ANALISIS KOMUNITAS

Muhammad Asmuni Hasyim, M.Si

 Analisis data
 INP
 Kesamaan Komunitas
 Keanekaragaman
 Dominansi
 Richness
 Equitabilitas
 Luas Petak (m2)
No Nama Jenis
10x10 20x20 30x30 40x40 50x50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Maesopsis eminii 1 5 7 16 30
2. Paraserianthes falcataria 1 1 1 1 1
3. Pinus merkusii 0 0 0 3 5
4. Altingia excelsa 0 0 7 10 14
5. Calophyllum caulatris 0 0 1 2 2
6. Vitex pubescens 0 3 5 5 6
7. Cananga odorata 0 0 0 1 1
8. Arthocarpus heterophyllus 0 0 0 0 1
9. Langenstromeia speciosa 0 0 0 0 2
10 Pometia pinnata 0 0 0 0 1
11. Alstonia pneumatophora 0 0 0 0 1
12. Strombosia rotunclifolia 0 0 0 1 1
13. Shorea sp 1 3 5 6 9
14. Hevea braciliensis 0 0 0 0 9
15. Schima walichii 0 0 0 1 3
16. Khaya antoteca 0 0 0 2 5
17. Gmelina arboteal 0 0 0 0 1
18. Hopea odorata 0 2 2 2 4
19. Hopea mangarawan 0 0 0 0 2
20. Opuna papuana 0 0 0 0 4
21. Kecapi 0 0 0 1 1
22. Lucuma spp. 0 0 0 0 2
23. Eusideroxylon zwageri 0 0 0 0 1
24. Persea americana 0 0 0 0 1
25. Heriteria littoralis 0 0 0 1 1
26. Kepuh 0 0 2 2 2
27. A 0 1 1 1 1
28. B 0 0 1 1 1
29. C 0 0 1 2 2
30. D 0 0 2 3 3
31. E 0 0 1 2 2
32. F 0 0 1 1 1
33. G 0 0 0 2 3
34. H 0 0 0 1 1
35. I 0 0 0 1 1
36. J 0 0 0 1 1`
37. K 0 0 0 1 2
38. L 0 0 0 0 1
39. M 0 0 0 0 1
40. N 0 0 0 0 2
41. O 0 0 0 0 4
Jumlah Individu 3 15 37 70 136
Jumlah Jenis 3 6 14 26 41
1. Indeks Divertas Margalef (Clifford & Stephenson, 1975) :

S 1
D mg 
LnN
 Dmg = Indeks Margalef
 S = Number of spesies observed
 N = Total number of individual observed
 Ln = logaritma natural
Jadi Hasil Perhitungan untuk Masing-masing Plot, yaitu sebagai berikut :
2
 10 x 10 = = 1,820
Ln3
5
 20 x 20 = = 1,846
Ln15
13
 30 x 30 = = 3,600
Ln37
25
 40 x 40 = = 5,844
Ln70
40
 50 x 50 = = 8,142
Ln136

Luas Petak N S S-1 Ln N Dmg

10 x 10 3 3 2 1,099 1,820
20 x 20 15 6 5 2,708 1,846
30 x 30 37 14 13 3,611 3,600
40 x 40 70 26 25 4,248 5,844
50 x 50 136 41 40 4,913 8,142
2. Indeks Menhinick
Indeks diversitas Menhinick which has the following
formula

S
DMn 
N
dimana :
• S = number of spesies
• N = Total number of individual observed.
Jadi Hasil Perhitungan untuk Masing-masing Plot, yaitu sebagai berikut :
3
 10 x 10 = = 1,732
3
6
 20 x 20 = = 1,549
15
14
 30 x 30 = = 2,302
37
26
 40 x 40 = = 3,108
70
41
 50 x 50 = = 3,516
136

Luas Petak N S √N Dmn

10 x 10 3 3 1,732 1,732
20 x 20 15 6 3,873 1,549
30 x 30 37 14 6,083 2,302
40 x 40 70 26 8,367 3,108
50 x 50 136 41 11,662 3,516
 Shannon-Wiener diversity index
Community 1
Species N pi ln(pi) pi[(ln(pi)]
A 99 0.99 -0.010 -0.010
B 1 0.01 -4.605 -0.046
100 1.00 -0.056
H’ 0.056
Community 2
Species N pi ln(pi) pi[(ln(pi)]
A 50 0.50 -0.693 -0.347
B 50 0.50 -0.693 -0.347
100 1.00 -0.694
8
H’ 0.694
 Evenness

