ABAP: Events: Applies To

ABAP: Events
Applies to:
This document applies to SAP ECC 6.0, SAP Net weaver 2004s.
Summary
This article describes about the overview of events used in ABAP Reports. It also explains the functionality of
each event with illustration.
Author(s): Renuka Srinivasan

Company: Applexus Software Solutions (P) Ltd
Created on: 07 December 2010
Author Bio
Renuka Srinivasan is working as SAP Technology Consultant with Applexus Software
Solutions (P) Ltd.
SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com
© 2010 SAP AG 1
Events in Reports
Table of Contents
Events in Report Program..........................................................................................................................3
Events...........................................................................................................................................................3
Usage of Events...........................................................................................................................................4
Events during List Processing…...............................................................................................................4
Top_of_Page................................................................................................................................................4
New_Page.....................................................................................................................................................4
End_of_Page................................................................................................................................................4
At PF<nn>.....................................................................................................................................................4
At Line-Selection <Statements>.................................................................................................................5
At User-Command<Statements>................................................................................................................5
Load-of-Program..........................................................................................................................................5
Initialization..................................................................................................................................................5
At Selection-Screen.....................................................................................................................................5
Start-of-Selection.........................................................................................................................................5
End-of-Selection..........................................................................................................................................5
Set User-Command <fc>.............................................................................................................................6
Examples......................................................................................................................................................6
Related Content.........................................................................................................................................14
Copyright....................................................................................................................................................15
© 2010 SAP AG 2
Events in Reports
Events in Report Program

Events are used to organize the statements and controls flow of the program.
A report program reads data from one or more database tables without modifying the database as per the
selection criteria.
An event is a tag that identifies a section of code. The section of code associated with an event name and
ends when next name is encountered.
There is no mandatory event in a report program. But there is default event called START-OF-SELECTION
which is triggered automatically for every report. If the program doesn’t contains any explicitly defined event
blocks then START-OF-SELECTION event will be triggered.
Events
ABAP/4 report programs are event driven programs. Following events are triggered in a report.
 Load of Program.
 Initialization.
 At Selection screen.
 Start of Selection.
 End of Selection.
 At Line Selection.
 At PF-key.
 At User-command.
 Top-of-Page.
 End-of-Page.
 At New.
After a user interaction on a displayed output list, the ABAP runtime environment checks whether it should
process the function code itself (for example, %EX or %PC) and triggers the relevant event. Unlike normal
screens, in which the PAI event is triggered, the runtime environment triggers three special events when list
events occur. You can use the corresponding event blocks in your ABAP program to react to the user action.
From within the program, you can use the SY-UCOMM system field to access the function code.
USAGE OF EVENTS
Using of events depends on Type of Report. We are having INTERACTIVE Report and CLASSICAL Report
in SAP.
In case of INTERACTIVE REPORT we can use :( used to create a detailed list from a basic list)
 AT LINE-SELECTION
 AT USER-COMMAND
 TOP-OF-PAGE During Line-Selection
 END-OF-PAGE During Line-Selection
In case of CLASSICAL we can use:

 Load-of-Program.
 Initialization.
 At Selection-Screen.
 Start-Of-Selection.
 Top-of-page.
 End-of-page.
 End-of-selection.
© 2010 SAP AG 3
Events in Reports
EVENTS DURING LIST PROCESSING

When the user chooses a function code PF<nn> (<nn> can be between 01 and 24), the system always
triggers the AT PF<nn> event. In the standard list status, the function keys F<nn> that are not reserved for
predefined system functions all have the function code PF<nn> as long as a corresponding event block is
defined in the program. Following Events are used during List processing.
 Top-of-Page During Line-Selection
 New page
 End-of-Page During Line-Selection
LOAD-OF- PROGRAM
Triggers the associated event in an internal session after loading a program of type ‘1’, ‘M’, ‘F’, or ‘S’. Also
runs the associated processing block once for each program and internal session. The processing block
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM has roughly the same function for an ABAP program of type 1, M, F or S as a
constructor has for classes in ABAP Objects.
INITIALIZATION
This event is executed before the selection screen is displayed. It initializes all the values.
You can assign different values other than the values defaulted on the selection screen .You can fill your
selection screen with some values at runtime.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
The event is processed when the selection screen has been processed (at the begin of PAI).
Validation & Checks of inputted values happen here. Extras ON VALUE-REQUEST for psel_low_high.
The push button for F4 (Possible entries) appears beside the appropriate field.
... ON HELP-REQUEST FOR psel_low_high ( Upper and Lower Limits in Select Option )
. ... OUTPUT, this event is executed at PBO of the selection screen every time the user presses ENTER.
START-OF-SELECTION
Here the program starts selecting values from tables. Processing block is executed after processing the
selection screen. All the data is selected in this block. All the main processing on the data except for
interactive reporting is handled in this block.
END-OF-SELECTION
After all the data has been selected this event writes the data to the screen. Data which is selected and has
been processed is printed to the screen in this block. List Processing happens in this block
TOP-OF-PAGE
Triggered by the first write statement in the program .It is used to have a standard header in the program for
all the pages. TOP-OF-PAGE is only executed before outputting the first line on a new page.
NEW-PAGE
Can be used when to display different data on different pages. Terminates the current page and continues
output on a new page. It will not trigger the Top-of-Page or End-of-Page.
END-OF-PAGE
It is used to display the standard footer for all the pages. This event displays the footer details like page
number , Number of records displayed and date etc...
© 2010 SAP AG 4
Events in Reports
AT PF<nn>
These event blocks are executed when the user chooses the corresponding function key. The position of the
cursor in the list is irrelevant.
If you use these event blocks at all, it should only be for temporary test versions. In production programs
(Real time Projects), you should only use AT USER-COMMAND with a dialog status of your own to assign
function codes to function keys. When you use your own interfaces, the system displays a function text
explaining what the function does. This does not happen when you use AT PF<nn> event blocks.
When the user triggers the function code PICK, AT LINE-SELECTION is always triggered if the cursor is
positioned on a list line. The function code PICK is, by default, always linked with function key F2 and hence
with the mouse double-clicks. Consequently, if you have a simple program that does not react to any further
user actions, you only need to write this event block.
AT LINE-SELECTION <Statements>
As described in the section Dialog Status for Lists, the function code PICK is always added to the standard
list status when you have an AT LINE-SELECTION event in your program.
If you assign PICK to other function keys or menu entries, AT LINE-SELECTION is also triggered when the
user chooses then. You should avoid this for the sake of the semantics.
Conversely, if you have a more extensive program that does not react to line selection, you should not use
the function code PICK. Instead you should assign a different function code to F2 , to ensure that as many
events as possible trigger the AT USER-COMMAND event.
If the user chooses a function code during list processing that is neither processed by the system, or PICK or
PF<nn>, the system triggers the event AT USER-COMMAND. For this event, you must define your own GUI
status for a list.
AT USER-COMMAND <Statements>
In this event block, you can use an IF or CASE structure to tell the function codes apart. They are available in
the system field SY-UCOMM. There are further system fields that are filled in list events, such as SY-LSIND
and SY-PFKEY, that allow you to make further case distinctions.
SET USER-COMMAND <fc>

