnaire
questions based on the order of Interview Title: ____________________________ Department of Education
questions previously discussed in the lesson. Region V
Write your answers on the flowchart below. Part I: GENERAL DIRECTIONS
Division of Camarines Sur
GOA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
. Dear Respondents, Goa, Camarines Sur

FFirst set of questions: The researcher is in the process of

completing a basic research
entitled:_______________________________________
This study aims to ______________________ Practical Research2
Second set of questions:
In connection to this, I the researcher
adopted and revised a questionnaire to gather
information hence, participation in this study by
Instrument Development
TThird set of questions: way of answering the questionnaire is very
important. Please feel assured that your
anonymity and the information you will give
Fourth set of questions: would be treated with UTMOST
CONFIDENTIALITY.
What I Have Learned Thank you for your participation.
Directions: Complete the statements by writing what you
have learned in this lesson. Cite at least 3 to 5 concepts Respectfully yours,
you have learned. The Researcher

In this lesson, I have learned that

________________________________________________ Additional Activities
________________________________________________ Directions: Consider whether the following are good or
________________________________________________ poor survey questions.
Moreover, I also learned that .
________________________________________________ Sample Questions Goo Poo
________________________________________________ d r
________________________________________________ 1. “Are illegal drugs bad for teens?”
________________________________________________
What I Can Do 2. “Which effective education strategies
prevent drug abuse in teens?”
Directions: Construct a questionnaire based on
your chosen Research topic. Write your answer 3. “When tested for efficiency and durability
on a separate sheet of paper. Use the guide how does ‘Brand X’ and ‘Brand Y’ compare?”
below. You may choose to alter some
4. “Is Brand X better than Brand Y?”
parts/details of the questionnaire.
5. “Is owning a pet good for the elderly?”