Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1 Week 1 Module 1

Learning Competencies:

1. Illustrates the different types of conics: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola and
degenerated cases;
2. Defines circle;
3. Determine the standard form of a circle;
4. Graphs a circle in a rectangular coordinate system. (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1, 2, 3, 4)

Lesson 1

Circles

1.1 An overview of Conic Section (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1)

INTRODUCTION

CONIC SECTIONS

A conic section is the intersection of a plane and a cone. Observe the shape of
the slice that results. The angle at which the cone is sliced produces three
different types of conics sections.

There are three basic conics sections: parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas. Note
that circles are a special type of an ellipse.

1.2 Definition and equation of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2)

LESSON 1- CIRCLES

A circle is consist of all points on the plane equidistant from a fixed point called the
center. The distance from the center to any point on the circle is constant and is called
the radius of the circle.
1.3 Finding the Equation of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3)

The distance formula can be used to find the equation of a circle with radius 𝑟. If the
radius 𝑟 has endpoints (ℎ, 𝑘) and (𝑥, 𝑦), then
The General Form of a Circle

The general form of a circle is 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑨𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, where 𝐴 ≠ 0.

Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

1. Rewrite the equation (if needed) so that the coefficient of 𝑥 2 is 1 and
only 𝑥 2 - and 𝑥-terms are on the left-hand side.
2. Add the square of one-half the coefficient of 𝑥 to each side of the equation.
3. Write the left-hand side as a square of a binomial and simplify the right-hand side.
4. Use the Square Root Property.
5. Solve for 𝑥 and simplify if necessary.

EXAMPLE
Identify the center and the radius of the circle with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 5.

SOLUTION
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 = 5 + 4 Use completing the square.
(𝑥 − 2) 2+ 𝑦 2 = 9 Simplify.
Therefore, the center is at (2, 0) and 𝑟 = 3

EXAMPLE 6
Write  x - 22 + y + 12 = 9 in general form.

SOLUTION
x2  4x  4  y2  2y  1  9 Expand the square of a
binomial.

x2  y2  4x  2y  4  0 Simplify and arrange the

terms.

1.4 Sketching the Graph of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-4)

EXAMPLE 7
Sketch the graph of a circle with radius 3 and center at (0,0).

SOLUTION Let C to represent the center of the circle at (0, 0), from point C move 3
units up, down, to the left and to the right. The graph of the circle is shown below.
EXAMPLE 12

A seismological station is located at (0, -4), 4 km away from a straight shoreline where
the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was determined to be 6 km
away from the station.

(a) Find the equation of the curve that contains the possible location of the epicenter.

(b) If furthermore, the epicenter was determined to be 1 km away from the shore, find its
possible coordinates (round off to two decimal places).