Chapter 1: Introduction and Background of the Study

A. Introduction
Technology has always been part of man’s daily life. Specifically, students nowadays
always engage themselves to the use of modern technologies to perform any classroom activities
or outputs. Even the people with profession are engaged in printing activities almost every day.
Many students began to practice printing or photocopying every handout that they need in
school. Through these, it is undeniable that the printing industry has become one of the booming
industries in the world.
Printers have countless uses that meet the needs of every individual. Printing comes in
different forms which could be in mugs, papers, photo papers, and even in canvas which is
known as tarpaulins. Moreover, printing is also beneficial to people for preserving events in
one’s life.
The researchers have decided to build a printing service named Paper Ink which is
located near a school to help students and the locals to get easy access to common kinds of
printing. As the researchers placed their business at Mangaldan, Pangasinan, they positioned it
near Mangaldan National High School, the biggest school in Region 1. Paper Ink is a printing
business that supplies variety of printing services that mainly meets the demands of its target
markets which are the students, the teachers, and the school itself.
This study is for the readers to have enough knowledge in entering a printing business.
Moreover, it will help them to know more about the advantages and disadvantages and how to
prevent or lessen the hindrances when it comes to printing business. This also aims to know the
viability of a printing business in a first class area who has various existing printing services and
numerous consumers. On top of that, this study is an aid for business success.

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 B. Company Background
Business Name and Logo
The researchers decided to name their business as “Paper Ink” so that the services to be
offered by the business will be easily identified by its customers. In addition, the name of the
business consists of two words, paper and ink, which are the main inputs in producing a printed
document (main product of Paper Ink). To illustrate, paper is a big factor in any printing project,
while the ink is the blood of printing which makes the paper to be alive. So this is the story
behind the business’ name, Paper Ink.
The logo of the business has been made very simple yet it is enough to attract every
customer’s attention. It only consists of the name of the business which is Paper Ink. The name is
designed with different colors which represent the different colors of an ink, a tool which allows
the printer to print texts and pictures. Moreover, it can be seen in the logo that the ink is pouring
out which signifies that the researchers will assure their customers that they will never run out of
ink. To sum it up, the logo of the business will definitely catch the customers’ attention because
of its simple yet attractive design.

Organizational Chart

Hannah Patricia Gonzaga

General Manager

Operations Graphics Accounting Marketing

Department Department Department Department

Maria Paula Sudiacal Ashley Mae Cabotaje Marjolyn Estrada

Operations Airys Dollarine
Layout Artist Bookkeeper Lire Bauson
Manager Manager
Marketing
Manager
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Operator (4) Encoder (2)

Php 256 day Php 256 day
 Freelancer
Photographer

Figure 1.2 Organizational Chart

Paper Ink will operate for 11 hours on Monday to Saturday from 6 o’clock in the morning
until 6 o’clock in the afternoon (1 hour for lunch time is excluded). The lunch of employees will
not be provided by the owner. The business will have shifting hours of 6:00 AM – 3:00 PM and
9:00 AM – 6:00 PM. It will be opened 30 minutes before 6 o’clock by the general or operations
manager, and will be closed at 6 o’clock in the afternoon. The general or operations manager is
not required to do the task of closing the shop, but they must ensure that the inventories are
properly checked and the employees are doing their duties and responsibilities. If there are still
customers to be served beyond the closing time, the employees are required to accommodate all
of them before closing the business.
Management will initially consist of Miss Hannah Patricia Gonzaga, general manager,
Miss Marjolyn Estrada, bookkeeper, Miss Maria Paula Sudiacal, operations manager, Ashley
Cabotaje, layout artist manager, and Airys Dollarine Lire Bauson, marketing manager.
Additional management personnel will be hired as the need arises or as growth dictates. To
perform the jobs successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty
satisfactorily. The qualifications for every employee listed below include knowledge, skills and
abilities required for each position.

Position Job Description Job Qualification Compensation

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General  She is required to come to  Senior High School  ₱ 6, 576.00 per month
Manager work at 5:30 AM and stay graduate
for four (4) hours every  At least two years of
Monday, Wednesday, and experience in the printing
Saturday to open the industry or in supervising
business, check the and managing
inventories, and direct the  Ability to efficiently
employees. operate a computer
 She will close the business.  Thorough knowledge about
 She is not required to work the printing industry and
full-time. management techniques
 She will be responsible for  Good sense of business
the direction and overall etiquette
performance of Paper Ink.
 She will establish policies,
procedures and priorities
for printing operations and
coordinate the clerical and
graphic functions.
 She must be a partner.
 She is required to come to  Senior High School  ₱ 7, 056.00 per month
Operations work at 5:30 AM and stay graduate
Manager for four (4) hours every  At least 1 to 2 years of
Tuesday, Thursday, and related experience
Saturday to open the  Technical skills
business, check
the  Ability to operate a wide
inventories, and do her variety of standard
work. equipment, such as
 She is not required to work computer and printing
full-time. machines
 She will manage the
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 technical, personnel and
production functions.
 She should review the
production schedule and
coordinate it with sales and
delivery date.
 She will report to the
general manager.
 She must be a partner.
Layout Artist  She is a full-time worker  Senior High School  ₱ 11, 769.60 per month
Manager and will work for eight (8) graduate
hours from 9:00 AM to  Proficient in using
6:00 PM. computers and different
 She will layout designs, software used for editing
particularly, yearbooks and such as Adobe Photoshop
IDs. and Auto CAD
 She must be a partner.  Creative skills
 Graphic design and layout
skills
Bookkeeper  She should come to the  College graduate in  ₱ 772.80 per month
office every Saturday for business or accounting
three (3) hours to update the course
accounts and record the  Detail-oriented skills
sales and expenses. On the  Written and oral
ened of the month, she will communication skills
do the financial statements  Technical skills
and other reports. The
computers and machines
have a record of the sales
such as the number of
documents printed and

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 photocopied.
 She will provide financial
information to the general
manager.
 She must be a partner.

Marketing  She will work every 1st and  College graduate  ₱ 1, 182.00 per month
Manager 3rd Saturday of the month  Communication skills
for three (3) hours.  Leadership skills
 She will identify the
customers and their current
and future needs, develop
marketing strategies and
monitor the competition.
 She will check the company
presence at conventions,
annual meetings, trade
associations, and seminars
to maintain relations with
customers.
 She must be a partner.
Operator  Includes two shifts: 6:00 –  Senior High School  ₱ 6, 144.00 per month
3:00 PM and 9:00 – 6:00 graduate  SSS Contribution:
PM  Knowledgeable in using, ₱ 490.00
 He is tasked to do the cleaning and repairing  Philhealth Contribution:
services offered like computers and equipment ₱ 137.50
printing and photocopying.  Pagibig Contribution:
 He is responsible for the ₱ 100.00
repairing and cleaning of
machines.
 He can also be the cashier.

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Encoder  Includes two shifts: 6:00 –  Senior High School  ₱ 6, 144.00 per month
3:00 PM and 9:00 – 6:00 graduate  SSS Contribution:
PM  Technical skills ₱ 490.00
 He is tasked to do the  Fast encoder, at least 5  Philhealth Contribution:
encoding which is a service pages of letter size coupon ₱ 137.50
offered by Paper Ink. for 2 minutes  Pagibig Contribution:
 He can also be the cashier. ₱ 100.00
Freelance  He will only be working  2 to 3 years of experience  ₱ 1, 600.00 per service
Photographer part-time or when his as a professional
service is needed. photographer
 He will do the photography  Knowledge in using
for yearbooks and IDs. professional DSLR camera
 Excellent skills in using
image editors such as
Adobe Photoshop and
Adobe Lightroom

Table 1.1 Job Qualifications

The business management philosophy will be based on responsibility and mutual respect.
Paper Ink will maintain an environment and structure that will encourage productivity and
respect for customers and fellow employees. Additionally, the environment will encourage
employees to have fun by allowing creative independence and providing challenges that are
realistic and rewarding.

Capital Needed
Capital Capital Needed
Business Permits Php 5,615.00
Salary Wages 36,864.00
Benefits 4,365.00
Advertising 6,602.00
Utilities 6,299.00
Rent 9,000.00
Supplies 3,865.00
Inventory 5,000.00
Property, Plant and Equipment 287,437.00
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 Total Capital Needed Php 365,047.00
Capital Needed Php 370,000.00

Table 1.2 Capital Needed

C. Objectives
General Objective:
The main objective of this study is to effectively cater the Mangaldan residences in their
printing needs. In addition, the researchers wanted to surpass the customer's expectations and
provide services that meet the needs of the students, teachers, and schools.
Specific Objectives:
1.) To effectively provide printing services for students, teachers, and schools;
2.) To provide high-quality products by using quality printing machines;
3.) To provide excellent service by selecting employees that are flexible and dynamic; and
4.) To provide customer value by treating every customer with sincerity and integrity.

D. Significance of the Study

This study brings printing services closer to the students and teachers of Mangaldan,
Pangasinan. Since most of the homework and performance tasks of the students require them to
print and photocopy some documents, the business could provide them convenience considering
that the location of the business is near the school. Also, the business offers the highest quality at
the same price among other printing shops so it is really an advantage for them. On the other
hand, teachers are also a benefactor of the business since they offer encoding services, printing
documents and photocopying which can help them in reproducing handouts and test papers for
their students. Additionally, there are teachers as well who print the documents for teaching and
reporting purposes.
Moreover, the business will be able to address the gap between the supply and demand
among printing shops and the consumers, which are the students from Mangaldan National High
School, given that the said school is composed of almost 8,000 students yearly.

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 This study won’t only be beneficial to students, but also to the other 14 schools located in
the vicinity of Mangaldan. Since schools are in need of printing identification cards at the start of
every school year and yearbooks at the end of every school year, Paper Ink will provide their
printing necessities all throughout the school year. This study will meet this demand since they
will also perform such services at a reasonable price. It is very beneficial for them because these
schools won’t have to go to nearby towns, such as Dagupan, to negotiate with photographers and
other printing shops to print their identification cards.
This study is conducted with the intent to provide researchers/readers knowledge on
printing businesses. This is also for them to know the industry’s benefits, risks, strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats that may improve or hinder the business and profit. This
research study could be used as a reference for related studies by the researchers doing similar
studies. This research paper is also subjected to improvements and further analysis by the future
researchers interested in the same industry.

E. Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the feasibility of putting up a printing business in Mangaldan,
Pangasinan as a business research. The study is only limited in providing common printing needs
such as documents, photocopies, pictures, hard and soft-bounded books, encoding services, and
identification cards.
Paper Ink will be built up in De Guzman St., Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan. The
researchers chose printing services because of its demand in the area. The site where the
establishment will be constructed is surrounded by schools, stalls and shops. This study is only
focused to the students from Mangaldan National High School. The researchers selected 27
students for every grade level with a total of 161 participants coming from the said school as
their respondents in the survey. In line with this, the target market is only consists of the
students, teachers and schools of Mangaldan, so the information presented in the following
chapters is only based on the limited target market and conditions.
Also, they interviewed only the school director of Mangaldan National High School and
Metro Dagupan. The researchers focus on schools, namely Mangaldan National High School,
and Metro Dagupan College. For gathering and collecting data, the researchers will use survey
and interview.

