2018 H2 MA Prelim Compilation - Binomial Distribution (Solutions)

ACJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6

6
(i) Let random variable X be the number of red light bulbs
X ~ B(20, 0.4)
P(X<20-X) = P(X<10) = P(X  9) = 0.755337 = 0.755 ( to 3 s.f)

(ii) Let random variable A be the number of boxes with fewer red light bulbs than blue
A ~ B(n, 0.755337)
P(A  2)  0.999
1 – P( A  1)  0.999
P( A  1)  0.001

From GC,
n P( A  1)
6 0.00419
7 0.00119
8 0.00033

Greatest possible value of n = 7

(iii)
E(X) = 20(0.4) = 8
Var(X) = 20(0.4)(0.6) = 4.8
n = 40 is large. From central limit theorem
4.8
X ~ N(8, ) approximately
50
P( X  7.5) = 0.05329158=0.0533 (3 s.f)

(iv) In the context of the question, the number of boxes that the customer can select is not
fixed (sample size is not fixed). Hence a binomial distribution is not an appropriate model
as it requires a fixed number of trials.

AJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6

6 (i) Assumption: The probability that the eggs are lighter than standard weight is constant. The
weight of an (randomly chosen) egg is independent of the weight of another (randomly chosen)
egg.
(ii) Let X be the number of eggs that are lighter than standard weight in a tray of 30 eggs.
X ~ B(30, p)
P (X = 0, 1) = P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1)
 30  0  30  1
=   p (1  p)    p (1  p)
30 29

0 1
 G  (1  p)30  30 p 1  p  = 1  p  1  29 p 
29 29

(iii) 1  p  1  29 p   0.96
29

Using GC, p = 0.1057495…

(iv) Let Y be the number of trays that are rejected in a day.

Y ~ B(50,1  0.96)
Y ~ B(50, 0.04)
P(1  Y  3)  P(Y  3)  P(Y  0) = 0.731
Probability that two trays are rejected if the day’s production is rated as ‘fair’
 P(2 trays are rejected | the day's production is 'fair')
P(Y  2 and 1  Y  3) P(Y  2)
= 
P(1  Y  3) P(1  Y  3)
0.2762328
  0.378
0.7309834

CJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q5

5(i) 1
The probability, , of a shopper finding a mystery item is a constant for all shoppers.
p
Or
The event where a shopper finds a mystery item is independent of all other shoppers finding a
mystery item.
(ii) Let X be the random variable denoting the number of shoppers who found a mystery item out
of 10 shoppers.
Then X ~ B(10, 1 )
p
Given P( X  3)  15 ( 2  1)7
4
3 7
 1   1  15
10
C3    1    ( 2  1)7
 p  p 4
120 15
10 
p  1  ( 2  1)7
7

p 4
Hence, p  2
Alternative Method – using graph
15
P( X  3)  ( 2  1)7
4
 From GC, p = 1.4142136 or 22.303621
Since 0  p  2 , hence p = 1.41 (to 3 s.f.)

(iii) Let Y be the random variable denoting the number of games where three shoppers found a
mystery item out of 10 shoppers out of n games.
15
Y ~ B(n, ( 2  1)7 )
4
P(Y  2)  1  P(Y  2)  0.01
Using GC,
n 1  P(Y  2)
56 0.0098
57 0.0103
58 0.0108
Hence the least value of n is 57.

OR
P(Y  2)  1  P(Y  2)  0.01
P(Y  2)  0.99
Using GC,
n P(Y  2)
56 0.9902
57 0.9897
58 0.9892
Hence the least value of n is 57.
 DHS Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6
6(i) Let X be the random variable denoting the number of questions answered correctly out of 15.
 1
X B 15, 
 n
P( X  3)  P( X  4)

   
15  1   n  1   15  1   n  1 
3 12 4 11

3  n   n  4  n   n 
 n 1  1
   3 
 n  n
n4
Using your GC to check the answer
From GC, n  4

(ii)  1
X B 15, 
 4

Method 1

Let T be the score for 15 questions.

