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Chapter 1: Sectors of The Indian Economy: Ame/Study Hard and Smart
Chapter 1: Sectors of The Indian Economy: Ame/Study Hard and Smart
What is an economy?
Ans: A framework within which all the economic activities of a country can be largely described is called the
economy.
Give one reason for the rapid growth of service sector in India.
Ans: One reason for the rapid growth of service sector in India is:-
(1) The service sector employs many different kinds of people like small shopkeepers, repair persons,
transport persons, etc. it also employs highly skilled and educated workers.
Name the sector which forms the base for all other products.
Ans: Primary sector is the sector which forms the base for all other products.
Name the sector which helps in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
Ans: Tertiary or service sector is the sector which helps in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
Name the sector in which natural products are changed into other forms.
Ans: Secondary sector is the sector in which natural products are changed into other forms.
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What do you mean by disguised unemployment?
Ans: When people are apparently working but they are made to work less than their potential, it is called disguised
unemployment.
Workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the issues like wages, safety and health. Explain with
examples.
Ans: Workers in the unorganised sector indeed need protection on the issues like wages, safety and health. For
example, workers in this sector do not have any job security; they are not paid fair wages; they are often exploited by
their employers; their earnings are not regular and they have no other benefits. If they fail to go to work, no wage is
paid to them for that day. Moreover, they also face social discrimination. Workers belonging to the scheduled castes,
scheduled tribes and backward communities in the unorganised sector are excluded people and are not allowed to live
in better surroundings with better off people.
How are the economic activities classified into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors?
Ans: On the basis of economic activities, the economy is classified into the following sectors:-
(1) Primary Sector: This sector includes activities relating to land like agriculture and allied activities such as
forestry, dairying, fishing, poultry farming, mining, stone quarrying etc. In this sector goods are produced by
exploiting natural recourses. For example, in the cultivation of wheat, we depend on natural factors like
rainfall, sunshine and climate. Similarly, in case of dairying we depend on the biological process of animals
and availability of fodder.
Ame/Study hard and smart.
(2) Secondary Sector: This sector includes activities relating to manufacturing and construction. In this sector,
one type of product is converted into another. For example, manufacture of cotton yarn by using cotton fibre,
use of sugarcane for making sugar, and use of bricks to make houses and buildings, etc.
(3) Tertiary Sector: This sector provides services like transportation of goods, storage of goods, banking and
insurance, etc. These services are needed by households and primary and secondary sectors. This sector also
includes essential services provided by teachers, doctors, and personal services provided by washerman,
barbers, cobblers, lawyers, etc. In recent times, new services based on information technology such as cyber
cafe, ATM booths, call centres, software companies, etc. have become important.
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Explain the relative importance of primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector in (a) GDP and (b)
employment.
Ans: (a) GDP: The relative importance of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors based on contribution to GDP is
explained under:-
As the economy develops the relative importance of the three sectors in the economy changes. In the initial
stages of development, primary activities remain most important activities of the economy. However, with the passage
of time and development, secondary sector becomes most important in terms of total production and employment.
But, in the final stage of development, the service sector becomes most important in terms of total production.
(b) Employment: The relative importance of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors based on employment is
explained under:-
Though there has been a change in the share of the three sector in GDP, yet a similar change has not taken
place in terms of employment. There is no shift out of primary sector in cause of employment. This is because enough
jobs were not created in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Even though industrial production went up by more than 9
times during the period 2011-12, employment in the industry went up by around three times. Similarly, though
production in the service sector rose by 14 times, employment rose around five times. This means that there are more
people employed in agriculture than actually needed.