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F. Product
Paper Ink will provide a variety of printing services. Since the main customers are
students, teachers, and schools, the researchers seek to give them the best quality type of printing
that they need on a daily basis.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PRICE
Equipment used: For Short Bond Paper:
Laser printer Php 2.00 – documents without pictures
Inkjet printer Php 5.00 – documents with picture
Materials used: Php 8.00 – documents with pictures only
Short Bond Paper For Long Bond Paper:
Long Bond Paper Php 3.00 – documents without pictures
Toner Php 7.00 – documents with pictures
PRINTING
Ink Php 10.00 – documents with pictures only
For A4 Bond Paper:
Php 3.00 – documents without pictures
Php 6.00 – documents with picture
Php 10.00 – documents with pictures only
For A5 Bond Paper:
Php 3.00 – documents without pictures
Php 6.00 – documents with picture
Php 8.00 – documents with pictures only
Equipment used:
Php 50 ¢ - short bond paper
Photocopy machine
Php 1.00 – long bond paper
PHOTOCOPY Materials used:
Php 1.00 – A4 bond paper
Bond papers
Php 50 ¢ - A5 bond paper
Toner

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 Equipment used: Php 60.00 + .50(x) – normal (short bond
Thermal binding machine paper)
Photocopy machine Php 60.00 + 1.00(x)/2 – reduced (A4 bond
Materials used: paper)
BOOKBIND Softbound cover/ card x = no. of pages
(softbound only) stock paper
Bond papers For maximum capacity (200 sheets)
Fastback strips Php 160.00 - normal (short bond paper)
Php 160.00 - reduced (A4 bond paper)
RINGBIND Equipment used: For Short Bond Paper:
Comb binding machine Php 60.00 + .50(x) – Photocopy
Photocopy machine Php 60.00 + 2(x) – Printed (inkjet)
Materials used: Php 60.00 + 2(x) – Printed (laser print)
Binding combs
PVC binding covers For A4 Bond Paper:
Bond papers Php 60.00 + 1(x) – Photocopy
Php 60.00 + 3(x) – Printed (inkjet)
Php 60.00 + 3(x) – Printed (laser print)
x = no. of pages
For Short Bond Paper(150 sheets):
Php 135.00 – Photocopy
Php 360.00 – Printed (inkjet)
Php 360.00 – Printed (laser print)
For Short Bond Paper(420 sheets):
Php 270.00 – Photocopy
Php 900.00 – Printed (inkjet)
Php 900.00 – Printed (laser print)
For A4 Bond Paper(150 sheets):
Php 210.00 – Photocopy
Php 510.00 – Printed (inkjet)
Php 510.00 – Printed (laser print)
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 For Short Bond Paper(4200 sheets):
Php 480.00 – Photocopy
Php 1320.00 – Printed (inkjet)
Php 1320.00 – Printed (laser print)
Equipment used: Php 25.00 per page (8.5” by 11”)
ENCODING
Computers Php 30.00 per page (8.5” by 13”)
Equipment used: Php 3.00 – Wallet Size
Laser Printer Php 6.00 – 3r
Paper Cutter Php 7.00 – 4r
Php 11.00 – 5r
PHOTO
Materials used: Php 55.00 – 8r
DEVELOP
Photo paper Php 60.00 – A4
Toner Php 30.00 - SET 1 (4 pcs 2x2, 8 pcs 1x1)
- SET 2 (6 pcs 2x2)
- SET 3 (6 pcs passport size)
Equipment used:
ID card printer
IDENTIFICATIO Php 85.00 - PVC Identification Card
N CARD Materials used: (86 mm by 54 mm)
PVC Card
ID Card ribbon

Figure 2.1 Menu (Front)

Figure 2.2 Menu (Back)

Table 2. Products

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G. Location Profile
Mangaldan is a first class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. It is
the home of the original makers of the famous delicacy, Romana Peanut Brittle. Also, the
municipal government operates its slaughterhouse with a rated "double A" by the National Meat
Inspection Service (NMIS) that guarantees the butchered meat as safe and clean. Its popular
carabeef tapa locally known as pindang is the “One Town One Product” of this municipality.
This town is almost a city where many business establishments are situated. So when it comes to
printing, there are many businesses that offer various printing services.
The location of the business is near the Mangaldan Public Market. It is located at De
Guzman Street, Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan. The researchers will rent one space in the
building owned by Pax Aeterna. The space will be rented at an amount of Php 8,500 and an
additional of Php 500 for the security for a total of Php 9,000. There are 15 schools in the
vicinity and one of these is near the location of the business named Mangaldan National High
School, the school with a largest population in Region 1 with 7,944 students.
The direction to the business location is as follows: from Dagupan City, you will have to
ride a jeep going to Manaoag. After 30 minutes of traveling, you have to get off next to Magic
Jollibee, in front of JG’s in Mangaldan, Pangasinan. Then, you have to cross the pedestrian and
turn to the left side. Afterwards, you have to keep walking until you reach De Guzman Street. As
you go in the De Guzman Street, you have to walk for about one minute, then you can see the
building of Pax Aeterna. You have to enter the building and walk inside. Finally, the second stall
you will see is the location of Paper Ink.
The floor plan shows that as you enter the business, the counter is in the center and chairs
for customers are located at the left side.

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 Figure 3.1 PaxAeterna Building Figure 3.2 Location of the Business

Figure 3.3 Jollibee @ Magic Mall Figure 3.4 Mangaldan National High School

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Figure 3.5 Dagupan to Mangaldan via Google map

Figure 3.6. Floor Plan

Figure 3.6 Floor Plan

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H. Marketing Plan
Lack of brand awareness is the natural issue of a newly established business. As the
Paper Ink will be established in January action programs are developed to address this issue.
In January, the business will have giveaways like foldable fans that will be given to the
first 100 customers. There will also be printed flyers that will be distributed to the target market
for them to know more about the business. In addition, tarpaulins will be distributed to tricycle
and pedicab drivers along Mangaldan to be put at the back of their tricycles, and also in some
establishments approved by the authority. For March, the business will launch its social
networking campaign through social media accounts such as Facebook, Instagram and Email. In
May, the business will collaborate with the schools in Mangaldan to promote identification cards
for students and teachers. Consequently, a contract arrangement between schools and Paper Ink
will be managed. All throughout July, Paper Ink will advertise the use of laser printer, and will
launch its services that will provide “more benefits for the same price.” In September, the
business will assure that the students and schools will be aware of its services by putting flyers
and calling cards beside the counter. Lastly, throughout December, the business will have 25
calendar giveaways for chosen teachers and schools; while for the students, the business will
giveaway 100 coin purses. These giveaways will be given to loyal customers that Paper Ink
accommodated all throughout the year.

Figure 4.1 Tarpaulin for January Figure 4.2 Flyer for January
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 Figure 4.3 Foldable Fan for January Figure 4.4 Calling Card

Figure 4.5 Coin Purse for December Figure 4.6 Calendar for December

I. Industry Analysis
The printing industry, like many other industries, continues to undergo technological
changes as computers and technology alter the manner in which work is performed. Printing
business has been around for a while, they are now cheaper and faster compared to others.
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According to the President and CEO of Printing Industries of America, Michael Makin (2018),
the overall print sales will increase slightly. If the economy continues to grow in 2-3 percent
range, printing industry should do well, growing by 1-2 percent in total shipments. Over the last
decade, the average before-tax income as a percent of sales has been around 3 percent. If the
economy performs at its forecast, the expected profit rate will increase slightly around 3.2
percent (Makin, 2017).
Printing business is very common in the Philippines, because Philippines is seen as one
of the markets that will lead printing growth in Southeast Asia and which is poised to become the
global production center for the industry over the next four years as the global printing company
said. Printing business is good for many people like students, teachers, and many more. It is also
derived in all events like birthdays, wedding, and any other events (Philstar, 2016). According to
Philippine Board of Investments, they aimed at crafting industry roadmaps for the printing and
publishing sectors that will chart the directions, goals, and strategies. In 2014, output of the
printing industry contributed .30% of the total manufacturing output, or an average of .33% over
the last ten years (GovPh, 2018).
In the municipality of Mangaldan, consumers of printing services outnumbered printing
shops in the town by having only three printing shops satisfying the demand, namely Ranzone,
Pics and Prints located near Mangaldan National High School, and Jonhil Printing Shop located
inside the Mangaldan Public Market. Also, the municipality has only two computer shops with
printing services, namely LJ and M&M Queen, both located inside the market.
Almost all the printing establishments in Mangaldan open their businesses starting from
9am. In the contrary, the students are most likely not receiving their printing needs because of
this late operational hours.
Mangaldan is consists of 15 schools, including Mangaldan National High School having
7,944 students for school year 2018-2019. Moreover, schools require students to do their works
printed out, resulting in the gap between the supply and demand for printing services.
Consequently, the printing shops in Mangaldan does not accommodate all the customers,
especially the students in the town of Mangaldan.

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J. SWOT Analysis

Strengths
 EXPERTISE IN MAKING LAYOUTS
One of the researchers is expert in making layouts which is very beneficial in the
business since they offer services like yearbooks and identification cards which both require
technical knowledge and skills. In addition, the business is offering free layout. This expertise in
laying out and editing will help the researchers minimize the needed workers or employees in
their business.

 PROVIDES THE BEST QUALITY AT A REASONABLE PRICE

Laser printer produces excellent results as it gives the highest printing quality and prints
faster than any other type of printers. It produces 28 pages per minute while inkjet printer only
produces six (6) pages per minute. It can also handle high volume print jobs which makes it more
suitable for a printing business. Additionally, the toner or ink in a laser printer is dry while an
inkjet printer’s ink is wet. As a result, printed papers from inkjet will smear if it gets wet, but a
laser-printed document will not. Though laser printer costs more than an ink jet printer, the
running costs of laser printer are lower than the ink jet printer. For instance, refilling and
replacing ink cartridges are more expensive than replacing the toner of the laser printer. The ink
of inkjet printers easily runs out than the ink of laser printer, that is why the researchers will still
offer services for the same price. Thus, this is considered as one of the competitive advantages of
the business because the researchers will provide more benefits for the same price.

 VARIETY OF SUPPLIERS
The business has variety of suppliers for every inventory that is needed to create value for
customers. The business will get their supplies from Dagupan and Manila in order for them to
acquire supplies in lowest cost but have the highest possible quality. The supplies can be bought
at the main store or can be delivered through couriers. The freight charges will be shouldered by
the researchers; however, free delivery is offered if purchased in bulk volumes or high amounts.
Aside from these suppliers, one of the researchers’ relative is a supplier of bond papers allowing
the researchers to get a discount.
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Weaknesses
 OFFERS SOME EXISTING PRODUCTS

Paper Ink offers products that are also offered by other printing shops in Mangaldan such
as photocopying, printing documents, photo developing, and book binding. Therefore, the
researchers will have a hard time to attract customers because they have several competitors
which offers the perfect substitutes.

 THE MAINTENANCE FEE IS EXPENSIVE

Regular maintenance of equipment is an important and necessary activity. It includes

cleaning, inspection, testing, measurement, replacement, and adjustment that will make the
equipment lasts longer. Also, it will provide a safer and healthier working conditions for those
who will use the equipments. In this regard, the researchers need to hire service from someone
who has expertise in that field though its maintenance fee is costly.