Then T  3 X  (15  X )  4 X  15

s  E(T )  4E( X )  15
  1 
 4 15     15  0
  4 

Method 2

1 3
Let A be the score for 1 question. E  A  3    1   0
4 4

s  E T   E  A1  A2   A15   15E  A  0

Method 3

Let Y be the random variable denoting the number of questions answered incorrectly out of
 3
15. Y B 15,  .
 4
 s  3E( X )  E(Y )
  1    3 
 3 15     15     0
  4    4 
(iii) P(4  T  4)  P(4  4 X  15  4)

 P(2.75  X  4.75)

 P(3  X  4)

 P( X  4)  P( X  2) or 2P( X  4) or 2P( X  3)

 0.450

EJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q7

7 (i)
A student replying has a constant probability of 0.6.
The event of a student replying is independent of another student.
OR
Whether a student replies is independent of another student.
(ii)
Some students are more likely to reply a message. Hence the assumption of equal probability
might not hold.
(iii)
Let X be the number of students that reply, out of 25.
X ~ B  25,0.6 
Required probability  P  X  13
 1  P  X  12 
 0.84623  5sf 
 0.846  3sf 
Let Y be the number of students that reply, out of 25. Let p be the new probability of a student
replying.
Y ~ B  25, p 

Given that P Y  20   0.9  or P Y  20  0.1

 Probability

0.9

p
0.89938

Therefore, the least probability of a student replying is 0.899 [accept 0.900].

HCI Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q9

9(i) Binomial distribution.
The colour of a ball chosen is independent of another.
9(ii) Let Y denote no of red balls obtained in 2n draws from the bag.
 1
Y B  2n, 
 3
P Y  10   0.5
When n  15, P Y  10   0.5848  0.5
When n  16, P Y  10   0.4836  0.5
Thus least n  16.
9(iii)  1
Let S denote no of red balls obtained by Sue. S B  5, 
 3
 1
Let B denote no of red balls obtained by Ben. B B  5, 
 3
Required probability
 P  Sue wins | gets > 3 red balls 
P  Sue wins and gets > 3 red balls 

P  gets >3 red balls 
P  S  4  P  B  3  P  S  5  P  B  4 

1  P  S  3
0.0433877

0.045267
 0.958
9(iv) Let T denote number of balls drawn before Sue obtains 2 yellow balls.
 3 2 1
P T  2   P YY   . 
6 5 5
3 3 2 3
P T  3  P YY ' Y , Y ' YY   . . .2 
6 5 4 10
3 3 2 2 3
P T  4   P YY ' Y ' Y , Y ' YY ' Y , Y ' Y ' YY   . . . .3 
6 5 4 3 10
P  T  5
 P YY ' Y ' Y ' Y , Y ' YY ' Y ' Y , Y ' Y ' YY ' Y , Y ' Y ' Y ' YY 
3 3 2 1 2 1
 . . . . .4 
6 5 4 3 2 5
E(T)
1 3 3 1
  2      3     4      5    3.5
 5  10   10   5
Var T   E T 2    E T  
2

2 1 2 3  2 3  2 1
  2      3     4      5     3.5
2

 5  10   10   5
 13.3   3.5
2

21
 1.05 or
20

IJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q5

Qn Binomial Distribution
5 P( X  1)  0.15
 25  25  25 
  1  p     p 1  p   0.15
24
0 1
1  p 25  25 p 1  p 24  0.15
or 1  p 24 1  24 p   0.15
 

Using GC, p  0.12865

 0.129 (to 3 s.f.)

Var( X )  np(1  p)
 25(0.12865)(1  0.12865)
 2.80 (to 3 s.f.)
JJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q8
8(i) It is inappropriate to model the number of blue marbles by a
binomial distribution because the marbles are drawn without
replacement, the colour of the marbles depends on that of the
previous draw.
(ii) Required probability
10 9 8 8 7 5!
10
C3  8C2
      or
18 17 16 15 14 3!  2! 18
C5
20
 or 0.392
51
(iii)  12   3
R ~ B  n,   B  n, 
 32   8
E(R) = 4.5
3
 n  4.5
8
n  12
P( R > 4) = 1 – P(R  4)
= 0.48972  0.490 (3 sig figs)

