Belinda Viernes Aug.

22 2020

1. Polygraph a machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological

characteristics, such as a person's pulse and breathing rates, used especially as a lie
detector.

2. Polygraphy an instrument for receiving and recording simultaneously tracings of

variations in certain body activities, a test using such an instrument to determine if a
person is telling the truth.Lie detector, an apparatus for producing copies of a drawing or
writing.

3. Detection the action or process of identifying the presence of something concealed.

4. Deception is an act or statement which misleads, hides the truth, or promotes a

belief, concept, or idea that is not true. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

5. Response a reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.

6. Reaction a person's ability to respond physically and mentally to external stimuli.

7. Lying  is an assertion that is believed to be false, typically used with the purpose of
deceiving someone.

8. Fear an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is

dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat

9. Stimulus a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or

tissue.

10. Respiratory system is the organs and other parts of your body involved in
breathing, when you exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

11. Circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and
towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back
to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells,
and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

12. Excretory system is the system of an organism's body that performs the function
of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. 

13. Nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to
and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
 POLYGRAPH

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Deception

is an act of deceiving or misleading usually

accomplished by lying.

Detection

is an act of discovering the existence, presence or fact of something

hidden or obscure.

Emotion

is an acute disturbance of an
individual as a whole, psychological
in origin involving behavior
conscious experience and visceral
functions.

Fear

is an emotional response to
specific danger that appears to
be beyond the person’s defensive
power.

Chart or Polygrams

refers to the composite record of

the pneumograph, galvanograph,
and cardiosphygmograph tracing
recorded from one series of
questions.

Examiner or Polygraph expert

is one who is conducting polygraph examination.

Lying

is the, with conveying or uttering of the falsehood or misleading

impression the intention of affecting wrongfully the acts, opinion or
affection to another.

Normal Response

a tracing on the chart wherein the subject

answered the irrelevant questions.

Normal Tracing

a tracing of the subject which produced when no irrelevant question

was asked.

Heredity

is the transmission of mental and physical

traits from parents to offspring.

Polygraphy

is the scientific method of detecting

deception with the use of a
polygraph machine.

Reaction

refers to any activity aroused in an

organism by a stimulus. It is an
action or mental attitude induced by
an external influence.

Response

refers to any inhibition or

activity of previous motion of
an organism or of effector
organ or part of the organism
resulting from stimulation or
suggestion.

Specific Response

is any variation or deviation

from the normal tracing of the
subject.

Stimulus
refers to the motion or force
reaching the organism and excite
the receptors. It is a force that
produces the organism or any of
its part to activity.

Subject or the examinee

is a person undergoing a polygraph

examination or test.

POLYGRAPH TEST or POLYGRAPH

EXAMINATION

is the whole process of questioning or the taking of one

chart from a series of questions or all of the charts and
question sheets used in the test.

PERSON BEHIND THE DEVELOPMENT OF

POLYGRAPH

Pioneers that contributed to the

development & use of the
Cardiospyghmograph in lie
detection:

Cesare Lombroso

An Italian scientist who in 1885 used

hydrospygmograph procedure and was
credited to be the pioneer who envisioned
the idea of using scientific procedures to lie
detection.

He is considered as the first person to use an

instrument for the purpose of detecting
deception.

Angelo Mosso

A pioneer who developed in 1895 a type of sphygmomanometer and

utilized a scientific cradle and focus on the significance of fear as an
indication of deception.

Dr. William Moulton Marston

(1893-1947)

was born in Cliftondale, Massachusetts where

he received three degrees, an A.B. in 1915, an
LL.B. in 1918 and a PH.D. in 1921.

the creator of the systolic blood pressure

test, which lead to the creation of the
polygraph (lie detector). Because of his
discovery, Marston was convinced that women
were more honest and reliable than men and
could work faster and more accurately.

John A. Larson

developed an instrument that continually and

simultaneously measures blood pressure, pulse
and respiration.

He designed the first two recording channel

polygraph in the history. The first mechanical form
of detecting deceptions because it does not only
have a recording pen for cardio,pneumo, &
galvano but also it has the muscular movement
pen for the arms and thighs.

Personalities involved in the development & use

of galvanograph

Sticker-(1897)

worked on the galvanograph component & studied the

influence and relation of the sweat glands to skin resistance.

Veraguth (1907)

formulated the term psycho-galvanic skin reflex. He

claimed that electrical phenomena are due to the
activity of the sweat glands.

Richard O. Arthur

developed an improvised polygraph machine with two

galvanic skin resistance.

Contributors to the
development of Pneumograph

Vittorio Benussi-(1914)

noted the changes in inhalation and exhalation ratio occurring

during deception. He recorded the respiratory curves of the
pneumograph.

Harold Burtt

a scientist who, in 1918 determined that the respiratory changes

were signs of deception and concluded that systolic pressure changes
are valuable in determining deception.

Personalities involved in
the development of
KYMOGRAPH

Leonard Keeler (1926)

An American criminologist who invented the

kymograph machine. In 1949, the “KEELER’s
Polygraph” incorporated the galvanograph with
measurement, blood pressure & respiration
component & keymograph component.

He also devised a metal recording bellow, rolled

chart paper and the method of question
formulation used in polygraph examination.

Other contributors

Sir James Mackenzie

an English heart specialist who first described the polygraph

machine as the “Ink Polygraph”.

Cleve Backster

created the numerical scoring on the polygraph chart and

standardized quantitative polygraph technique.

John E. Reid

developed improvement with the conventional

polygraph by incorporating muscular resistance
his device was known as the Reid Polygraph.

He was also credited for the development of the

SAT and Control Question test.

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