 SMALL VARIETY OF MARKET OFFERINGS

Since Paper Ink is a small business, their market offerings is limited. The business is only
concern in creating value for its target market in its startup. They cannot offer many services
knowing the fact that the equipments available in the business are limited and acquiring more
would cost a larger capital. The space of the shop is also enough for a number of equipments
only. The cost of complying with regulatory requirements can also be very high.

Opportunities
 THE GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Mangaldan has only 3 printing shops, Ranzone, Jonhill, Pics and Prints, and 2 computer
shops with printing services that accommodate 15 schools (elementary, high school and college)
in the vicinity. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the said town, almost all of
the students always print before, during, and after class hours for academic purposes everyday
wherein these students mainly come from Mangaldan National High School, the school that has
the largest population in Region 1. As stated by the owner of the printing shop near the school,
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there are students already waiting for the shop at 6 in the morning. In addition, according to
them, the interval time of 6:30 AM - 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM – 5:30 PM, are the peak hours of
printing shops where their shops become totally crowded with students.

 LOCATION
The location of the business will be in the Pax Aeterna Building, De Guzman Street,
Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan. The location is near five (5) schools, including Mangaldan
National High School with approximately 7, 944 students. It is an opportunity to provide services
to these students who always engage in printing for their homeworks and activities. In addition,
the town consists of 15 schools and various establishments.

Threats
 SPEED OF CHANGE

When it comes to technological aspect, nowadays, technological advancements and

innovations are continuously growing since new technologies are being produced every year and
are sold every day. These changes may affect the equipment that Paper Ink will be using since
there is a possibility that the equipment will be outdated.

 ELECTRICITY OR POWER FAILURE

Electricity is the main source of power of computers and printing machines to operate. In
this regard, the problem of blackouts or power failure in the area may lessen the business’ profit.
Since the researchers have no control over this problem, it will be a threat because there is no
electricity for the equipment to operate.

K. Porter’s Five Forces Model

Competitive Rivalry - High

There are many printing shops in the town of Mangaldan and these are Ranzone, Jonhill,
Pics and Prints and computer shops. Ranzone also offers computer rental services while Pics and
Prints offers tarpaulins, customized items, and invitations. Due to these, printing documents and
Page | 21
pictures are its least priority. However, this competition was overshadowed by the size of
demand in the area and was affected by the quality of the print as well as the service provided.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers - Low
It is low because of low supplier concentration. The researchers chose Dagupan City and
Manila as to where they will get their supplies and discovered that there are many suppliers for
the printing materials. Bond Papers will be coming from a supplier in Baguio, while ink and
toner will be acquired in Dagupan and Manila, respectively. Out of these many suppliers, the
researchers will be able to choose a supplier that will offer the lowest cost but guarantees the
highest possible quality. Thus, the suppliers would not be able to pressure the researchers by
raising prices, lowering product quality and reducing product availability as the pressure will be
put by the researchers to the suppliers. In this regard, the bargaining power of suppliers is low.

Bargaining Power of Buyer/Customer - Low

The researchers will market their products at a competitive and reasonable price because
their products are of high quality. For instance, the cost of printing document for the researchers’
business, Ranzone and Jonhill have the same price in the amount of two pesos (Php 2.00).
Ranzone is located at De Guzman Street, Poblacion, same with the researchers’ location while
Jonhill is located inside the public market of Mangaldan. Even though Paper Ink and the two said
businesses offer the same price for documents, the customers, especially the students from
Mangaldan National High School will spend more time if they will print at Jonhill rather than at
the researchers’ shop because the researchers’ location is nearer to the said school. Aside from
that, the researchers will use laser printer which does not exist in Mangaldan wherein it provides
high printing quality. Thus, the customers will be able to spend the same amount of money with
more benefit if they will availl services in Paper Ink than other printing shops. This implies that
the customers may not bargain the price as the products are priced reasonably.

Threats of Substitution - Low

When it comes to printing documents for school activities, homeworks and projects,
students can do it handwritten. Since this is less costly than printed documents, they could easily
choose this process. However, this is time consuming unlike printed ones that are easily
accessible.
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 Threats of New Entrants - High
Starting a printing business needs many machines and the capital needed by the business
will depend here. This type of business is easy to enter and operate and has small capital needed
of Php 370,000.00 making the threats of new entrants high. However, the researchers have to
assess the quality of the machines as this will be a major factor that will affect the profitability of
the business. With regards to its quality, they have to consider where the printers came from.
Expertise in layouts is also crucial in making this type of business feasible and successful,
especially if they will offer free layout.

L. Definition of Terms
1. Bankruptcy – the inability to pay debts, or a particular example of this, involving the sale of a
Figure 7. Tarpauiln and Flyer
property for other arrangement to pay as much as possible of the money owed
or some
Febraury
2. Cater – to provide, and sometimes serve
3. Momentous – very important, especially because of the effects on future events.
4. Prerequisite – something that must exist or happen before something else can exist or
happen.
5. Printing – the art, process, or business of producing books, newspapers, etc., by impression
from movable types, plates, etc.
6. Venture – an activity or plan of action, often in business, that involves risk or uncertainty.
7. Viability – ability to work as intended or to succeed.

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 Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature

The technique of movable type printing was introduced to Japan and Korea in the 14 th
century. In the West, German printer, Johannes Gutenberg was credited with the invention of
typographic printing in the mid-15th century (Yinke, 2010).
In today’s world of easily accessible ways to reproduce documents, from laser printers to
high-speed copiers, it is interesting to pause and remember the time when making a copy took
considerably more effort. Back then, printing was distinctly different from copying, both in
quality of the reproduction and the effort it took to make the copies (Milford, 2002).
In 1400s, printing press became the most influential invention ever in a printing business.
It is considered as the most revolutionary invention in the history of printing industry. In 1493, a
goldsmith named Johann Gutenberg invented this printing press and gently increased the speed
at which books were printed. By today’s standards, the process is still incredibly slow, though.
These wooden machines had to be manually operated, and even the ink had to apply to be
applied the text-blocks manually (Walker, 2008).
For the next 300 years, there were improvements to Gutenberg’s innovations but no
significant new technologies. Then in 1796, a Bavarian playwright named Aloys Senefelder
invented lithography (from the Greek lithos, meaning stone, and graphia, meaning to write).
Lithography is a type of planographic or surface printing and is based on the chemical principle
that oil and water don’t mix. To produce the image for printing, a slab of stone is grounded to a
level surface (either a coarse or fine texture). Next, the image to be reproduced is drawn in
reverse directly on the stone using a lithographic crayon or ink containing soap or grease. The
fatty acid of the imaging material interacts with the lime in the stone, forming an insoluble lime
soap that accepts greasy printing ink and rejects water. Because the lithographic process
produces tones of intense black and light gray, as well as a full spectrum of colors, it is both used
as an art process and as a commercial printing process. In commercial printing, the term
lithography is used interchangeably with offset printing, and grained metal or plastic plates are
used instead of a stone to carry the image copies (Milford, 2002).
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 In 1800s, steam printing press was invented. This new press reduced the force required
by approximately 90% while doubling the size of the print. But still, it was relatively slow
producing 250 prints per hour (Walker, 2008).
Today’s printing presses are fully-automatic, digital presses that are capable of not only
printing an entire newspaper, but also folding it properly. They are capable of using seemingly
endless varieties of fonts and colors (Walker, 2008).
In 1991, fine art digital printing was invented to produce high, large-sized photos such as
posters and other artistic prints. Graham Nash was one of the founding members of the British
rock band Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young and had produced many of the band’s large, artistic
posters and prints during the 1990s and beyond (Walker, 2008).
New printers have revolutionized the digital photo printing industry. Epson Stylus Pro
9800 is a 44-inch printer that uses an 8-colour ultra-chrome k3 ink. It provides some of the
highest quality prints anywhere in the world (Walker, 2008).
As printers had evolved throughout the years, the functionality of the machines also
increases while still managing to decrease in price year after year. New printing technology has
been developing to produce the next generation printers that are capable of printing 3-
dimensional objects (Walker, 2008).
According to an article “Print’s not dead, says technology giant Epson,” posters,
tarpaulins, billboards and building facades continue to bring the eyeballs toward establishments,
thanks to Instagram-worthy filters and palettes churned out by one of the most used, yet
underrated machines in the last few decades – the printer (Pedrasa, 2016).
“There’s always a need for printing,” said Pamela L. Albar, Epson Philippines Corp.
commercial and industrial department head. She said the printing industry is the least affected
when the economy is down, since businesses still need to attract customers through ads (Pedrasa,
2016).
“Big businesses such as food companies are not the only ones buying these big printers,
but also smaller businesses tapped by firms with large printing needs” (Pedrasa, 2016).
Modern technology is radically changing the way publications are printed, inventoried
and distributed (NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers, 2016). In fact, knowledge of
technology is one of the 21st century skills identified as important to be developed among

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learners. Work is made easier due to the aid of print materials which are printed, drawn or
illustrated (Brawner, 2015).
According to Greenfield Online, eighty percent agreed that technology increases
productivity during normal work hours compared to sixty-six percent in 1998 (Black, 2006).
Tarpaulin printing business has been around for a while. A decade ago, a 6 feet tarpaulin
printing machine will cost you more than a million. Sometimes, it is even close to 2
million. Times have changed as china branded printers is catching up. They are now cheaper and
faster, compared with the brands above. This gives more Filipinos the opportunity in venturing to
tarpaulin printing.  They have come with technologies that are at par with the branded ones
(Tarpaulin printing business in Philippines, n.d.). 
Like any other businesses and investments, a tarpaulin printing business plan is a
prerequisite for anyone who would like to enter this line of business. Business plan covers the
location, overhead costs, input capital, risk and reward ratio, ROI, projection and more. This is
like the mainframe of the tarpaulin business that you will build. Permits are now easier to apply
for your company name via online. Unlike before when you have to fall in line for the next 4-6
hours and knowing the computer broke down. Tarpaulin printing business package, ask any
suppliers you can find via online through Google search or testimonies of existing printer
owners. In terms of warranties, brands have different warranties specifically on heads and the
machine itself.  It is best to check the limitations of warranties to avoid early damaged heads. For
tarpaulin business setup and tips, it is always best to prepare a proper ventilation for large format
printing machines, as these are solvent-based. These are the proper guidelines if you are planning
to enter in the tarpaulin printing business (Tarpaulin printing business in Philippines, n.d.).
Starting a tarpaulin printing business in the Philippines is both rewarding and exciting;
imagine seeing your printed materials in billboard, malls, supermarkets and other outdoor
execution (Tarpaulin printing business in Philippines, n.d.).

Strategic Decision Support Systems

The most crucial decision in the successful running of a retail business is the store
location. The retailers have been following geo-demographic base of segmentation in dividing
their market into homogenous segments. To compare various possible sites for opening new
stores, demographics and buying patterns of residents of an area can be used (Sidhpuria, 2009).
Page | 26
 To know more about understanding the buying decision process, problem recognition,
information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior are
the five stages in buying decision process.
Therefore, the researchers concluded that the printing has a long history. Many inventions
and innovations were made before coming up with the most sophisticated printers are used
today. The researchers also learned that through the use of these printers, it is easier and more
convenient to produce billboards, tarpaulins and hard copies.

