CEE-3313: REINFORCED

CONCRETE DESIGN AND

PROJECT- I
2014/2015
Y3-CE/UR/CST
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Introduction to column
Columns act as vertical supports to
beams and slabs, and to transmit the
loads to the foundations. Columns are
primarily compression members,
although they may also have to resist
bending moment transmitted by beams.
Columns may be classified as short or slender,
braced or unbraced depending on various
dimensional and structural factors.
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• Failure modes of columns

Columns may fail in one of three mechanisms:
1. Compression failure of the concrete or steel
reinforcement;
2. Buckling
3. Combination of buckling and compression
failure.
Compression failure is likely to occur with
columns which are short and stocky.
Buckling is probable with columns which are
long and slender.
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• Failure modes of columns

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Short and slender columns
A braced column is classified as being short
if:
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Blaced and unblaced columns
• A column may be considered braced
in a given plane if lateral stability to
the structure as a whole is provided
by wall or bracing or buttressing
designed to resist all lateral forces in
that plane. It should otherwise be
considered as unbraced.
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Blaced and unblaced columns
Braced in Y-direction

Braced in both direction

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Blaced and unblaced columns
Unbraced in both directions.
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Effective height of column
The effective height, le of a column in a given
plane may be obtained from the following
equation:
Where b is a coefficient depending on the fixity
at the column ends and lo is the height of the
columns.
Effective height for a column in two plane
directions may be different.
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Effective height of column
b for braced column can be obtained from Table
below.

• End condition 1 signifies that the column end is fully

restrained.
• End condition 2 signifies that the column end is partially
restrained .
• End condition 3 signifies that the column is nominally
restrained.
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Effective height of column
b for unbraced column can be obtained from Table
below.
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Effective height of column
• End condition 1 – the end of the column is
connected monolithically to beams on either
side which are at least as deep as the overall
dimension of the column in the plane
considered. Where the column is connected to
foundation, it should be designed to carry
moment
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Effective height of column
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Effective height of column
• End condition 2 – the end of column is
connected monolithically to beams or slabs on
either side which are shallower than the
overall dimension of the column in the plane
considered.
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Effective height of column
• End condition-2
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Effective height of column

• End condition 3 – the end of the column is

connected to members which, while not
specifically designed to provide restraint to
rotation of the column will nevertheless, provide
some nominal restraint.
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Effective height of column
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• Short column design

The short column are divided into three
categories:
1. Columns resisting axial load only,
2. Columns supporting an approximately
symmetrical arrangement of beams,
3. Columns resisting axial loads and uniaxial or
biaxial bending
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• Short column design
B2 will resist an axial load only, as it supports beams
equal in length and symmetrically arranged.
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• Short column design
• C2 supports a symmetrical arrangement of
beams but which are unequal in length. If (a)
the loadings on the beam are uniformly
distributed, (b) the beam spans do not differ
by more than 15 percent, the column C2
belongs to category 2. If the column does not
meet criteria (a) and (b), then the column
belongs to category 3.
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• Short column design
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Theoretical strength of reinforced
concrete column.

The equation is derived on the assumption that the

axial load is applied perfectly at the Centre of the
column.
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Theoretical strength of reinforced
concrete column.
To allow for nominal eccentricity, BS 8110 reduce
the theoretical axial load capacity by about 10%.
Design maximum axial load capacity of short
column is:
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Short braced column supporting an approximately
symmetrical arrangement of beams.
The column is subjected to axial and small moment
when it supports approximately symmetrical
arrangement of beams.
The design ultimate axial load for a short column of this
type may be calculated from:
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Short braced column supporting an approximately
symmetrical arrangement of beams.
The column is subjected to axial and small moment
when it supports approximately symmetrical
arrangement of beams.
The design ultimate axial load for a short column of this
type may be calculated from:
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Arrangement of reinforcement
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Critical zone
Critical zone within a column is the location
having greatest moment under lateral load so
that plastic hinges can be formed more readily.
Denser transverse reinforcements are thus
required for confinement so as to increase both
strength and ductility (deformation capacity
after yielding) of the column at those critical
zones.
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Critical zone
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Critical zone

Hc varies from h or D
To 2h or 2D
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Critical zone
Within the critical zone, the diameter of the link
should not be less than the greater of 10mm or
¼ of the largest longitudinal bar diameter.
The centre to centre distance of transverse
reinforcement should not exceed the lesser of
8times the diameter of the longitudinal bar
being restrained or 150mm
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Eg: An internal column in a two storey building
carries symmetrical beams and the design load
of 3300KN. If the column is 350mm square and
the clear height is 4.5m, design the longitudinal
reinforcement and links.
Take f cu  40MPa and f y  500MPa