(iv)  3
R ~ B  n, 
 8
P(R = 0 or 1) < 0.01

 P  R  0)  P( R  1 < 0.01

n n 1
5  3  5 
    n    0.01
8  8  8 

From GC, least n = 15

MI Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q9
9(i) Two assumptions are:
1. The probability of a student being male is the same for each student.
2. Whether a student is male is independent of other students.
9(ii) P( X  1)  0.05  (1  p)10  10 p(1  p)9  0.05
 (1  p )9 (1  9 p )  0.05
 From graphing calculator, p = 0.394. (3 s.f.)
9(iii) Let Y be the number of samples of 10 students, out of 8, with at least 2 male students.
Then Y ~ B(8, P(X ≥ 2)), i.e. Y ~ B(8, 0.95).
Required probability = P(Y = 7) ≈ 0.27933 = 0.279. (3 s.f.)
OR 8 C7 (0.95)7 (0.05)  0.279. (3 s.f.)
9(iv) x P(X = x)

3 0.21499

4 0.25082

5 0.20066

From graphing calculator, the highest probability occurs when X = 4, so most probable
number of male students in a sample of 10 is 4, i.e. most probable number of female students
= 10 − 4 = 6.
9(v) Let S be the sum of 60 independent observations of X.
E(S) = 60E(X) = 60(10)(0.4) = 240.
Var(S) = 60Var(X) = 60(10)(0.4)(0.6) = 144.
Since n = 60 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
S ~ N(240, 144) approximately.
P(S > 230) ≈ 0.79767 = 0.798. (3 s.f.)
 MJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q7
Qn Suggested Solutions
7 Binomial Distribution
(i) (I) Whether a patient has diabetes is independent of any other patient who has diabetes.
(S) The probability that a patient has diabetes is constant for all patients.
(ii) (I) Patients who are selected may be family members hence each of them having diabetes are not
independent of each other. OR
(S) The probability of a patient having diabetes is not a constant as the elderly have a higher
probability of having diabetes. OR any reasonable factors e.g. lifestyle, diet, race, age
(iii) Let X be the number of patients, out of 24, who have diabetes.
 1
X ~ B  24, 
 9
Probability that in a sample of 25, the 25th patient is the third patient who has diabetes
 P  X  2  P  the 25th patient is the third patient who has diabetes 
1
 0.25531  0.0284
9
(iv) P  X  n   0.9
Using GC, When n  4 , P  X  4   0.87974  0.9
When n  5 , P  X  5  0.95653  0.9
Therefore least n  5

NJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q10

10 (i) The event that each agent has an ADI occurs independently for all agents in the sample.
The probability that each agent has an ADI is constant.
10 (ii) Let Y denote the number of insurance agents with ADI out of 30 randomly chosen Prodential
insurance agents. Then

Y ~ B(30, 0.052).

P(Y > 3) = 1 − P(Y < 2)

= 0.2032366271
= 0.203 (3sf)
10 (iii) Let W denote the number of insurance agents with ADI out of 10 randomly chosen Avila
insurance agents. Then

W ~ B(10, p).
 P W  5   0.12294
10  5
  p (1  p)  0.12294
5

 
5
1

 0.12294  5
p(1  p)     0.21760, i.e., k  0.21760
 252 
p 2  p  0.21760  0
p  0.68 or 0.32

Since p < 0.5, p = 0.32

10 (iv) E W   10  0.24  2.4

Var W   10  0.24  (1  0.24)  1.824

Since sample size, 40, is large, by Central Limit Theorem,

 1.824 
W ~ N  2.4,  approximately.
 40 

 
Therefore, P 2.3  W  2.5  0.36042  0.360 (to 3 s.f.).
10 (v) With a larger sample size, the variance of W will decrease. This means that the distribution
of W will have a higher concentration about its mean, 2.4, and therefore the value of
 
P 2.3  W  2.5 will increase.

NYJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6

Qn Suggested Answers
6(i) Let Di be the random variable denoting the score of the ith throw of the die for i = 1, 2
P  X  2
 P  D1  1, D2  5  +P  D1  2, D2  4   P  D1  3, D2  3
 P  D1  4, D2  2   P  D1  5, D2  1
11 5
=  5 
66 36
6(ii) P  X  2 | D1 is even 
P  X  2 and D1 is even 

