1.Can router on different subnet become BGP neighbour?

Da, deoarece BGP nu cere ca vecinii sa fie in aceeasi retea.

2.What is the difference between eBGP multihop and TTL security?

EBGP multihop – permite transmite pachete bgp la mai multe hop-uri distanta
TTL security -
3.Which protocol and the port number does BGP use for neighborship?
BGP foloseste TCP si portul 179

4.How do I configure BGP?

5.What is the use of BGP best path community ignore command?

6.How do I configure BGP with the use of a loopback address?

Issue the neighbor <ip address> update-source <interface> command

7.What is the order of preference of attributes when applied to one neighbour in BGP?
Lista de atribute difera in functie de modul in care ele sunt aplicate: inbound sau outbound:
Inbound:
- route-map
- filter-lits
- prefix-list, distribute-list

Outbound:
- filter-list
- route-map | unsuppress-map
- advertise-map
- prefix-list | distribute-list
- ORF prefix-list (o lista primita de la vecin)

8.What does a next-hop of 0.0.0.0 mean in the show IP BGP command output?
Un next hop de 0.0.0.0 inseamna ca reteaua a fost originata fie prin redistributia unui IGP in BGP,
fie prin comanda network sau aggregate din BGP config

9.What are the well-known communities of the BGP community attribute?

Community attribute este un atribut designat destinatiilor grup dintr-o anumita comunitate si
unde se aplica politici precum accept, prefer sau redistribute.
Well-known communities sunt:
Local-AS – folosit in confederation pentru a preveni trimitarea pachetelor in afara AS.
No-export – folosit pentru a nu trimite info vecinilor din afara AS-ului; pastreaza ruta in AS curent
No-advertise – nu anunta ruta catre niciun vecin, intern sau extern
None – se aplica atunci cand vrei sa stergi comunitatile adaugate unei rute
Internet – anunta ruta in internet ????
10.How does BGP behave differently with auto-summary enabled or disabled?
Auto summary is disabled by default

11.What formats can I use to configure the BGP community attribute?

Exista mai multe fomrate, dar cel mai folosit este cel de tipul AA:NN
set community 30:20 ( unde 30=AS number iar 20 este un numar pe 2 bytes – nu are
semnificatie???)

12.When and how should I reset a BGP session?

O sesiune GDP trebuie resetata atunci cand vrem sa schimbam politica de inbound/outbound pe
acea sesiune.
1. clear ip bgp x.x.x.x soft out – pentru a clerui o sesiune BGP si a updata noua politica outbound
2. clear ip bgp x.x.x.x – pentru a clerui o sesiune BGP si a updata noua politica inbound
3. se mai poate folosi OER – sesiunile sunt sterse automat, dar aceasta optiune trebuie sa fie
enablata pe router. (Optimized Edge Routing)

13.Is there any special configuration needed on PIX/ASA to allow BGP sessions through it?
Da, vezi detalii la https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-
bgp/6500-bgp-pix.html#md5auth

14.What is an autonomous system number (ASN) and how do I obtain one?

ASN = este un numar care identifica unic un AS si care ii permite AS-ului sa schimbe informatii de
rutare cu vecinii sai.
ASN este alocat de anumite entitati si este in range-ul 64512 to 65535

15.What is the BGP path selection criteria?

BGP path selectiion este un algoritm prin care BGP alege cea mai buna cale catre destinatie.
N WLLA OMNI ( trick)
Network reachability first
Weight – highest one
Local_pref – highest one
Local routes
As-Path – shortest one
Origin – I over e; e over ? ( i- iBGP; e – eBGP; ? - incomplete)
MED – lowest one
Neighbour type – eBGP over iBGP
IGP metric – lowest one to the next hop

16.What is the difference between always-compare-med and deterministic-med?

See https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/16046-bgp-
med.html

17.Do internal BGP (iBGP) sessions modify the next-hop?

18.Do external BGP (eBGP) sessions modify the next-hop?

19.Do external BGP (eBGP) sessions between confederations modify the next-hop?

20.In external BGP (eBGP) sessions, which IP address is sent as the next hop?

21.Does the route reflector change the next-hop attribute of a reflected prefix?

22.How can I announce a prefix conditionally to one ISP only when I lose the connection to my
primary ISP?

23.How can I configure BGP to provide load sharing and redundancy in my network?

24.How much memory should I have in my router to receive the complete BGP routing table
from my ISP?

25.What are the benefits of configuring BGP peer groups?

26.Why do I see the same route twice from the same peer in BGP?

27.What is synchronization, and how does it influence BGP routes installed in the IP routing
table?
28.How do I know which Cisco IOS software release supports a particular BGP feature?

29.How can I set the Multi Exit Discriminator (MED) value on prefixes advertised to external BGP
(eBGP) neighbours to match the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) next hop metric?

30.What is the default BGP ConnectRetry timer, and is it possible to tune the BGP ConnectRetry
timer?