 Measurement of equitability among species in the

community
 Pielou evenness

E = H’ / Hmax
E = Pielou evenness
H’ = calculated Shannon-Wiener diversity
Hmax = ln(s) [species diversity under maximum
equitability conditions]

 values range from near zero to 1

9
 Diversity and evenness
Community 1 Community 2

s 2 2

H’ 0.056 0.694

Hmax 0.693 0.693

E 0.081 1.000
10
 Practice problem
Community 1

Species N pi ln(pi) pi[(ln(pi)]

A 62

B 97

C 110

D 84

E 16

11
3. Indeks Simpson
Indeks Keragaman Simpson digunakan untuk mengetahui
kompleksitas suatu komunitas yang populasnya tak terhingga.
Indeks ini berkisar antara 0 – 1.
Semakin mendekati angka 1 maka komunitas semakin kompleks
dan mantap.
Indeks diversitas Simpson dihitung dengan rumus :

1  D  1    pi 
2

Dimana:
1–D = indeks diversitas Simpson
pi = ni/N = proportion individual I
ni = number of individuals I
N = Total number of individual observed
Plot No. Kuadran Fase pohon
Spesies Jarak Diameter L. bidang dasar (m2)
(m) batang (cm)
1 Shorea leprosula 2 40 ¼x3,14x40x40
=..../10000= 0,1256
1 2 Intsia pelembanica 5 36
3 Octomeles sumatrana 4 42
4 Intsia pelembanica 6 28
1 Octomeles sumatrana 6 34
2 Alstonia scholaris 3 38
2 3 Shorea leprosula 7 32
4 Lagerstroemia 2 50
speciosa
1 Octomeles sumatrana 4 30
2 Alstonia scholaris 6 44
3
3 Shorea leprosula 5 33
4 Octomeles sumatrana 7 45
1 Octomeles sumatrana 3 7...1
2 Octomeles sumatrana 1 6…4
4
3 Shorea leprosula 6 4...6
4 Shorea leprosula 5 5...2
1 Octomeles sumatrana 7 5...0
2 Intsia pelembanica 2 5...0
5
3 Octomeles sumatrana 3 4...7
4 Schima wallichi 4 4...3
Jumlah 88
Rata-rata 88/20=4,4
Hitunglah nilai dari K, Kr, F, Fr, D, Dr, INP, SDR ?
Kerapatan seluruh jenis : 10.000 / (4,4)2 = 516,5 pohon/ha

Jumlah kuadran ditemukan suatu jenis (i)

K= X kerapatan seluruh jenis
Jumlah seluruh kuadran
Thanks......
 Famili Hutan sawah Kebun
Formicidae 1 66 59 51
Formicidae 2 57 40 46
Formicidae 3 70 55 56
Muscidae 1 12 8 20
Colletidae 11 25 9
Noctuidae 2 7 9
Coccinellidae 2 7 7
Cercopidae. 3 7 13
Muscidae 2 5 5 15
Hespridae 3 5 3
Vespidae 6 3 8
Curtonotidae 8 5 7
Dolichopodidae 7 5 9
Cicadellidae 3 6 8
Lygaeidae 5 7 16
Membracidae 4 5 12
Micropezidae 3 9 12
Tenebrionidae 11 7 15
Phasmatidae 20 25 16
Cixidae .... ..... ....
Acrididae ...... ...... .....
Silahkan di analisis dengan menggunakan Simpson.....
 Famili Hutan sawah Kebun
Formicidae 1 76 69 41
Formicidae 2 67 50 36
Formicidae 3 70 55 56
Muscidae 1 12 8 11
Colletidae 11 25 9
Noctuidae 2 9 9
Coccinellidae 12 7 8
Cercopidae. 3 8 13
Muscidae 2 4 7 16
Hespridae 3 4 3
Vespidae 6 3 4
Curtonotidae 10 2 7
Dolichopodidae 1 5 8
Cicadellidae 3 6 8
Lygaeidae 2 7 16
Membracidae 7 7 4
Micropezidae 3 9 11
Tenebrionidae 4 3 14
Phasmatidae 2 5 4
Cixidae .... ..... ....
Acrididae ...... ...... .....
Silahkan di analisis dengan menggunakan diversitas margalef
dan indeks Menhinick dan shannon winner