CFPS Exam Preparation-Mehboob Shaikh (CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
What will you learn after completion of this

section…..?
Statistical Information about long and short term trend in building
performance
Building Design theories and Concepts
Building Codes and their origin
Legal and Administrative context of codes and standards and its
enforcement.
Security Threat to buildings & SVA(Security Vulnerability Analysis)
Gap Analysis using FISH BONE DIAGRAM
Fire Safety concept tree and fire protection mitigation Strategies.
Chapter 01
Challenges to Safety in the built environment

Overview of Types of Peril
Causing Harms

Statistical Information about
Perils

Statistical Information about
Perils
• FIGURE 1.1.2 Deaths Due to Steam or Other Hot Liquid or Vapor, by Age,
1999–2002
• FIGURE 1.1.3 Deaths Due to Falls on or from Stairs or Steps, by Age, 1999–
2002
• FIGURE 1.1.4 Deaths Due to Falls on or from Ladders, by Age, 1999–2002
• FIGURE 1.1.5 Deaths Due to Falls out of Building or by Age, 1999–2002
• FIGURE 1.1.6 Deaths from Falls from Chairs or Beds, by Age, 1999–2002
• FIGURE 1.1.7 Deaths Due to Drowning in Bathtub, by Age, 1999–2002
• FIGURE 1.1.8 Deaths Due to Suffocation in Bed or Cradle, by Age, 1999–
2002

Chapter 02
Fundamentals of Structurally Safe Design

Existing & New buildings
In most communities, new building construction in any
year represents less than 2 percent of the total number of
buildings.
NFPA 101 imposes enforcement of Retroactive

Requirement
Requirements will be applicable to

existing building as well.
Existing building that do not meet
the requirement of Code shall be
permitted to be in use provided
they do not present serious hazard
to the occupants…
Existing & New buildings
Code Developers
Owner
Architect
Insurance Community
Contractor
Design
Ultimate Appropriate
CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) Safety Safety
Design Loads and Forces
Dead Load
Wind
Forces
50 Year or 500 Year
Live Load
Records
Earthquake
Load
Snow Load
500 year records
Engineers must therefore use the external forces specified

by the building code to calculate the distribution of internal CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
forces and deflections in each building element.
Basic Building Components
Moment-Resisting Frames :
Column should resist lateral
forces
Column must be stronger in

bending than its beam
Joint must be welded or bolted
Force X turning Distance
To avoid out of plane

deformation CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
In Plane Bending
Bending from Forces
Perpendicular to wall
Shear Walls :
In Plane Shearing

Resist Lateral Forces
Braced Frame : Eccentrically braced frame (EBF).
Concentrically braced frame (CBF).
Tension-compression bracing
Chevron bracing
Tension-only bracing
K-bracing

Fundamental Design Concepts
when damage is sustained locally, the damage does not
spread to an area disproportionate to the original area of
local damage.
General Structural Integrity Structural Geometry
Load-Path Concept Designing Structures to Resist Overstress
Important features of ductile design include (1) selecting ductile materials

and member configurations, (2) assuring that connections are stronger
than the elements they connect, (3) providing redundancy or backup
Columns are used to transfer loads from roof beams to systems, and (4) controlling damage modes.
foundations. CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
Basic Design methodology
Allowable Stress Design :
Example : A steel beam is made from material with a specified minimum yield strength of 36,000
lb/in.2 (248,000 kPA). Building codes require a minimum factor of safety of 1.5 for simple gravity
(dead plus live) loads. What should be Maximum allowable Stress..?
Maximum Allowable Stress = Minimum Yield Strength / FOS = 36000/1.5 = 24,000 lb/Sq Inch.
One drawback associated with the allowable stress design

method is that the factors of safety used are generally
independent of the certainty inherent in the definition of
the applied loading.
Basic Design methodology
Load & Resistance Factor Design (LFRD):
separates the factor of

safety into components
that are separately applied
to the types of loading
experienced and the types
of elements used
Performance Based Design
Building owners have the three following basic interests in
relation to building performance:
1. Preservation of safety
2. Preservation of capital
3. Preservation of function
OC-1
CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) OC-2 OC-4

OC-3
OC-4
Hospitals; fire, rescue,
and police stations; and
essential communication,
transportation, and water
OC-3 storage facilities.
OC-1
schools or detention facilities
Sheds or agricultural buildings
Normally Unoccupied OC-2
most commercial, residential, and
institutional Structures, Under extreme
loading these structures are expected
to be heavily damaged but not collapse
Superior Poorer
Performance Performance
Loss < 5% of Replacement Loss < 15% Loss < 30% Loss > > 30%
Value
What type of Service you need..?