P  D1 is even 
P  D1  2, D2  4  +P  D1  4, D2  2 
=
P  D1 is even 
 15 15
   
66 66 5
= 
3 9
6
6(iii) Let W be the random variable denoting number of games, out of 10, that a special prize is
won.
P(winning a special prize)
1 5 11
= P  X  1  P  X  2    
6 36 36
 11 
W ~ B 10, 
 36 
Probability required
= P  3  W  8   P W  8   P W  2 
 0.63173  0.632
6(iv) Let n be the number of games needed.
Let Y be the random variable denoting number of games, out of n, that a special prize is
won.
 11 
Y ~ B  n, 
 36 
P Y  1  0.998  1  P Y  0   0.998

Using GC,
n 1  P Y  0  1  P Y  0   0.998

17 0.99797  3 × 105
18 0.99859 5.9 × 104
Least n = 18

PJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q9

9(i) 1) The assessment results of the candidates are independent of each other.
2) The probability of each candidate passing the assessment is constant.

(ii) P( S  40)  1  P( S  40)  0.66916  0.669

P  S  m   0.9
(iii)
1  P  S  m  1  0.9
P  S  m  1  0.1
When m  36 , P  S  m  1  0.0362 ( 0.1)
When m  37 , P  S  m  1  0.0632 ( 0.1)
 When m  38 , P  S  m  1  0.1041 ( 0.1)
When m  39 , P  S  m  1  0.1618 ( 0.1)
Hence, greatest value of m is 37.

(iv) P  S  45  1  P  S  44   0.24378  0.244

P  45  S  50 
(v) P  S  50 | S  45 
P  S  45 
P  S  49   P  S  44 
  0.94307  0.943
1  P  S  44 

(vi) X ~ Number of good days, out of 50.

X ~ B  50,0.24378
P  X  10   0.29608  0.296

RI Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q11
11(i) The probability that Jon takes the ingredients from each bowl is constant at 0.4. However, the
[2] probability may not be constant as Jon may prefer certain ingredients and be more likely to
take the ingredients from some bowls than others.
OR
Jon takes the ingredients from each bowl independently of other bowls. However, Jon may not
take the ingredients independently as he may consider that some ingredients go well together
while others do not.
(ii) X ~ B(n, 0.4) Alternatively, P  n   P  n  1
[2] P  C (0.4) (0.6)
n 7 n 7
n 7 n 1 n 1 7
7 n 7
C7 (0.4) (0.6)  7
C7 (0.4) (0.6)
Find n such that P has the greatest value.
n P
n!
0.6 
 n  1!
16 0.18889 7! n  7  ! 7! n  1  7 !
17 0.19267  n  P has
  0.6  1
18 0.18916  n7
From GC, n  17 . 0.6n  n  7
35
P has greatest value when n = 17 n  17.5
2
greatest value when n = 17
(iii) When n  6 , X ~ B(6, 0.4) .
[2] P(at least 3 different ingredients each on Mon and Thur)
  P( X  3)  1  P( X  2)  0.208 (3s.f.)
2 2

(iv) When n  12 , X ~ B(12, 0.4) .

[1] P(at least 6 different ingredients on Sat)  P( X  6)  1  P( X  5)  0.335 (3s.f.)
(v) Part (iv) includes the cases in part (iii) as well as other cases. For example, the case of Jon
[1] taking exactly 2 different ingredients from A to F and exactly 4 different ingredients from G to
L is included in part (iv) but not in part (iii).
(vi) 4
2
16 65
[3] P( K  4.5)  P( K  5)  1  P( K  4)  1     1  
9 81 81
  65  
Expected amount Kai pays  $ 3  2     $4.60 (to nearest cent)
  81  
  16   65  
OR $ 3    5     $4.60 (to nearest cent)
  81   81  
(vii) P( K  k )  P( K  k )  P( K  k  1), k  1, 2,..., n
[1] 2 2
 k   k 1  k 2  (k 2  2k  1)
     
n  n  n2
2k  1
 2 (shown)
n
(viii) Expected number of different ingredients Kai takes

 
[2] n
1 n
  k P( K  k )  2  2k 2  k
k 0 n k 1
1  2n(n  1)(2n  1) n( n  1) 
 
n 2  6 2 
(n  1)  4n  1

6n

RVHS Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q7

7. Solution [10 marks]
(i)
Let X be the r.v. “no of customers who uses cashless payment”
out of 30.
 p 
X ~ B  30, 
 100 
P  X  1  0.245
P  X  0   P  X  1  0.245
 30    30   p 
30 29
p  p 
  1     1   1    0.245
 0   100     100  100 
30 29
 p   p 
1    0.3 p 1    0.245  0
 100   100 