Review of Related Studies

Firms in the industry

Because of the lack of formal training of managerial and technical personnel and
inadequate investment in new technology, the printing and publishing industry in the Philippines
is constrained. Low barriers to local entry have contributed to the explosion of printing
companies in the country. The large number of players in this fragmented industry, coupled with
high exit barriers, has resulted in stiff competition among printers, in which many strive to lower
their prices so as to get business or to simply sustain their operations. Many firms have
compromised the quality of their products just to compete with smaller firms that offer lower
prices, since the domestic market is extremely price sensitive (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).
Local printers are, therefore, discouraged from investing in technology and training for
fear that profitability would be influenced by low prices rather than the quality of their products.
Most of local printers settle for the domestic market, and consequently limit their profitability.
Even in the Philippines, local printers are faced by high operating costs due to inefficient
processes, and due to the price of paper and other inputs, most of which are imported. They
suffer from ever thinning margins and preventing them from upgrading their technological and
human resource capabilities, since they could not increase their prices (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr.,
2001).
According to Melanio Torio, Director of the National Printing Office and Chairman of
the Printing Industry Board Foundation, Inc., in his paper "Increasing Production and Cutting
Costs: Keys to Surviving the Competitive World of Filipino Printers" (Torio, 2000), the printing
industry in the Philippines is composed of around 5,000 printing and graphic imaging
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companies. Of this total figure, roughly 70% operate in Metro Manila and the rest are located in
major cities and economic centers around the archipelago. Aside from the large number of
printing companies, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of design and graphic
imaging service companies over the past few years. This can be attributed to the rapid
development of pre-press technology and the dramatic reduction in the cost of computer
hardware (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).
The large number of players in the industry has resulted in stiff competition among
printers and graphic service companies, many of which resort to lowering their prices so as to get
business or to simply sustain their operations. According to Alberto Calaquian, President of
Primex Printers, Inc., price wars among industry players resulted from the sprouting of a number
of small-scale printing firms. Many companies have compromised the quality of their products
just to compete with the smaller firms that offer lower prices. Brian Ng, a board member of the
International Designer's Network (IdN) Club Philippines, said that printers are discouraged from
investing in technology and training for fear that the profitability would be influenced by low
prices rather than quality of the printed matter (Cusi III, 1998a).
The number of firms belonging to the printing and publishing industry increased in 1994
to 1995 from 2,563 to 2,755, with small firms (those employing less than 10 employees)
accounting for about 3/4 of the total number. Total employment level in the industry reached
32,652 to 33,075 in 1994 and 1995 respectively, with small firms accounting for about a third of
the total employment (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).
There were a total of 73 printing and publishing firms among the Top 7000 corporations
in the Philippines in 1998. The total assets of these firms reached P12.695 billion in 1998, a
22.65% increase over the P10.350 billion in 1997. In 1998, the gross revenues of these 73 firms
rose by 30.69% from P11.499 billion in 1997 to P15.029 billion. However, the net income after
tax decreased by 6.96% from P845 million in 1997 to P790 million in 1998 (Habaradas, Tullao,
Jr., 2001).
In addition, there were a total of 50 printing and publishing firms among the Next 5000
corporations in the Philippines. The total assets of these 50 firms reached P1.084 billion in 1998,
a 5.96% increase over the previous year's total of P1.023 billion. Gross revenues decreased by
6.43% from P980 million in 1997 to P917 million in 1998, resulting in a net loss of P143 million

Page | 28
in 1998, a staggering 1344% decrease over the previous year's net income after tax of P9.904
million (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).
In general, the top 123 printing and publishing firms contributed 27.78% in revenues with
a total of P15.947 billion, and generated net profits of P647 million in 1998. However, the
profitability dipped by 24.24% (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).

Suppliers
Among the major suppliers of the printing and publishing industry across subsectors are
the suppliers of paper, ink, fuel, and printing equipment. Also important suppliers are companies
that provide transportation, electricity, and postal and messenger services (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr.,
2001).
Most printing companies use traditional printing machinery. Some use a combination of
traditional and modern printing machines, the choice of which depends on the type of printing
technology used by the company. Among the printing machines and equipment used by print
shops are the following: printing and binding machines, computer-aided machines, computers,
computer printers, scanners, electronic pre-press equipment, photocopying machines,
communication equipment and gadgets, finishing equipment and supplies, graphic art tools and
supplies, laminating machines, and silkscreen and signage equipment among others (Habaradas,
Tullao, Jr., 2001).
However, according to Montesines (1998), only about 20% of printing companies in the
Philippines can afford state-of-the-art equipment. Instead, many of them use rebuilt or
reconditioned equipment (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).

Government
The government enforced several laws intended mostly to promote the growth and
development of the printing and publishing industry in the Philippines. These include the
following, among others: (1) Republic Act (RA) 8293 of the Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines, (2) R.A. 8047 or the Book Publishing Industry Development Act, and (3) R.A. 8424
or the Tax Reform Act of 1997, and (4) Executive Order No. 226 or the Omnibus Investment
Code (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).

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 The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (R.A. 8293) is relevant to the printing
and publishing industry. It contains the Law on Copyright which covers "published works"
defined as "works, which, with the consent of the authors, are made available to the public by
wire or wireless means in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a
place and time individually chosen by them (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).
According to Chapter II Sec. 172 of the Law on Copyright, the Original Works,
particularly Literary and Artistic Works, and Derivative Works shall be protected by copyright.
These include the following products of the printing and publishing industry: (a) books,
pamphlets, articles, and other writings, and (b) periodicals and newspapers, among others. The
assumption is that more robust creative activity, e.g. book writing, fueled by a fair system of
protecting the economic rights of authors, is a principal opportunity for the printing and
publishing industry (Habaradas, Tullao, Jr., 2001).

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 Chapter 3: The Methodology

A. Setting and Participants

The study was conducted in the Municipality of Mangaldan particularly in De Guzman
Street, Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan. The place is within the Pax Aeterna Building near
five schools, especially the Mangaldan National High School. It is also near the public market,
stalls, establishments, and municipal office. It is crowded with people every day, especially on
the afternoon onwards.
The researchers interviewed 2 respected managers of printing businesses, a principal and
an assistant registrar of a school.
In this study, the researchers used 161 students (Grade 7 to Grade 12) from Mangaldan
National High School as samples to gain better results for the study. The Mangaldan National
High School has a population of 7,944 from Grade 7 to Grade 12 students. This population was
used as a basis in determining the sample size used by the researchers in their study. Based on
the computation (see appendix F) in the internet, the results showed that there must be 161
samples to be used. It was computed by having 80% as confidence level, 5 as confidence
interval, and 50 as population proportion. The confidence level applied by the researchers was
adjusted from 70% to 80% because it is advisable to use higher confidence level as it indicates
that there is a greater chance of getting the true population value within the confidence interval.
The sample size using 70% confidence level is 107 while 80% confidence level resulted in a
sample size of 161.
Also, the researchers included teachers from Mangaldan National High School in their
survey with 102 participants as additional samples to have better results. Based on the
computation (see appendix G) in the internet, the results showed that there must be 102 samples
to be used. It was computed by having 75% as confidence level, 5 as confidence interval and 50
as population proportion.

B. Procedure and Instrumentation

The collection and organization of data are an integral and critical part of the research
process. The qualitative methodologies that the researchers used to collect the data needed in
their study are survey and interview. A survey is a method of gathering information based from
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the answers of the participants to the given questionnaires or series of questions. On the other
hand, interview, according to the slide share of Vinay Kumar, “is the verbal conversation
between people with the objective of collecting relevant information for the purpose of research”
(Kumar, 2014).

Interview
The researchers chose interview in order to collect detailed information, have a control
over the flow of primary data collection process and to have a chance to clarify certain issues
during the process. The kind of interview used is a semi-structured interview wherein the
researchers may have additional questions to their interviewees to clarify or further expand a
certain issue aside from the prepared set of at least ten questions (see appendix E) to be answered
by all interviewees. In this kind of interview, the respondents are free to answer the questions in
any way they choose. This kind of interview is what the researchers used in order to have follow-
up questions to the interviewees’ answers to obtain more reliable and better information.
The researchers ensured that the interview was productive by making sure that they had
possessed the different skills and techniques needed to guarantee that the comprehensive and
representative data are collected.

Survey
The researchers used a survey method in order to test concepts and establish the level of
customer satisfaction. The kind of survey used by the researchers was the recognition type, a
structured question. The possible answers were already given where the respondents selected his
or her answer and this consists of questions and statements that have fixed alternative choices.
The researchers used this type of survey questionnaire so it will be easier for the respondents to
answer and consume less time. It will become more accurate to use this so the researchers will be
able to identify the customers’ preferences with the specific choices in the survey questionnaire.
The researchers used purposive or selective sampling in choosing the participants and in
targeting the samples needed in the study. In this method, the participants were selected based on
the characteristics needed in the study. He/she could potentially participate or contribute to the
study if he/she is a grade 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or grade 12 student or teacher at the Mangaldan National

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High School. This is because the sample being studied is one of the target markets of this
research.
The researchers got fixed number of 27 students per grade level (Grade 7 to Grade 11)
and 26 students from grade 12. The researchers weighted if they had the number of participants
needed to get the sufficient information for the study. In addition, the researchers conducted a
survey for the teachers of Mangaldan National High School. They surveyed teachers who are in
their vacant period which means that the teachers are randomly picked. The survey is short with
ten questions (see appendix D) to be answered and will be conducted personally.

C. Ethical Consideration
Ethics are the norms and standards for conduct that distinguish between right and wrong.
It is important that ethical issues should be considered as these prevent the fabrication of data
and promote truth, trust, accountability and mutual respect between the researchers and
respondents (Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching, n.d.).
The naturalistic observation that the researchers used was the overt research because they
want to be honest and open about their intentions and purpose. This type of observation allowed
the participants to be fully aware of what are the researchers doing as they have asked the
participants a permission of participation before doing the survey or interview. The respondents
were informed about the purpose of their research, how their answers will be used and the
potential impacts of their participation in the study. The respondents will then have the right to
choose whether they will participate or not. Also, the privacy of the participants had ensured by
keeping their identified information and backgrounds confidential and private. Moreover, any
type of communication in relation to the research should be done with honesty and transparency.
Any type of misleading information as well as representation of primary data findings in a biased
way must be avoided. The researchers should suppress all their prejudices and presumptions
because only the respondents should provide the information needed in the study. In doing this,
the aim of the researchers to gather facts and exact idea and to keep the observation free from
bias will be achieved (Bryman and Bell, 2007).

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D. Summary
In this study, the researchers conducted an interview with the business owners of printing
services and the management of schools with the use of semi-structured interview for it will
allow interviewers to have follow up questions in order to clarify and gain better information.
The researchers also conducted a survey in Mangaldan National High School, Mangaldan,
Pangasinan with 161 students (Grades 7 to 12) and 102 teachers by using purposive sampling.
The researchers used a recognition type of structured survey questionnaire wherein the
respondents chose on the alternative choices provided by the researchers to identify their specific
preferences. Moreover, the researchers will consider ethical concerns to be able to protect human
participants and to ensure that the research will be conducted in a way that will serve the
interests of individuals, groups and the society as a whole.