Benchmark Design Level
structural elements and nonstructural
components have not sustained Serviceability performance.
detrimental cracking or yielding
minor, repairable cracking, yielding, and

permanent deformation of the structure Immediate occupancy
and nonstructural elements may have performance.
occurred
building may experience

substantial damage to structural Collapse prevention
and nonstructural elements, with performance.
some failures occurring.

Chapter 03
Codes and Environment for Built Environment

History of Regulations
The Code of Hammurabi is arguably the most well-known
and best preserved of the regulatory codes serving the
ancient world. It was carved on an 8-foot-high black stone
monument and was clearly intended to be on display in
public view for the citizens of the day. In the year 1901 the
stone was discovered, not in Babylon, but in a city of the
Persian mountains to which some later conqueror is
assumed to have carried it in triumph.
“If a builder has built a house for a man and

his work is not strong and if the house he has
built falls in and kills the householder, the
builder shall be slain . . .”
Key Legal Concept for Engineer
and Enforcer
When a person interferes with another person or
his property.
Negligence
Intentional
Strict liability.
Concept of Safety vs Risk
Inverse Relation
SAFETY RISK
Is it possible to achieve Absolute

safety…? Willingness to Pay
Higher the Safety, Lower is the risk &

higher is the cost…
How much cost is too much…?

Acceptable Level of Risk
Role of Codes in the built
environment
Performance Prescriptive

International Consideration
• “One-Country/One-Vote” Model
• “Full-Consensus” Model

Chapter 05
Fire Prevention and Code Enforcement

Fire Prevention Inspections
Installation On Going Inspection Re-Inspection
Fire Prevention Division

Fire Company Inspection
inspection
Fire Suppression Inspection Personnel

Personnel from FD
Code Enforcement
Fire Prevention Code
Warrants
Code Administration
Red Tag or Condemnation Notices
Enforcement Procedure
Permits Certificates Licenses Notices
Certificate of Occupancy
CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) Citations or Summonses

Fire Investigation
(1) Fire cause determination
(2) Investigation of criminal actions that may have contributed to a fire.
Further Reading Section-3, Chapter 2

& NFPA 921

Public Fire & Life Safety
Education
Public fire and life safety education includes three facets:
(1) Fire prevention education
(2) Fire reaction education, and
(3) Other risk hazards.
Further Reading Section-5
The basic method of instruction is

changing from “preaching” to
“teaching.”

Chapter 06
Premises Security

Department of Homeland
Security(DHS) Preserving our freedoms, protecting
1993 bombing at the World Trade Center America . . . we secure our homeland
Strategic Goals
Awareness
Prevention 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
Protection
Response September 11, 101, terrorist
Recovery attacks
Service
Organizational Excellence
We will lead the unified national
effort to secure America
22 previously disparate domestic agencies

coordinated into one department to protect
the nation against threats to the homeland.
Security Vulnerability
Assessment(SVA)
7 Steps Assessment Procedure
Form team
Asset identification
Threat Assessment
VA
All information
 Does my building represent a potential target? from all 4 Steps
 Are we located near a target?
 Do tenants in my building elevate the risk by attracting an attack? Risk Reduction
 Are we capable of dispersing critical operations or staff to backup
locations?
 Can we separate screened from no screened people routinely or as Documentation
part of response to an attack in progress? CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
Concentric Circles or Layered
Approach
Discourage an adversary from attempting an assault
Determine that an undesirable event has occurred

or is occurring
Impede adversary penetration into a protected area.
Counteract adversary

Chapter 07
Protecting Against Extreme Events

Mitigation Strategies for terrorist
attacks
Deflect Disperse
Disguise Stop

Emergency responder
consideration
 Fire department notification system
 Mass notification systems
 Site and building access
 Fire command center
 Internal communication systems
 Fire protection equipment
 Water supply
 Smoke purge systems
 Emergency response plans

Chapter 08
Emergency Management & Business Continuity

Laws, Regulations & Industry
Codes of Practice

GAP Analysis
Identify any shortfalls in the quantity, response time,

capability, limitations, cost, or liability associated with
required resources
GAP Analysis(Fish-Bone Analysis)

Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa
Fish-Bone Analysis for a LAB FIRE
5 Wives & 1 Husband Why
What
When
Where
Problems
Which
How
Effect
Causes CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
Business Continuity
Minimizes Downtime
Communicating with
confidence
Protecting What’s important
Ensuring Recovery Resuming

Operations

Chapter 09
System Approach to Fire Safe building Design

Objective and Fire Safe Design
1. Life safety
2. Property protection
3. Continuity of operations
4. Environmental protection
5. Heritage conservation

Fire safety Concepts Tree & Fire
Safety Design Strategies



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CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

What will you learn after completion of this

Challenges to Safety in the built environment