1) In 18th century America, roads were built privately.

The government hardly

played a role in the construction. The first toll roads were built and owned by

companies that sold shares to increase construction capital. But as the country

grew, the government saw transportation as a public good worthy of government

support.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, economic expansion stimulated the

construction of channels to help speed up the marketing of products. One of the

most important of these channels was Canal Erie. First proposed in 1807, the Erie

Waterway was built between 1817 and 1825 and was the first transportation

system between New York City and the western interior of the United States. The

canal extended from Albany, New York, along the Hudson River to Buffalo, New

York, and reduced transportation costs by about 95%.

The canals radically improved transportation, but his reign did not last long. In the

middle of the 19th century, the rapid expansion of the railways abruptly

interrupted the canal's appearance. The railways provided fast and regular

transportation throughout the year. Railways were superior to waterways because

they operated all year round and were a safer and less dangerous means of

transport.

2) The War of 1812 had the effect of encouraging domestic production in the United

States. During the war, the British Navy blocked much of the American coast. As

with the embargo imposed by the Jefferson administration in 1806, this was

potentially devastating for New England merchants, which explains their strong

opposition to the war. It also caused a shortage of British cotton. Some New

England businessmen decided to use their capital for their own production and the
 result was a massive investment in cotton mills that triggered the Industrial

Revolution in the United States.

3) The Missouri Compromise was an attempt by Congress to ease sectoral and

political rivalries sparked by the Missouri petition in 1819 for approval as a state

where slavery would be allowed. At that time, the United States consisted of

twenty-two states divided equally between slaves and free. Many Southerners

criticized Missouri's promise to establish the principle that Congress could pass

slavery laws. Northerners, on the other hand, condemned him for accepting the

expansion of slavery.

4) The 1824 election remains one of the most controversial elections in American

history. These elections featured four candidates: John Adams, William Crawford,

Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. Jackson won the referendum with the majority

of the electorate votes. However, he did not get enough votes from Electoral

College to win the election. It was a decline when Clay, who was eliminated with

fewer votes, held a grudge against Jackson and was awarded the post of Secretary

of State if Adams won. Clay continued to send Jackson's name to the House of

Representatives. Crawford also dropped out of the race due to medical problems.

Finally, Adams won the election with Clay as secretary. Jackson called the

election corrupt and said his presidency was stolen. Adams therefore decided not

to change offices to prove he was not corrupt, but this ended up in a strange and

ineffective presidency for Adams.