31.What does r RIB-Failure mean in the show ip bgp command output?

32.How can I redistribute internal BGP (iBGP) learned default-route (0.0.0.0/0) route into
EIGRP/OSPF/IS-IS?

33.Is it possible to track an interface and change the route availability?

34.How does IP RIB Update allocate memory?

35.What is the command to see IPv6 BGP neighbours?

36.In regards to the removal of the static route “ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 Null0”, does no
auto-summary in BGP cause all subnets of 10.10.0.0 to be advertised?
37.Why are there no statistic results when I use the debug bfd events and debug bfd packets
commands?

38.Difference between hard reset and soft reset in BGP?

39.What are different BGP message types

40.What are various BGP states?

41.Which command is used to disable BGP neighborship?

42.What are the values of keepalive and Dead timers in BGP?

43.How many public and private AS numbers are there?

44.BGP Route selection criteria?

45.Does the router have to be restarted after a new BGP Neighbor Maximum Prefix is
configured?

46.Is there a command to check the advertised routes along with the prepend of the AS-paths?

47.How does neighbour soft-reconfiguration inbound command function?

48.What is the difference between when a route is injected in BGP via redistributing command or
a network command?

49.How do I verify Layer 4 forwarding summary information?

50.What are IGPs and EGPs and why are they different?

51.Name several path attributes and their function.

52.Why is there a problem with iBGP in large networks? How can this problem be solved?

53.Name BGP path attributes to control incoming and outgoing traffic

54.My BGP is showing 0.0.0.0 as router-id; what could be the possible reason?

55.If my BGP neighbour is stuck in an idle or active state, what should I do?

56.Explain BGP recursive lookup and site of origin (SoO).

57.What do you understand by BGP split-horizon rule?

58.Describe BGP communities. Name well-known communities.

59.Can I use BGP instead of any IGP?

60.Types of a BGP routing table?

Exista 3 feluri de RIB in BGP:
1. Adj-RIB-in – contine informatia neprocesata primita de la peers.
2. Adj-RIB-out
3. Loc-RIB

61.What is route reflector and why it is required?

62.What is no-synchronization rule?

63.What are Default BGP timers?

64.In Multihoming scenario, if the primary link gets fail, after how long traffic will be shifted to the
secondary link?

65.BGP Graceful Restart, NSR and NSF?

66.How to use BGP as PE-CE backdoor link?

67.What is the advantage of using BGP AS Prepend?

68.What is cluster id in BGP?

Cluster ID este este id-ul adaugat de un RR cand trimite mesajul de update.
Este folosit pentru a evita aparitia buclelor.

69.What is the meaning of update-source loopback?

Foloseste iterfata de loopback ca source address

70.Can we use local preference outside the autonomous system?

71.What is confederation?

72.What will the BGP first check to see if a prefix is accessible?

73.What are the two methods for reducing the number of IBGP connection in a network?

74.What makes a neighbour internal BGP (iBGP)?

Apartenenta la acelasi AS
75.What the command “neighbour update-source” do?

76.Explain the term RIB in BGP?

RIB stands for Routing Information Board and it contains all the routing information.

77.Two BGP peers connected through a routed firewall are unable to establish a peering
relationship. What could be the most likely cause?

78.What is the order of preference of attributes (route-map, filter-list,prefix-list, distribute-list )

when some or all are applied to one neighbour in BGP? Kindly share for inbound updates?

79.What is the order of preference of attributes (route-map, filter-list,prefix-list, distribute-list )

when some or all are applied to one neighbour in BGP? Kindly share for inbound updates?

80.How can I verify if a BGP router announces its BGP networks and propagates them?

81.Does the route reflector change the next-hop attribute of a reflected prefix?

82.How can I announce a prefix conditionally to one ISP only when I lose the connection to my
primary ISP?

83.How much of minimal RAM is required to learn complete BGP routing table from one BGP
peer?

84.What are the benefits of configuring BGP peer groups?

85.What is the default BGP ConnectRetry timer

Default value of ConnectRetry timer este 120s.
Doar dupa ce acest timp trece, BGP verifica stabilirea conexiuni TCP. Daca sesiunea nu este gata,
incepe una noua.

86.What does r RIB-Failure mean in the show ip bgp command output?

87.How can I filter all IP routes advertised to a BGP neighbour except the default route 0.0.0.0/0?

88.What is the version of BGP that first supported CIDR?

89.In the global routing table, can the same AS number shows up more than once in a path?

90.Can I run two BGP process on a single router?

91.What is the cost of external and internal BGP routes?

92.Which parameters and attributes have to be equal before MED is compared to select the best
path?
Weight. Local preference, As-path, Origin type

93.How do we enable community propagation?

94.What is the purpose of route dampening?

95.In general which routes will affect by route dampening? eBGP or iBGP?

96.What is the default value of MED?

Valoarea defult a lui MED este 0 ( med = metrica)