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Case Sooca 3 Diphtheria
Case Sooca 3 Diphtheria
CASE 3
(Diphtheria)
(Sesi Pertama)
Judul kasus: Rudi
Rudi, 5 tahun, pergi ke Puskesmas dengan keluhan utama demam sejak 5 hari yang lalu.
This patient also complained cough and swelling of his neck.
The patient was born at a rural hospital via normal vaginal delivery and his birth weight was 2700g.
He had received BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and hepatitis B vaccinations at birth, but not any
other additional vaccinations. He had no known previous medical problems. In the patient's house
there were a total of nine people including his mother, grandparents, aunt, and cousins. The patient
had no history of close contact with other sick patients.
On the first day of illness, he had been taken to a rural clinic and diagnosed with pharyngitis. The
patient was prescribed an unknown oral antibiotic and Acetaminophen. By the third day of illness,
his fever had gradually declined, and the sore throat had resolved.
However, he subsequently became worse and experienced neck swelling, dyspnea, and dysphagia.
He also had a harsh breathing sound. On the fifth day of his illness, his parents took him to a local
hospital.
Physical Examination:
❖ Body Weight: 22 kg
Body Height: 130 cm
❖ Vital sign: BP = 110/90 mmHg PR = 153 bpm, regular
T = 37,5°C (rectal) RR = 22x/min
❖ Head/Neck: Tonsil = inflamed, white patches/pseudomembrane (+) in tonsil; cervical
lymphadenopathy (+)
❖ Cor
Inspection: ictus cordis normal, intercostal pulsation (-), epigastrial pulsation (-)
Palpation: ictus cordis not wide, parasternal pulsation (-),
epigastrial pulsation (-), sternal lift (-), thrill (-)
Percussion: cor configuration within normal limit
Auscultation: cor pulsation 92 bpm, regular, gallop (-), murmur (-)
❖ Pulmo
Inspection: symmetric, static and dynamic
Palpation: stem fremitus right = left
Percussion: sonor
Auscultation: inspiratory stridor, vesicular, wheezing (-), rales (-), prolonged experium (-)
❖ Abdomen
Inspection: distended (-)
Auscultation: peristaltic within normal limit, bowel sound (+) normal
Percussion: liver span 8 cm, mild meteorismus (+), dull pain at right back (-)
Palpation: liver not palpable, McBurney's sign (-), Murphy's sign (-), spleen not palpable
❖ Other organs and systems are within normal limit.
The doctor had suggested the patient to have a simple laboratory examination.
Laboratory Findings
Hb = 11,4 g/dL
Hct/PCV = 31,4%
Leukocyte = 22.600/uL
Thrombocyte = 80.000/uL
7. Informasi lebih lanjut apa yang Anda perlukan untuk mengonfirmasi diagnosis difteri?
a. Urinalisis
b. Pemeriksaan feses
c. RFT/tes fungsi ginjal
d. LFT/tes fungsi hati
e. EKG
f. Swab tenggorokan
(Sesi Kedua)
Laboratory finding update:
Urinalysis: RBC 5 -10/HPF; WBC 10 - 20/HPF; Alb +2; Glucose +
Stool examination: normal
RFT: BUN 40 mg/dL; Cr 1 mg/dL
LFT: AST 15 mg/dL; ALT 10 mg/dL
ECG: left bundle branch block and premature ventricular complexes
Throat swab: a throat swab culture showed Corynebacterium diphtheria (gram-positive bacilli)
Penyebab kematian tersering adalah obstruksi jalan napas atau sufokasi setelah aspirasi
pseudomembran.
Pasien dengan difteri bisa datang dengan keluhan di bawah ini:
❖ Demam ringan (jarang > 39°C) (50 - 85%) dan menggigil
❖ Malaise, kelemahan, kelesuan
❖ Sakit tenggorokan (85 - 90%)
❖ Sakit kepala
❖ Limfadenopati cervical dan pembentukan pseudomembran pada saluran napas (sekitar
50%)
❖ Sekret hidung serosanguinous atau seropurulen, membran hidung putih
❖ Suara parau, disfagia (26 - 40%)
❖ Dyspnea, stridor respiratorik, wheezing, batuk
Difteria respiratorik dapat berkembang dengan cepat menjadi gagal napas karena obstruksi
jalan napas atau aspirasi pseudomembran ke dalam pohon trakeobronkial.
4. Prognosis difteri
❖ Keterlibatan jantung berkaitan dengan prognosis yang sangat buruk, terutama AV dan left
bundle branch block (tingkat mortalitas 60 - 90%).
❖ Penyakit bakteremia memiliki tingkat mortalitas 30 - 40%.
❖ Tingkat mortalitas tinggi ada pada penyakit invasif.
❖ Tingkat mortalitas tinggi terdapat pada individu berusia kurang dari 5 tahun dan berusia
lebih dari 40 tahun.