BULK ACTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Section-Bulk Active structure :

― The structure experiences bending loads and the whole
material in the section resists bending. High quality material is
consumed since it is the actual depth that works.
― The principle of bulk active structural sytem is the distribution
of load in two directions.

• Elements of bulk active structure system:

1. VERTICAL ELEMENTS- columns & walls
2. HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS- beams & slab
 COLUMNS & WALLS
• COLUMN: Structural elements that transfer the load of the
structure above to the other structural elements below
through compression.

BRICK COLUMN STONE COLUMN RCC COLUMN MS SECTIONS

• BEARING WALLS: A compressive member that is continuous in
one direction, distributes vertical load and gradually transfers
it to the soil.
 BEAMS AND SLAB
• BEAMS: A beam is a linear structural member with loading
applied perpendicular to its long axis; such as bending load.

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CANTILEVER BEAM FIXED BEAM

CONTINUOUS BEAM
 One and Two bay
frames

One and Two

bay beams
 Beam grid system

Slab structure
Hinged frame structure
 Single storey multi
panel frame

Supported at
both end

Two storey multipanel

frames

Cantilever at both end

 TURIN EXHIBITION HALL
• Torino Esposizioni is
an exhibition hall and
convention centre
in Turin, Italy which was
primarily completed in 1948,
designed by Pier Luigi Nervi.
• The structure was utilized for
the construction of the large
central hall. With an almost
square plan, two side
galleries and a semicircular
apse, the hall covers
approximately 200 square
meters.
• The heavier structures,
which could not be placed in
the upper zone, are located in
another semi-circular hall
below it
 The prefabrication process made the shape of
the beams possible, with their enlargement
towards the structural piers responding
integrally to the building's static requirements

The roof slabs over the lower level and the side
galleries of the hall are replaced by precast beams
7.50 meters in length, supporting slabs with a
double curvature; these are bound together and
statically completed by a thin floor slab.
• The fan-shaped
transitional elements
connecting the
corrugated roof to the
structural piers and
transferring the load
from roof to the pier as
shown in figure.
 The large 96m X 75m hall has a thin,
corrugated vaulted roof made of a series of
ferrocement components structurally bound to
each other.

The installation took place by using a special scaffolding with reinforced concrete ribs along the
ridges and valleys of the roof section. The elements, as wide as one of the "waves" and 4.40
meters in length, have a thickness of 4 centimeters.

These systems are essentially based on prefabrication and the use of ferrocement.
 The structure is completed on its upper
surface by a ferrocement slab having a
thickness of approximately 3cm. The
overall depth, taking into account the
dimension of the ribs, is approx 7cm
The ribs connecting the precast rhomboids
are visible on the interior and constitute an
effective architectural motif.

The rotunda's half-

dome, having a
diameter of 40 meters,
the construction
system utilized was
based on the
prefabrication of
rhomboid-shaped
elements, connected
by ribs in reinforced
concrete.

The roof of the hall during construction. Note the scale of human figures in the vast frame
of the structure.
 Clamart Sports Center
Location : Clamart, France
Architect : Gaetan Le Penhuel Architects
 INTRODUCTION
• The new Clamart Sports Centre is ‘an
authentic city of sports’ with a shape designed
to follow the curves of the landscape. The
sports complex includes a gym, a martial arts
dōjō, a track and field area, and a tennis court
– all in one floor.
• Due to its complex geometry, the roof and INDOOR GYM

framework design of the Clamart Sports

Centre posed advanced technical and
aesthetic challenges.

AERIAL VIEW
TIMBER RAFTERS
STRUCTURE DETAILS
• Surface area 130 m x 40 m = approx.
5,200 m²
• 1000 steel assemblies, all different
• Height of largest rafter: 1200 mm TENSION AND COMPRESSION
• Box beams with different curvature and FORCE

assembled with continuity plates:

– 562 secondary rafters with lengths
varying from 2.8 m to 4.3 m
– 41 cross-members with a total
length of 40 m
– 28 longitudinal columns with
varying lengths between 5 and 8.5
m
• Maximum beam span: 30.4 m between
supports
AIRCRAFT HANGER
LOCATION: ORVIETO,ITLAY.

ENGINEER: PIER LUIGI NERVI.

COMPLETION: 1935

MATERIAL USED: PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE

DIMENSIONS: -SPAN- 44.8M.

-LENGTH-111.5M.

DESTROYED: IN 1944 DURING GERMAN BOMBING

• UNDER
CONSTRUCTION

• SKETCHUP
RENDER OF
THE HANGAR
• Reinforced concrete roof made up of a
lattice of diagonal bow beams, 6 inches (15
centimeters) thick and 3.7 feet (1.1 meters)
deep, intersecting at about 17-foot (5-
meter) centers.
• They supported a deck of reinforced,
hollow terra-cotta blocks covered with
corrugated asbestos-cement, using
geodetic pattern.

• Precast experiment at the site

 TENSION

COMPRESSION
RICHMOND OLYMPIC OVAL
LOCATION: British Columbia,CANADA.

ARCHITECT: Cannon Design,TORONTO

MATERIAL USED: Timber, Steel and

Concrete.

DIMENSIONS: SPAN- 100M.

USE: Multi-sports and Fitness facility.

^Under construction
LOAD TRANSFER :

^Image showing Clear Span

 THANK YOU

GROUP MEMBERS:
TALHA.H
ROHIT.M
HUZEFA.J
USAMA.S
SHOAIB.M
SATYA.M
MARIYA.N
ASHFAQ.S
TAHER.A