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LIGHTING

A. SAFETY MARKS
PROTECTION CLASSES WITH REGARD TO INSULATION
*CLASS 1: Luminaries with a terminal for “protective conductor” to which all metal parts
that could carry current in the event of a fault must be connected.
*CLASS 2: In luminaries with this symbol, there must be no exposed metal parts that
could carry current in the event of a fault (total insulation or double insulation). This
doesn’t have to have a conductor terminal or be connected to a protective earth conductor.
*CLASS 3: Luminaries to be operated with safety extra-low voltage (SELV); i.e. voltages
under 42V generated with a safety transformer to VDE 0551 or supplied by batteries
(standard or rechargeable.)

IP TYPES OF PROTECTION
1 S T DIGIT : Protection against foreign bodies in addition to shock-hazard protection
*#2 protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than 12mm
*#4 protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than 1mm
*#5 [dust-protected] protection against harmful dust deposits. The ingress of dust is not
completely prevented but the dust must not enter in such large amounts that the operation
of the luminaire is impaired.
*#6 [dust-tight] protection against ingress of dust

2 n d DIGIT :
Protection against foreign bodies in addition to shock-hazard protection
*#0 No special protection
*#3 [rainproof] Protection against water falling at any angle up to 60 degrees
*#4 [splash-proof] Protection against water sprayed at any angle at the luminaire (for
showers with massage shower heads)
*#5 [jet proof] Protection against a jet of water from a nozzle directed at the luminaire at
any angle
*#7 [water-proof] Protection against water if the luminaire is submerged in water under
defined time and pressure conditions
*#8 [pressure-water-tight] the luminaire is suitable for permanent submerging in water
under conditions defined by the manufacturer.

PROTECTION CLASSES WITH REGARD TO INSULATION

*F luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on normally flammable materials.
Maximum temperature of 180 degree C on the mounting surface
*M luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on materials that have normal or reduced
flammability. Maximum temperature is 130 degree C on the mounting surface
*MM luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on materials for which the flammability
properties are not known.

B. RATED ILLUMINANCE FOR COMMERCIAL PREMISES

1000 lux
 Open-plan office, average reflection
 Color matching, color inspection, goods inspection
 Assembly of precision equipment (electrical)
 Production of jewelry, retouching, etc…
750 lux
 Open-plan office, high reflection
 Technical drawing (on drawing boards)
 Metal marking and inspection
 Inspection areas (foundries: metal casting)
 Flaw inspections (wood, leather, etc.)
500 lux
 Offices for data processing , telex desks
 Grinding, polishing of glass, precision assembly
 Assembly of telephone sets, small motors
 Selection of veneers
 Work on woodworking machines
300 lux
 Offices with desks exclusively near windows, meeting rooms, conference rooms
 Enameling, glass-blowing, turning, drilling, milling, semi-precision assembly
 Trade fair stands, control desks, control rooms (<300lx as operational requirements
dictate)
 Sales Areas
200 lux
 Storerooms where reading is necessary , dispatch
 Permanently staffed areas in production facilities, at furnaces
 Non-precision assembly, cast cleaning, casting rooms
 Gang saws, steel construction
 Rooms with public access in offices
100 lux (not good for reading)
 Storerooms where only searching is necessary
 Personnel and goods access routes in buildings
 Changing rooms, washrooms & toilets
 Stairwells, escalators
 Loading ramps
 Production facilities with occasional manual intervention
 Boiler houses

Construction sites
Food Chains
Supermarkets
Libraries
National Bookstore

C. COMPUTATIONS
Determining the number of luminaries required based on a given illuminance value:

n = 1.25 x E x a x b - - - - - - - the room

φ x (ηlb) x (ηa) - - - - - - the lamp (multiply by # of lamps / luminaire))

(1.25) Status of the lighting system

 The planning factor takes into account the reduction in luminous flux and soiling
of the fittings. Planning factor is 1.25
(E) Rated illuminance
  This is the required lux depending on the type of activity
(k) the room factor
 The room factor makes allowance for the shape of the room
 To be used in solving ηa

k = a x b
h(a+b)
 a = room length
 b = room width
 H = room height
 H = H-0.85m

(φ) Luminous flux [unit=lm]

 Taken from the lamp catalogue, depending on the lamp to be used in the luminaire
(ηlb) Luminaire efficiency
 Taken from the luminaire catalogue, depending of the luminaire selected
(ηa) Room utilization factor
 The effect of light distribution in the room is covered by this table
(p) Reflectance
 The reflective properties of the room surfaces are measured in terms of the
reflectances of the ceilings, walls and work surfaces (or floors). Reflectances can
be determined with the aid of reflectance tables.
 To be used in solving ηa

D. BRANDS ENCOUNTERED
LAMPS
1. PHILLIPS
2. OSRAM
LUMINAIRES
1. PHILLIPS
2. THORN