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 Chapter 4: Analysis and Presentation of Data

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from the survey completed by the
students of Mangaldan National High School from Grade 7 to Grade 12 last November 22, 2018.
The purpose of the survey is to assess the preferences of the students with regards to the printing
services that they avail. In line with this, personal information about the participants’ experiences
were also acquired which will privately be disclosed only between the participant himself and the
researchers.
Questionnaires were given to 161 students aged 12 to 18 years old. The data from the
questionnaires were analyzed thoroughly by the researchers. The findings were discussed
according to each question with the use of visual graphs such as bar and pie charts. The results
are presented as follows:

Graph 1 Graph 2

According to the survey, when the participants were asked whether they go to printing
shops or not, the majority of the students answered “Yes” with 79.50%. While, the teachers
answered “Yes” with 45%. More than ¾ of student population yet teachers did not reach half of

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their population availing printing services. Still Paper Ink can provide printing services to meet
their need for generally, majority of the population avail the service.

Graph 3 Graph 4

Based from the data gathered from the survey to teachers and students, 68% and 69%,

respectively avail printing services presented at Ranzone printing shop. Therefore, both students

and teachers of Mangaldan National High School preferred to print at Ranzone. Paper Ink should

strengthen its marketing strategies to be able to gain more customers than Ranzone’s. Most of the

participants avail these services at Ranzone because of its business hours which opens at 6:30

am, and being the nearest printing shop at the said school compared to other printing shops in

Mangaldan. In conclusion, the business will have an advantage with their business hour because

they will open at 6:00 am. Also, with regards to their location, it is also near the Mangaldan

National High School which makes it an advantage of the business.

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 Graph 5 Graph 6

Based from the bar graph shown above, the participants avail photocopy services and

considered it as one of the primary printing services that they need. Ring binding has the least

votes of availed printing services by the students. Therefore, all of the services provided in the

choices should be included in Paper Ink’s services, even the least service should be included

because it will still be needed by the students. Also, the business should have two photocopy

machines to provide productive services. Moreover, the researchers must have its own encoder

for encoding services because it is highly demanded in the area.

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 Graph 7

Graph 8

Participants states that the said services offered are considered as a demand for students

as well as teachers and many of these are being availed daily. This is to conclude that having at

least 6 employees, with their shifting hours, will be sufficient enough to provide these services

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appropriately. Also, each employees should have designated works such as encoder, layout artist

and operator or clerk.

Graph 9 Graph 10

Based on the survey that the researchers conducted, participants states that the time that

they usually avail the services offered is between 6AM - 9AM, 3PM - 6PM, and 6PM onwards

are being the highest. Therefore, the time that they usually avail the said services is before and

after class time. In conclusion, the researchers will extend their business hours by having

employee shift to accommodate those who avail the services beyond 6:00 pm and to meet their

needs and satisfy them.

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 Graph 11 Graph 12

According to the collected data, the highest average cost they spend is in bookbind and

ringbind services least is photocopy and printed documents services. Based on the Graph 11 and

12, one of the least availed services is the ringbind and the most availed is the photocopy, yet in

spending schedule related to these services, it became inversely proportional. Therefore, even the

least availed services should be included in services offered by Paper Ink because the consumers

spend much more in this service.

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 Graph 13 Graph 14

The participants were tasked to rank the influences they consider when availing printing

services. Based on the acquired data from the respondents who avail printing services, it shows

that the most consider is the quality of the product. Thus, the researchers should focus more on

providing the utmost quality of its printing services among other features that it may consider. In

line with this, Paper Ink will use laser printer and other machines which produce the highest

quality output. Also, the researchers will monitor the quality of the outputs, as well as the

employees’ customer relationships from time to time to attract more customers.

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 Graph 15 Graph 16

These graphs represent the number of participants of their reasons on why they don't go

to printing shops. Out of the 33 students who answered "No" in the first question, 27 students

reasoned out that they have their own printer, while others said that they don't need printing

services. With reagrds to teachers, out of 56 of them who answered “No” in the first question, all

of them reason out that they have their own printer. Therefore, there are students and teachers

who do not avail printing services because of their own capacity to print. On the other hand,

there are students who do not avail these services because they say that printing shops are too

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crowded. This gives Paper Ink a hint to invest on fast and timely service by hiring more than 1

employee to address the said issue.

GRAPH 17 GRAPH 18

Based on the collected data, most of the participants answered “None” which denotes that

the printing shops in Mangaldan provides most of the printing needs of the students. Hence, they

do not usually go to nearby cities outside the vicinity. Although, some students still do not get

their printing needs among the printing shops in Mangaldan. The remaining of the participants

are not aware that some of these services is readily available in Mangaldan such as bookbinds,

lamination and others. Therefore, Paper Ink should build not only brand awareness, but also a

clear concept of what the business is offering.

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 GRAPH 19 GRAPH 20

According to the data, majority of the participants do not avail the services outside the

vicinity of Mangaldan. Therefore, the researchers concluded that the consumers usually avail

printing services within the area. The researchers should implement an effective marketing

strategy to attract more customers.

INTERVIEW
Interviews were conducted with chosen managers of printing shops and school
personalities that are related to the printing activities for educational purposes. The interview

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questionnaire is presented in the appendix of the research paper. The interpretations are
presented as follows:
Mr. Michael Angelo Aquino is the administrative assistant of Metro Dagupan Colleges
located at Mangaldan, Pangasinan. Questions were asked to him with regards to printing services
that they may avail or they are currently needing in connection with different school activities.
They said that they avail yearbook printing services every graduation for their students.
There is no consistent number of yearbooks that they purchase every school year since the
number of graduating students each school year is fluctuating but it would not probably reach
thousands. When it comes to printing yearbooks, they hire a third party photographer to capture
raw pictures. Then, these pictures will be sent back (to school) for them to lay-out their own
desired yearbook. After the layout, it will be brought out to printing press in Dagupan for them
to print hundreds of copies of it. They may take the offer of a newly established printing shop
based on the entity competitiveness and the quality of their outputs. Their ideal package was a
bookbinded yearbook, so that it will be easily distributed to the students.
When it comes to the printing of identification cards for students, they are planning to
purchase their own I.D card printer since their accustomed printing shop commits such crucial
errors when it comes to the names and courses of the students. Also, their chosen printing shop
delivers the finished identification cards later than expected, so most of their students
complained and get annoyed. But if were given the chances to have a nearby printing shop to
avail this service, they will accept it based on the capability, quality and pricing of the business.
The information acquired from the interview with Mr. Aquino indicates that if the
researchers put up the proposed printing services in Mangaldan, Pangasinan, there would be a
great probability that the researchers will succeed in their chosen industry if they will make sure
that they will provide a faster service in comparison with the direct and indirect competitors
without compromising the quality of the products.
Just like the Metro Dagupan College, the Mangaldan National High School will also avail
yearbooks, if given the opportunity to have a great package deal from a printing shop in
Mangaldan, they are open to the idea by considering the quality of the products and its
affordability, given the fact that they are a public school and the shop must have a good customer
service. This same deal also goes through the identification cards of the students and the
teachers. As of now, Mangaldan National High School do not provide yearbooks for their
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graduating students given the fact that they are a public school. These information were gathered
from Principal Leo Blaquir.
Another interviewee was the marketing head of Cyber Fiesta, one of the pioneer printing
shops in Dagupan, specifically on Arellano Street, Downton District, Dagupan City, which is
located beside the University of the Philippines-Arellano.
When asked about the inventory purchased schedule of the said printing shop when it
comes to coupon bonds, PVC card, and inks used for the printer, she stated that they purchased
such materials based on the demand of the services they offer higher than the average preceding
the peak season. Meanwhile, on normal season, Cyber Fiesta reorders in a weekly basis. They
also experienced such problems wherein they were forced to buy from Metro Manila because
their suppliers in Pangasinan were out of stock because of too many printing shops competing
with the same suppliers. Also, a significant information acquired from them emphasizes that
printing shop's sales allowance is inconsistent with each year. They uttered that walk-ins from
the University beside them and from the nearby Regional hospital greatly contribute to their
income. They were even considered as the eye blood of the entity since the receivables from
their big business clients often reaches up to three months. In the process of layouting, it is very
critical for these kind of businesses since most of their clients are availing mass production. To
avoid sales return, they must make sure that the layout includes important things such as dates,
names, and places, are carefully checked and approved by the clients. A good communication
skills must be developed between clients and layout artists. When it comes to the inkjet printers
that they have, they mentioned that they charged this equipment at most three times a year.
Though it may cause such large amount of investment in these machines, they concluded that the
payback period of the inkjet printers is one year or less. Due to the demand coming from the
students from the university beside the shop, they usually refill the ink of continuous printers
daily. One of the most remarkable statements of her was that in order to become successful
businessmen, one must be familiar with the products they offer, the uniqueness of its business to
others similar entities, and they must study the environment, as well as the target market of the
business. One must consider the 4Ps of its business that is in line with the business goals and
mission.
The last interviewee in this research study is the manager of Printwise, a popularly
known printing shop in Dagupan because of its high quality products and fast service. Queries
Page | 46
about printing yearbooks and business calling cards and flyers were the main topic of this
information gathering process.
She advised the researchers that printing yearbooks of low quantity, which is less than
100 pieces, a laser printer is the best equipment to use because it would cut costs with still, the
same quality like that of an offset printer. Laser printers could also be used to print business
flyers not exceeding 100 pieces. They are also said to have 2 to 3 years of return on investment
based on the marketing efforts of the enterprise.
Meanwhile, offset printers are a good way to print yearbooks of large quantity and
greater number of pages in order to take advantage of the economies of scale. Offset printers
have a payback period of 1 to 2 years, depending also on the marketing strategies and the
location of the business.
The toner of the laser printer, which makes its output of higher quality compared to inkjet
printers, costs Php 10,000 per piece but she said that there is no need to worry because this single
toner can already produce thousands of outputs may it be yearbooks, flyers, or business calling
cards.
For Printwise, their peak season is from January to May including the “Ber” months from
September until December. While its slack season is from June to August. It leads to a
conclusion that in this technological generation, printing industry is mainly in its growth that is
why it is a good industry to invest at.

Page | 47
 FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

1. SALES
 The population of the students and teachers was acquired through an interview with the
principal of Mangaldan National High School, Mr. Leo D. Blaquir.
 The “Yes” category to compute the sales is the percentage of the students who answered
that they avail printing services among the total respondents of the survey.
 The researchers assumed 5% market share based on the conducted survey to the students
and through observing the industry of printing in Mangaldan, Pangasinan.
 Probability per Service: The number of the students who avail each printing services
(based from the survey) was divided by the sum of all the students who avail the printing
services presented.
 The average spending was acquired by calculating the weighted average of the
respondents’ level of spending to the number of participants.
 The sale increases by 12% during the peak season (January to May and September to
December) based on the interview with the manager of Printwise.