This statement takes effect after the current list is completed. Before the list is displayed, the event is
assigned to function code <fc> is triggered, regardless of the dialog status you are using.
The effect is the same as when the user chooses the function. In other words, predefined list function codes
are trapped and processed by the runtime environment, the function codes PICK and PF<nn> trigger the AT
LINE-SELECTION and AT PF<nn> events, and user-defined function codes trigger the AT USER-
COMMAND event block.
Function code PICK triggers an event only if the cursor is located on a list line.
Using this statement in conjunction with the function codes reserved for system functions, you can call the
system functions from the program. For example, you can use SET USER-COMMAND '%SC' to call the Find
dialog box directly, or to position the list correctly before it is displayed.
If you use several SET USER-COMMAND statements while creating a list, the system executes only the last
one.
© 2010 SAP AG 5
Events in Reports
EXAMPLES
FOR AT-LINE-SELECTION
When you run the program, the basic list appears with the standard list status. The detail list shows that SY-
UCOMM has the value PICK.
Basic list
© 2010 SAP AG 6
Events in Reports
Secondary List
FOR AT-PF
After executing the program, the system displays the basic list. The user can press the function keys F5, F6,
F7 and F8 to create secondary lists. If, for example the 4tth key user presses is F6 the out on the displayed
secondary list looks as follows.
Secondary List by PF-Key Selection-Screen
SY-LSIND = 4, SY-UCOMM = PF06.
© 2010 SAP AG 7
Events in Reports
Basic List
After pressing F5 (First)
After pressing F6 (Second)
© 2010 SAP AG 8
Events in Reports
FOR AT USER-COMMAND
When you run the program, the system displays the following basic list with the page header defined in the
program.
You can trigger the AT LINE-SELECTION event by double-clicking a line. The system sets the status
TEST and deactivates the function code PICK. The status TEST contains function codes FC1 to FC5. These
assigned to push buttons in the application toolbar. The page header of the detail list depends on the status.
Here, double-clicking a line no longer triggers an event. However, there is now an application toolbar
containing 5 user-command push buttons. You can use these to trigger the AT USER-COMMAND event.
The CASE statement contains a different reaction for each push button.
For each interactive event, the system decreases the SY-LSIND system field by one, thus canceling
out the automatic increase. All detail lists now have the same level as the basic list and thus over write it.
While the detail list is being created, SY-LSIND still has the value 1.
© 2010 SAP AG 9
Events in Reports
Basic List
After Double Clicking
© 2010 SAP AG 10
Events in Reports
FOR SET USER-COMMAND
This program creates basic list and three detail lists. When the program starts, the third detail list is displayed
immediately, along with a dialog box for searching in the list. The dialog box is displayed by setting the
predefined function code %SC. To view the other lists, the user chooses back.
NOTE: In the event AT PF05, the SET CURSOR statement is used to position the cursor on a list in order to
support the function code PICK.
© 2010 SAP AG 11
Events in Reports
Basic List
After Double Clicking
© 2010 SAP AG 12
Events in Reports
Related Content
http://forums.sdn.sap.com/message.jspa?messageID=7978455
https://forums.sdn.sap.com/thread.jspa?threadID=485760
http://forums.sdn.sap.com/thread.jspa?messageID=3322286
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/9f/dba3ae35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
© 2010 SAP AG 13
Events in Reports
Copyright
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ABAP: Events: Applies To

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ABAP: Events

Author(s): Renuka Srinivasan

Events during List Processing…...............................................................................................................4

Set User-Command <fc>.............................................................................................................................6

Events in Report Program

In case of CLASSICAL we can use:

EVENTS DURING LIST PROCESSING

SET USER-COMMAND <fc>

After pressing F5 (First)

After pressing F6 (Second)

After Double Clicking

FOR SET USER-COMMAND

After Double Clicking

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