Using Solver in GC,

p  8.811
 (ii)
Let Y be the r.v. “no of customers who use cashless payment”
out of 29.
Y ~ B  29,0.3
Required Probability
 P Y  9   0.3
 0.0471872337
 0.0472

(iii)
X ~ B  30,0.3

Let W be the r.v. “no of customers who use cashless payment”

out of 60.
W ~ B  60,0.3

Requires probability
P( X 1  13, X 2  2)  P( X 1  14, X 2  1)  P( X 1  15, X 2  0)

P(W  16)
2   P( X  13)P( X  2)  P( X  14)P( X  1)  P( X  15)P( X  0) 

P(W  15)
= 0.0008312264247
 0.000831

(iv)
The assumption is that the people being surveyed are all
different in both samples.
(OR Samples are independently and identically distributed.)

SAJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q7

7 (i) Let W denote the number of shots that hits the bullseye 40m away from the target out of 18
shots.

2
W ~ B(18, (95  40))
195
22
W ~ B(18, )
39
 P W  6 W  10 
P [W  6]  [W  10]

P(W  10)
P  7  W  10 

P(W  10)
P W  10   P W  6 

P(W  10)
0.51941

0.56103
 0.926 (to 3 s.f.)

7(ii) Let Y denote the number of shots that hits the bullseye x m away from the target out of 18 shots.
2
Y ~ B(18, (95  x))
195
 190 2 
Y ~ B(18,   x )
 195 195 

P Y  2   0.98
1  P Y  0   P Y  1  0.98
P Y  0   P Y  1  0.02
18
  190 2  
1   195  195 x  
  
 18  190 2    190 2   
1 17
  C1    x   1    x     0.02
  195 195    195 195   

 1 2   18  190 2   1 2  
18 1 17

  x    C1    x   x    0.02
 39 195    195 195   39 195  
Using the GC,
x = 67.3 m (to 3 s.f.)

SRJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6

6 Let X be the r.v. “number of boxes that contain at most 3 Grade A jackfruit pulps in a
box out of 1000 boxes”
X B 1000,0.00245
E  X   1000  0.00245   2.45
Var  X   2.45 1  0.00245   2.444
In 5 years, there are 60 months altogether.
 Mean number of boxes with at most 3 Grade A jackfruit pulps is
X  X 2  X 3  ......  X 60
X 1
60
Since sample size is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
 2.444 
X N  2.45,  approximately
 60 
 
From GC, P X  3  0.00321 (correct to 3 sig fig)

SRJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q12

12 (i) The event that a passenger shows up or fails to show up is independent of the other
passengers.

The probability that a passenger does not show up is a constant at 0.08 for every
passenger.
(ii) Let X denote the number of passengers with reservations and show up out of 300
passengers.
X ~ B(300 , 0.92)
P( X  280)  1  P( X  280)  0.16948
= 0.169 (3 s.f.)
(iii) Let Y denote the number of passengers with reservations and show up out of n
passengers.
Y ~ B(n , 0.92)
P(Y  280)  0.01
1  P(Y  280)  0.01
P(Y  280)  0.99
Using GC,
When n = 292, P(Y  280)  0.9973  0.99
When n = 293, P(Y  280)  0.9944  0.99
When n = 294, P(Y  280)  0.9891  0.99
Hence the maximum reservations that should be accepted is 293.
(iv) Let W denote the number of train journeys which is overbooked, out of 7.
W ~ B(7 , 0.16948)
P(W  0)  0.27255 = 0.273 (3 s.f.)
(v) Let X denote the number of passengers with reservations and show up out of 300
passengers.
X ~ B(300, 0.92)
Let V denote the number of passengers with reservations and show up out of 600
passengers.
V ~ B(600, 0.92)
P(281  one train journey  282 | V  550)
 2  P( X 1  281)P( X 2  269)  P( X 1  282)P( X 2  268) 
=
P(V  550)
2  0.0068344
=
0.40297
 0.0339199
= 0.0339 (3 s.f.)

TJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q10

10 Let X be the number of wasabi-flavoured sweets (out of n sweets).
X B  n, 0.2 
P  X  3 = P  X  2   0.3
n P  X  2
 17 0.30962 least n is 18
(i) The 18 0.27134 binomial distribution is not an appropriate model as the
number of packets to be selected (in order to find a packet with exactly 12 wasabi-flavoured
sweets) is not fixed.

(ii) Let Y be the number of wasabi-flavoured sweets (out of 20).

Y B  20, 0.2 
P Y  3  1  P Y  2   0.7939152811  0.794 (3 s.f.)
P 3  Y  9
(iii) P Y  9 | Y  3 
P Y  3

P Y  9   P Y  2 

P Y  3
= 0.997

Probability =  P Y  3    0.7939153  0.0995

10 10
(iv)

(v) Let W be the number of wasabi-flavoured sweets (out of 200).

W B  200, 0.2 
P W  30  = 1  P W  29  = 0.972
(vi) The events in part (iv) is a subset of the events in part (v).
Hence the answer to part (v) is greater than the answer to part (iv).
 TPJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q9
9(i) Each round has the same probability of winning with “Black”.
Winning with “Black” in a round is independent of winning with “Black”
in another round.
(ii) Let X be the number of wins with “Black” in 10 rounds.
 18   9
X ~ B 10,  or X ~ B 10, 
 38   19 
9 90
Expected number of wins  E  X   10    4.74 (3 s.f.)
19 19
(iii) Probability required  1  P  X  5 
 0.31412 (5 s.f.)
 0.314 (3 s.f.)
(iv) Each round of roulette is independent of any other round of roulette.
Hence, the probability that the player will win the fifth round of roulette
9
given that the player has won two of the previous rounds  .
19

Alternatively,
Probability required  P  win fifth round | won two previous rounds 
P  win fifth round and won two previous rounds 

P  won two rounds out of four 
2 2
4 9   9 9
 2   19   1  19   19
  2 2
4 9   9
 2   19   1  19 
 
9

19
(v) Let Y be the number of “good” casino visits out of 20 visits.
Y ~ B  20, 0.31412 
Consider P Y  k  , where 0  k  20.
When k  5, P Y  5  0.16582
When k  6, P Y  6   0.18986
When k  7, P Y  7   0.17390
Hence, P Y  k  is the largest when k  6. The most probable number of
“good” casino visits when n  20 is 6.
(vi) Let W be the number of casino visits that are “good” out of n casino
visits.
W ~ B  n, 0.31412 
From GC, when n  14, P W  5  1  P W  4   0.46206  0.5
When n  15, P W  5  0.53259  0.5
Hence, n  15
 VJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q6
6i x2

ii The probability that a frog carries the genetic trait is constant for all frogs in a box.
The presence of the genetic trait in a frog is independent among the frogs in a box.
iii 1
n = 6, p 
3

 1
X ~ B  6, 
 3
P  X  2   0.32922
Let Y be the number of boxes that contain exactly 2 frogs with the genetic trait.
Y ~ B 10, 0.32922 
P Y  3  1  P Y  2   0.691

YJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q8

8 (i) Large number of glowing sticks with constant probability of 0.12 enables independence in
selection.

(ii) Let X be the number of green glowing sticks out of 8.

X ~ B(8 , 0.12)
P( X  3)  1  P( X  2)
 0.060789...
 0.0608 (3 s.f )

(iii) Let Y be the number of packets that contain at least 3 glowing sticks out of 40 packets.
Y ~ B(40 , 0.060789)
P(Y  6)  P(Y  5)
 0.96733...
 0.967 (3 s.f )

(iv) Let W be the number of blue glowing sticks out of 8.

W ~ B(8 , p)
Since 3 is the modal number,
P(W  3)  P(W  2)
8 3 8 2
  p (1  p)    p (1  p) --- (1)
5 6

 
3  
4
56 p (1  p )  28 p 2 (1  p) 6
3 5

2 p  1 p
1
p
3

At the same time,

P(W  3)  P(W  4)
8 3 8 4
  p (1  p)    p (1  p) --- (2)
5 4

 
3  
4
56 p (1  p )  70 p 4 (1  p) 4
3 5

4
(1  p)  p
5
4
p
9
1 4
Thus,  p 
3 9