2. COST OF GOODS SOLD

 Printing Documents: It was assumed that 70% came from Inkjet printing and 30% from
Laser printing. Each category is divided based on the size of the paper preferred by the
consumers: short bond paper (50%), long bond paper (30%), A4 bond paper (10%) and
A5 bond paper (10%). Each classification is composed of three parts namely texts only

Page | 48
 (50%), with pictures (30%) and pictures only (20%). These percentages used to distribute
the sales over the different medium offered was all an assumption based from the
observation to various printing shops in Mangaldan such as Ranzone and Pics & Prints.
 Photocopy: The sales from photocopy coming from students and teachers is assumed to
be divided each into four categories based from the observations by the researchers to
competing printing shops: short bond paper (50%), long bond paper (30%), A4 bond
paper (10%) and A5 bond paper (10%).
 Bookbind: It was assumed by the researchers that each sales from the students and the
teachers is divided into two allocations: short bond paper (50%) and A4 bond paper
(50%). Also, the number of pages in every bookbind sold was assumed to be 200 sheets
based on the standards the researchers have analyzed from the internet.
 Photodevelop: The sales from students and teachers was distributed each into the
following specifications namely: 2R (10%), 3R (10%), 4R (10%), 5R (10%), 8R (10%),
A4 (10%), Set 1 (15%), Set 2 (15%) and Set 3 (10%). This allocation is an assumption
based on an observation by the researcher among competing printing shops.
 PVC Identification Cards: The cost per unit in availing identification cards is equal to
the cost a single PVC Card, toner, and ID ribbon card and was multiplied to the quantity
of goods sold.

3. OPERATING EXPENSES
 Advertising Expense: The cost of other materials was based from the printing shops that
will produce them. Foldable fans and coin purses are based from printing shop located
infront of PSAT in Lingayen, whereas poster and tarpaulin are based from Printwise in
Dagupan. The researchers estimated the quantities of these materials based on the usual
number of giveaways given by some shops and the number of schools to be given.
 Depreciation Expense: The property, plant and equipment of Paper Ink were depreciated
using straight line method. Straight line depreciation method charges cost evenly
throughout the useful life of a fixed asset.
 Repairs And Maintenance Expense: The researchers assumed that their equipment will
be repaired and maintained twice a year, June and December. They estimated that the

Page | 49
 maintenance fee for one year will cost 2% of the equipment’s cost. Thus, the repairs and
maintenance expense is divided evenly for June and December.
 Supplies Expense: The Paper Ink conducted an interview at Ranzone, Cyber Fiesta, and
Printwise and they observed that the supplies they include on their supplies expense were
the ones that are usually needed in a printing service. Another, they also included
cleaning materials that they will use in cleaning their workplace and to the computers that
they will use.
 Salaries and Wages: The salary expense of each employee were based from the
minimum wage prevailing in Region 1 provided by the internet (see Appendix M).
 SSS, Philhealth, and Pagibig Expense: The researchers based the Social Security
System, PhilHealth, and Pagibig expenses on the contribution tables provided by these
government agencies (see Appendix N). They used these tables to compute the benefits
that the employees of the business will receive.
 Rent Expense: According to the management of the building, the monthly rent costs Php
9,000 which includes a rent of Php 8,500 and security fee of Php 500.
 Taxes and Licences: The cost for barangay clearance was acquired from the Barangay
Hall of the business’ location, Barangay Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan. With
regards to mayor’s permit, sanitary permit, SEC permit, fire safety inspection certificate,
and occupancy permit, they were based on Municipal Hall of Mangaldan. Lastly, the
mechanical fee or the fee for every machine used by the business was based on DPWH
website.

 Utilities Expense: The researchers assumed that the electricity for one month is Php
5,000 because they will use many machines and equipment for their business. Likewise,
the cost of telecommunications is based on one of PLDT’s plan which is Php 1,299.00
monthly.

STATEMENT OF PARTNERS’ EQUITY

1. ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT: Every partner had invested a total amount of ₱46, 000.00,
except for Gonzaga, the manager of the business which had invested an amount of of ₱48,
000.00 in order to start the said business. The total investment by all the parters is Php
Page | 50
 370,000. The researchers came up with this capital after computing the capital needed of
Php 365,047 for a year.
2. SALARY ALLOWANCE: The researchers have based the average salaries of each job
positions in the standards found from the reliable sources on the internet (see Appendix M).
The working hours of each partner who will work in the business were estimated by the
researchers based on when their presence are needed.
3. PROFIT SHARING: The researchers have decided and agreed to have an equal profit
sharing even though not all of the partners have worked in the business.
4. WITHDRAWALS: The researchers assumed that each partner will have an amount of P 35,
000 as withdrawals. This amount is less than the investment contributed by each of the
partner.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSTION

1. ASSETS
 The cash acted as balancing equation in the financial position
 The Paper Ink’s Merchandise Inventory is the amount of inventory needed for one month
of operation (January).
 The Paper Ink’s Supplies is the remaining amount of supplies that is good for one month.
 Property, Plant and Equipment: Some of the brand, specifications and qualities of
equipment are recommended and used by the established printing businesses that the
researchers had interviewed. With regards to their prices, the researchers had canvassed
on various shops selling these machines from Lingayen, Dagupan and even from
authorized sellers online. While for the quantity, the researchers based it on the survey
conducted to students and services wherein they selected the services they availed.
 Accumulated Depreciation: The accumulated depreciation was obtained by getting the
summation the yearly depreciation expense.
2. LIABILITIES
 SSS, Philhealth and Pagibig Payable: SSS, Philhealth, and Pagibig contributions are
paid every 10th day of the following month. For this reason, the company will have its

Page | 51
 SSS, Philhealth and Pagibig payable for the unpaid contributions on December. This will
be paid on January 10. This payable includes both the employer and employee share.
3. PARTNERS’ EQUITY
 The capital shown in the financial position is the ending capital resulted in statement of
partners’ equity which Php 1,487,087.22.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PAPER INK
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For Year Ended December 31, 20XX

JANUAR FEBRUAR
MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
Y Y

₱242,601.6 ₱242,601.6 ₱242,601.6 ₱242,601.6 ₱327,108.5

Sales 2 ₱242,601.62 2 2 2 9
Cost of Good
Sold 80,197.64 80,197.64 80,197.64 80,197.64 80,197.64 81,901.03

₱162,403.9 ₱162,403.9 ₱162,403.9 ₱162,403.9 ₱245,207.5

Gross Profit 9 ₱162,403.99 9 9 9 6
Operating
Expenses:
Advertising
Expense 3,102.00 - - - - -
Depreciation
Expense 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66
Repairs and
Maintenance
- - - - -
Expense 2,754.39
Supplies
Expense 3,865.10 - - - - -
Salaries and
Wages 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 43,264.00
SSS,
Philhealth and 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00
Pagibig
Page | 52
Expense

Rent Expense 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00

Permits and
Licenses 5,615.00 - - - - -
Utilities
Expense 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00
Total
Operating
Expenses ₱73,826.76 ₱61,244.66 ₱61,244.66 ₱61,244.66 ₱61,244.66 ₱70,399.05

NET ₱88,577.2 ₱101,159.3 ₱101,159.3 ₱101,159.3 ₱101,159.3 ₱174,808.5

INCOME 2 2 2 2 2 1

PAPER INK
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For Year Ended December 31, 20XX

SEPTEMB OCTOBE NOVEMB DECEMB

JULY AUGUST
ER R ER ER

₱216,608. ₱216,608. ₱242,601. ₱242,601.6

Sales 59 59 ₱242,601.62 62 ₱242,601.62 2
Cost of Good
Sold 71,605.03 71,605.03 80,197.64 80,197.64 80,197.64 80,197.64

₱145,003. ₱145,003. ₱162,403. ₱162,403.9

Gross Profit 56 56 ₱162,403.99 99 ₱162,403.99 9
Operating
Expenses:
Advertising
Expense - - - - 3,500.00
Depreciation
Expense 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66 4,716.66
Repairs and
Maintenance
Expense - - - - - 2,754.39
Supplies
Expense - - - - - -
Salaries and
Wages 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 36,864.00 73,728.00
Page | 53
SSS,
Philhealth and
Pagibig
Expense 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00 4,365.00

Rent Expense 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00

Taxes and
Licenses - - - - - -
Utilities
Expense 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00 6,299.00
Total
Operating ₱61,244.6 ₱61,244.6 ₱61,244.6 ₱104,363.0
Expenses 6 6 ₱61,244.66 6 ₱61,244.66 5

NET ₱83,758.9 ₱83,758.9 ₱ ₱101,159. ₱ ₱

INCOME 0 0 101,159.32 32 101,159.32 58,040.93

PAPER INK
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 20XX

Sales ₱ 2,943,740.40
Cost of Good Sold 946,889.84
Gross Profit ₱ 1,996,850.56
Operating Expenses:
Advertising Expense ₱ 6,602.00
Depreciation Expense 56,599.97
Repairs and Maintenance Expense 5,508.78
Supplies Expense 3,865.10
Salaries and Wages 485,632.00
SSS, Philhealth and Pagibig Expense 52,380.00
Rent Expense 108,000.00
Taxes and Licenses 5,615.00
Utilities Expense 75,588.00
Total Operating Expenses 799,790.85
NET INCOME ₱ 1,197,059.71

Page | 54
 PAPER INK
Statement of Partners’ Equity
For the Year Ended December 31, 20XX

Page | 55
 PAPER INK
Statement of Financial Positon
December 31, 20XX

ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash ₱ 977,946.48
Merchandise Inventory 81,641.11
Supplies 3,865.10
Total Current Assets ₱ 1,063,452.68
Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)
Property, Plant and Equipment ₱ 287,437.00
Less: Accumulated Depreciation 56,599.97
Total Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) ₱ 230,837.03
TOTAL ASSETS ₱ 1,294,289.71

LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
SSS, Philhealth and Pag-ibig Payable ₱ 7,230.00
Total Liabilities ₱ 7,230.00

PARTNERS' EQUITY
Capital 1,287,059.71
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS' EQUITY ₱ 1,294,289.71

PAPER INK
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 20XX
Page | 56
 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income for the Year ₱ 1,197,059.71
Depreciation Expense 56,599.97
(Increase)/Decrease in Current Assets:
Merchandise Inventory (81,641.11)
Supplies (3,865.10)
(Increase)/Decrease in Current Liability:
SSS, Philhealth and Pag-ibig Payable 7,230.00
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities ₱ 1,175,383.48

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment (287,437.00)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (287,437.00)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Additional Investment ₱ 370,000.00
Withdrawals (280,000.00)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 90,000.00
Net Change in Cash ₱ 977,946.48
Cash, January 1, 20XX -
Cash, December 31, 20XX ₱ 977,946.48

Financial Ratios and its Interpretation

Liquidity Ratio

Current Assets ₱ 1,063,452.68

Current Ratio =
Current Liabilities
= ₱ 7,230.00
= 147.09

A company’s current ratio measures the ability of the company to pay its short-term
obligations as they come due. Paper Ink’s only current liability is Social Security System (SSS),
Page | 57
Philhealth and Pagibig, so the current ratio of the business is 147.09. This is favorable for the
business because a higher current ratio is better for a company. It implies that Paper Ink has more
current assets than current liabilities. Also, a higher current ratio suggests a higher probability of
converting current assets into cash.

