7 Thermal physics

Explaining properties

solid liquid gas solid liquid gas

compressible compressible compressible

Brownian motion
flows flows flows

2.1.1 States of matter 2.1.2 Molecular model

Compressing gases

Pressure
FACTORS

temperature

draught
pV = constant
surface area for a fixed mass of gas
at constant temperature
Measuring temperature changes

2.1.3 Evaporation 2.1.4 Pressure changes

Particle explanations

METAL A

METAL B
Evaporation and boiling

V
thermal
expansion on
heating thermocouple thermometer

2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases 2.2.2 Measurement of temperature
Measuring temperature changes

E = mc∆T boiling
1 kg

E energy (J)
temperature

latent heat of fusion

m mass (kg) melting

1 kg
temperature
c specific thermal capacity
(J/kg˚C)
and internal
energy ∆T change in temperature (˚C)
latent heat of vaporisation
time

2.2.3 Thermal capacity (heat capacity) 2.2.4 Melting and boiling

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