Activity Ratios

Sales ₱ 2 , 943,740.40
Fixed Asset Turnover =
¿ Assets−¿ Accumulated Depreciation
= ₱ 230,837.03
=
12.75
Fixed asset turnover measures the company’s efficiency in generating sales from its fixed
asset investments. Paper Ink uses many machines in producing its products and services. Paper
Ink has a fixed asset turnover of 12.75 which means that it utilizes Php 1.00 of its fixed asset for
every Php 12.75 generated in sales. This is desirable for the business because a high fixed asset
turnover ratio indicates that fixed assets are being utilized efficiently and large amount of sales
are generated by using small amount of these assets.

Sales ₱ 2,943,740.40
Total Asset Turnover =
Total Assets
= ₱ 1,294,289.71
= 2.27

A company’s total asset turnover measures the efficiency of a company in using its assets
to generate sales. Paper Ink has a total asset turnover of 2.27 and this is a favorable trend for a
printing business. This indicates that Paper Ink generates Php 2.27 sales by using Php 1.00 of its
assets. The higher the total asset turnover, the more efficient a company is, but it does not
necessarily result in more profits.
Profitability Ratios

Net Income ₱ 1,197,059.71

Net Profit Margin =
Sales
= ₱ 2,943,740.40
= 40.66%

Net profit margin of a company measures the overall profitability of the business. It is the
percentage of sales after all operating expenses, taxes, and interests have been deducted from a
company’s total revenue. Paper Ink has a high net profit margin of 40.66% which is favorable for

Page | 58
the business. This means that Paper Ink is able to turn more of its sales into profits. Moreover,
this ratio is one of the most important ratios that management and investors analyze.

Gross Profit ₱ 1,996,850.56

Gross Profit Margin =
Sales
= ₱ 2,943,740.40
= 67.83%

Gross profit margin is an indication of the financial success and viability of a particular
product or service. It measures how much of every peso of sales is leftover after paying cost of
goods sold. Paper Ink’s gross profit margin is 67.83%, a desirable trend for the business. This
high percentage shows that Paper Ink had retained more sales to cover its other costs and
obligations.

Income before
₱ 1,197,059.71
Return on Fixed Assets = Interest ∧Taxes = ₱ 230,837.03
= 5.19
¿ Assets
A high turnover indicates that assets are being utilized efficiently and large amount of
sales are generated using a small amount of assets. Paper Ink has a return on fixed assets of 5.19
which means that it has a favorable effect on the business because fixed assets are being utilized
efficiently and high amount of income are generated by using small amount of fixed assets.

Net Income ₱ 1,197,059.71

Return on Total Assets =
Total Assets
= ₱ 1,294,289.71
= 0.92

Return on assets measure how much profit a company makes from its total assets. The
computed return on total assets was 0.92 or 92%. This indicates that the firm returns Php 0.92
for every peso invested in assets. Paper Ink generates Php 0.92 income by using Php 1.00 of its
total assets. Therefore, it shows an unfavorable trend to the business because it generates income
lesser than the used amount of assets.

Capital Budget

Outflow ₱ 370,000.00
Payback Period =
Inflow
= ₱ 1,175,383.48
= 0.31

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 Payback period is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. Paper
Ink’s computed payback period was 0.31 or approximately four (4) months. According to the
interview conducted by the researchers, the payback period of the machines is approximately 1
year or less. A shorter payback period is considered better as it means the investment will be
repaid fairly shortly, in other words, the cost of the investment will quickly be recovered by the
cash flow that investment will generate. Since Paper Ink’s payback period of four (4) months is
shorter than what the interviewee had stated, it shows a desirable effect to the company.

Net Present Value = Present Value of Inflow−Present Value of Outflow

1− (1+ r )−t
= Cash Flow × ( r )−Investment

1−( 1+ 0.10 )−5

= ₱ 1,361,364.45 × ( 0.10 ) −₱ 370,000

= ₱ 4,085,628.13
A net present value of a company analyzes the profitability of a projected investment or
project. It shows the returns on initial investment made by the company. Paper Ink has a high net
present value of Php 4,085,628.13. This is desirable for the company because a positive net
present value assumes a profitable investment.

Internal Rate of Return

Initial Investment (₱ 370,000.00)

Cash Inflow Year 1 1,175,383.48
Cash Inflow Year 2 1,175,383.48
Cash Inflow Year 3 1,175,383.48
Cash Inflow Year 4 1,175,383.48
Cash Inflow Year 5 1,175,383.48
Internal Rate of Return 317%

The internal rate of return determines which discount rate will make the present value of
cash inflow equal the initial investment. It is the lowest level of return from the acceptable
project in order to justify the investment. Paper Ink has an internal rate of return of 317%. The
higher the project’s internal rate of return, the more desirable it is to undertake.
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 Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the conclusions drawn from the findings and the corresponding
recommendations of the researchers.

A. Summary and Conclusion

The businesses usually operates for 8 hours a day, in contrast, based on the survey
gathered, many are availing the service at 6:00 AM as well as at 6:00 PM onwards, the

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researchers concluded to extend their business hours from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM. In addition,
according to the results, many are being availed daily. Thus, Paper ink will hire 6 employees
with their shifting hours and designated works. Also, it will make sure that the employees are
dynamic and flexible by having qualifications in hiring for each position. Since photocopy and
printing documents are the most availed services, according to the data collected, it drives the
researchers to have more equipment to these services having 2 photocopy machines, 2 inkjet
printers, and 1 laser printer.
With regards to the number of consumers, based on the findings, majority of the students
of Mangaldan National High School with 79.50% avail printed documents, photocopy, book
bind, ring bind, encoding, photo develops, and identification card. While, teachers’ result is only
45% of purchase printing. Thus, majority of the teachers have their own capability to print.
Though, majority of the teachers have personal printers the outcome was still good. According to
the firm’s income statement, it is profitable having a net income of Php 1,397,087.22 in the first
year. In addition, based on the calculated financial ratio, it is favorable since the firm produces
net profit margin of 43.61% which surpasses the industry average. Therefore, the researchers
conclude that offering these kind of services to these type of markets can generate enough
amount of profit.
When it comes to schools, based on the interview acquired from Mangaldan National
High School regarding yearbook, it stated that they had never tried to purchase this kind of
service since limited students only want to avail it. On the other hand, Metro Dagupan College
stated that it has been a long time since they have obtained a yearbook which displays
uncertainty in their purchase in the next years. None of the Paper Ink’s school market will avail
the said service. Hence, researchers will eliminate yearbook as their service offered.
From the survey performed, respondents are asked to rank the things they consider in
availing printing services and shows that they mostly consider the quality of the product. In line
with this, the researchers conclude to focus more on providing the utmost quality of their
products by using the machine that will produce a higher quality such as laser printer. In
addition, based on the interviews of the owner of the printing shops, they have mentioned that
laser printers produce an excellent output and less costly than the inkjet printer. In addition, the
fixed asset turnover of the firm is 13.88 which surpasses the industry average that implies
favorable outcome in the usage of machines. Hence, it proves one of the identified strengths,
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providing the best quality at reasonable price, whereas, researchers can deliver superior quality
with the competitive price without compromising the cost.
In the town of Mangaldan, there are outnumbered printing shops consisting at least 5
establishments around the market and based on the findings from students and teachers, it shows
that the market share of Ranzone printing shop is 68.75% and 68%, respectively. More than half
of the population is part of Ranzone’s customers. In spite of this difference, based on the
computation, it has Php 3,203,358.32 sales and generates Php 1, 397,087.22 net income in the
first year. Thus, the firm can accumulate cash and can compete to other existing printing shops.
Consequently, it outweighs the weaknesses of researchers, the small variety of market offering
and offers some existing products.
Meanwhile, the remaining weakness, the expensiveness of maintenance fee is also below
the firm’s capability whereas, based from the financial statement, the expenses including
maintenance cost do not overshadow the profit. Substantially, maintaining the productivity of the
machines results to the profitability of the firm since the consumers’ focus more on the quality of
the product as stated a while ago.
In the data acquired from the marketing head of Cyberfiesta printing shop, it stated that
they change their inkjet printers 3 times a year because of its useful life and to cope up with the
changes in technological advancement. In this regard, it also stated that there is an early payback
period in every machine. Altogether, the speed of change, researchers’ threat can overcome since
the cash outlay can be recovered quickly.
Based on all the findings, researchers concluded that it is feasible to establish a printing
business in Mangaldan and it can compete with existing printing shops.

B. Recommendation
This study had only focused on the students and teachers of specific schools in
Mangaldan, Pangasinan such as Mangaldan National High and Metro Dagupan Colleges. The
Paper Ink recommends that further studies and observations be carried out on students and
teachers from other schools. It is advisable to involve more than two schools to see whether there
are any similarities or differences in the findings that will be relevant to the improvement of this
business research. In addition, the number of participants needed in the survey should increase

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having a confidence level of 80% to 90%. With this, the researchers will know more about the
needs of the participants of their business.
In order to know more about the market conditions of the printing industry locally and in
general terms, the future researchers should interview more business owners of printing shops
and even printing press especially in Mangaldan and nearby town such as Dagupan, Lingayen,
San Fabian and Mapandan. This would help them gather more informations and insights, get to
observe how printing shops operate, get to analyzed the strength, weaknesses, threates and
opportunities that they may compare with their proposed business to be more reliable and
precise.
Moreover, the data gathered in this study is bounded on the target market of the business
which is the students, teachers and schools in the vicinity of Mangaldan, Pangasinan. The Paper
Ink suggests to the future researchers that expanding the target market to the larger market
participants such as the small and medium enterprises, event organizations and to everyone who
has the demand for printing services. Extending the target market to a larger extent also includes
adding various services offered such as yearbook, lamination, t-shirt printing, tarpaulin printing
and other printing needs that people usually avail or may consider as an added service offer.
They should also introduce their business not only in the vicinity of Mangaldan but also in the
nearby places such as Mapandan and San Fabian.
This study should have been more focused in decoding or understanding the industry of
printing and its growth for the past few years in the view of micro and macro perspective. But
due to time constraint, it was not as informative and complete as it should be. To address this
issue, future research and investigations should be done that will be subejected to future probing
which could largely contribute in understanding the industry they are taking partake of.
In the light of the above, research further the claim that there is a high demand for such
service in the locality with the presence of other potential customers along the nearby areas and
with the additional service to be offered. Establishing the validity of this claim will have an
impact on the demand and marketability of the business. The researchers take some
recommendations, which, if taken into consideration, might bring some positive changes to the
current approach.

Page | 64
 Bibliography

Black, K. (2006). Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making. River Street,
Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Brawner, D.G. (Ed.). (2015). Technology in the Learning Environment. Quezon City, Manila:
Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.

Page | 65
Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2007) “Business Research Methods” (2nd edition). Oxford University
Press.

Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching. (n.d.). Ethical Considerations. Retrieved
September 2017 from https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/tutorials/ethics

English Dictionary. Retrieved July 2017 from http://dictionary.cambridge.org

Google Map. Retrieved July 2017 from https://www.google.com.ph

GovPh. (2018, January 17). Printing and publishing industries seen to contribute in Ph growth,
BOI remains supportive in enabling sectors to be more competitive. Retrieved September
2018 from http://boi.gov.ph/printing-and-publishing-industries-seen-to-contribute-in-ph-
growth-boi-remains-supportive-in-enabling-sectors-to-be-more-competitive/

Habaradas, R., & Tullao Jr., T. (2001, January 4). An in-depth study on the printing and
publishing industry in the Philippines. Retrieved September 2017 from
https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps/tapspp0107.pdf

Kumar, V. (2014, January 24). Interview method in research. Retrieved September 2017 from
https://www.slideshare.net/VinayKumar49/interview-method-in-research

Makin, M. (2017, December 1). Trends in 2018for the Print Market. Retrieved March 2019 from
https://ppiassociation.org/News/Printlandia/2017/12/Trends-in-2018-for-the-Print-Market

Milford, OH. (2002). The evolution of modern printing and copying. Printips, 1-4.

Pedrasa, I.P. (2016, April 3). Print's not dead, says technology giant Epson. Retrieved August 1,
2017, from http://business.inquirer.net/209118/prints-not-dead-says-technology-giant
epson#ixzz4oYWv6pB0

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Philstar. (2016, March 10). Philippines among Southeast Asian markets to lead printing growth.
Retrieved September 2018, from https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/03/10/15615
78/philippines-among-southeast-asian-markets-lead-printing-growth

Sidhpuria, M.V. (2009). Retail Franchising. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Talavera, C. (2018, April 6). Manufacturing output surges 24.8% in February. Philstar global.
Retrieved February 23, 2019 from
https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/04/06/1803143/manufacturing-output-surges-
248february?
fbclid=IwAR1xV1dMBYqcoO86fzOBBzkcx5U12nGZVAINEd0N5rwasmwSwmNuq--
s4Iw

Tarpaulin printing business in the Philippines. (n.d). Retrieved August 1, 2017, from
http://www.tarpaulinprintingbusiness.com/blog/tarpaulin-printing-business-in-the-
philippines

Walker, T. (2008, April 15). The evolution of Printer Technology: Then and now. Retrieved
August 1, 2017, from http://www.cartridgesave.co.uk/news/the-evolution-of-printer-
technology-then-and-now/

Yinke, D. (2010). Ancient Chinese Inventions: Thousands of years of Science and Technology.
Beijing, China: China Intercontinental Press.
APPENDICES

Appendix A
Letter of Permission (for Managers)

December 2018

Name
Position
Page | 67
Address of the company

Sir/Madam:

We, the Grade 12 ABM students from Kingfisher School of Business and Finance, are currently
conducting a research on the feasibility of establishing a Printing Business in Mangaldan,
Pangasinan. In this regard, the researchers would like to seek from your management your expert
advice and other information that would greatly help us in accomplishing this endeavor.
We are conducting this research as a partial requirement in Practical Research 2, an applied
subject in the K to 12 curriculum. Rest assured that all information will only be used in our
research and not on matters that would negatively affect your management or your company.
We are looking forward for your favorable response and would gladly want to conduct an
interview in your desired time.
Thank you and God bless!

Sincerely,

HANNAH PATRICIA S. GONZAGA

Leader of Paper Ink

Noted By:

SIR MARK JERVIN FERNANDEZ

Appendix B
Letter of Permission (for Principals)

December 2018

Dear Ma’am/Sir:

Warmest Greetings!
Page | 68
We are students of Kingfisher School of Business and Finance and are currently in the last year
of Senior High taking up Accountancy, and Business Management (ABM) strand. We are
currently doing our research study about printing business in the municipality of Mangaldan. We
would be most grateful if we could meet with you.

We would like to interview you in person and hope that you are available during the second
week of December. We’ll probably take 15-30 minutes of your time. We appreciate your
consideration of our request.

We will call you on to see if you’re available or you may leave a message using my
information below. Thank you so much and we are looking forward to meet with you.

Sincerely,

HANNAH PATRICIA S. GONZAGA

Leader of Paper Ink

Noted By:

SIR MARK JERVIN FERNANDEZ

Research Adviser

Appendix C
Letter of Consent (for Survey)

December 2018

Name
Position
Address of the company

Page | 69
Sir/Madam:

Warmest Greetings!

We are students of Kingfisher School of Business and Finance and are currently in the last year
of Senior High taking up Accountancy, and Business Management (ABM) strand. We are
currently doing our research study about printing business in the municipality of Mangaldan.

We would like to ask your permission to allow us to conduct a survey among the students in your
school. We are conducting this survey among the College students in Metro Dagupan College.
Attached herewith is the survey questionnaire for this study. All information will be kept in
utmost confidentiality and would be use only for academic purposes.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance for your
interest and assistance with this research.

Sincerely,

HANNAH PATRICIA S. GONZAGA

Leader of Paper Ink

Noted By:

SIR MARK JERVIN FERNANDEZ

Research Adviser

Appendix D
Survey Questionnaire

Name (Optional): _________________________

Page | 70
Year Level: Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12

1. Do you go at printing shops to print? ___ Yes ___ No

*If YES, continue answering number 3. If NO, please answer number 2.
2. Why don’t you go at printing shops to print?
___We have our own printer ___ I don’t need printing services ___Too
crowded
3. What type of printing services do you avail? You may check more than one.
__Printed documents __Photocopy __Book bind __Ring bind __Encoding __Photo
develop
4. How often do you use/avail these services?
For printed documents: ___ Daily ___ 3-5 times a week ___Weekly
For photocopy: ___ Daily ___ 3-5 times a week ___Weekly
For book bind: ___ Monthly ___ 3-5 times a year ___ Yearly ___ Never
For ring bind: ___ Monthly ___ 3-5 times a year ___ Yearly ___ Never
For encoding: ___ Daily ___ 3-5 times a week ___ Weekly ___
Never
For photo develop: ___ Daily ___ 3-5 times a week ___ Weekly
___Monthly
5. What time do you usually avail these services?
___ 6:00 am – 9:00 am ___ 9:01 am – 12:00 nn ___ 12:01 pm –
3:00 pm
___ 3:01 pm – 6:00 pm ___ 6:00 pm onwards
6. How much do you spend in availing these services?
For printed documents:
___ Less than P20 ___ P21-P50 ___ P51-P100 ___ Over P100
For photocopy:
___ Less than P20 ___ P21-P50 ___ P51-P100 ___ Over P100
For book bind:
___ Less than P100 ___ P101-P250 ___ P251-P400 ___ Over P400
For ring bind:
___ Less than P100 ___ P101-P250 ___ P251-P400 ___ Over P400
For encoding:
___ Less than P20 ___ P21-P50 ___ P51-P100 ___ Over P100
For photo develop:
___ Less than P20 ___ P21-P50 ___ P51-P100 ___ Over P100

Page | 71
7. What printing shop do you usually avail these services?
___ Ranzone ___ Jonhill ___ Others (please specify)
_______________
___ Pics and Prints ___ Computer Shop
8. What are the things you consider in availing these services? Please rank them from 1-4
according to your preference (1 as the least considered and 4 as the most considered).
___ Price ___ Service
___ Quality ___ Location
9. What printing services do you need that are not available in the vicinity of Mangaldan?
Answer/s: ______________________________
10. Based on your answer in no. 9, where do you avail these services?
___ Dagupan ___ San Fabian ___ Others (please specify)
_______________
___ Manaoag ___ San Jacinto

Noted by:

Mr. Mark Jervin Fernandez

Research Adviser

Appendix E
Some Questions for Interviewee

1. Why did you choose to establish a business in the printing industry?

2. What are the challenges you encounter while maintaining the operations of the business?
How did you solve these problems?
3. What is the uniqueness of your business with your competitors?
a. In terms of services offered
Page | 72
 b. In terms of equipment/machines used
4. What are the equipments that your business uses for:
a. Printing documents
b. Photocopy
c. Yearbook
d. ID
5. When it comes to your inventories such as bond papers and ink, how often do you avail
from your suppliers?
6. Can you please state the months where you experienced:
a. Normal season
1. Most availed service
2. Least availed service
b. Peak season
1. Most availed service
2. Least availed service
c. Slack Season
1. Most availed service
2. Least availed service
7. In a year, what is your average sales allowance?
8. How often do you avail new printing equipments for providing services?
9. What is the average payback period of your equipments?
10. What is your advice to those entrepreneurs who are planning to start a printing shop or
any business in printing industry?

Appendix F
Computation of Sample Size – Students

Page | 73
Appendix G
Computation of Sample
Size – Teachers

Page | 74
 Appendix H
Tabulation of Data – Students

Q1. Do you go at printing shops to print?

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Page | 75
 Yes 16 23 24 20 25 20 128
No 10 4 3 8 2 6 33

Q2. Why don’t you go at printing shops to print?

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
We have our own 10 4 2 4 2 5 27

printer
I don’t need - - - 3 - - 3

printing services
Too crowded - - 1 1 - 1 3

Q3. What type of printing services do you avail? You may check more than one.

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Printed 16 23 23 10 22 17 111

Documents
Photocopy 15 23 24 19 21 19 121
Book bind 4 10 8 4 15 14 55
Ring bind 2 9 6 2 8 3 30
Encoding 8 17 18 6 14 9 72
Photodevelop 13 22 22 13 17 15 102

Q4. How often do you use/avail these services?

For printed documents

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Daily 3 4 1 4 1 13 26
3-5 times a week 6 9 10 3 10 1 39
Weekly 7 10 12 3 11 3 46

For photocopy

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Daily 4 4 7 6 1 2 24
3-5 times a week 4 12 9 2 9 7 43
Weekly 7 7 8 11 11 10 54
Page | 76
For book bind

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Monthly 1 3 - 1 - 2 7
3-5 times a year 1 1 4 1 1 - 8
Yearly 2 6 4 2 14 12 40

For ring bind

Grade 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Monthly - 5 2 - - 1 8
3-5 times a year - - - 1 1 - 2
Yearly 2 4 4 1 7 2 20

For encoding

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Daily 1 3 2 3 2 1 12
3-5 times a week 2 3 6 1 7 6 25
Weekly 5 11 10 2 5 2 35

For photodevelop

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Daily 2 1 - 3 - 1 7
3-5 times a week 2 2 3 2 4 2 15
Weekly 3 2 9 3 1 3 21
Monthly 6 17 10 5 12 9 59

Q5. What time do you usually avail these services?

Grade 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
6:00 am – 9:00 am - 10 6 6 8 3 33
9:01 am – 12:00 nn - 3 - 5 2 - 10
12:01pm – 3:00 2 1 1 1 4 3 12

pm
Page | 77
3:00 pm – 6:00 pm 6 2 8 3 7 13 39
6:00 pm onwards 8 7 9 5 4 1 34

Q6. How much do you spend in availing these services?

For printed documents

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 20 6 7 7 7 7 7 41
Php 21 – Php 50 9 11 8 1 11 6 46
Php 51 – Php 100 1 5 6 2 3 3 20
Over Php 100 - - 2 - 1 1 4

For photocopy

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 20 11 15 15 14 17 13 85
Php 21 – Php 50 2 8 7 5 3 5 30
Php 51 – Php 100 2 - 2 - - 1 5
Over Php 100 - - - - 1 - 1

For book bind

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 100 2 2 2 2 3 - 11
Php 101 – Php 250 1 4 4 2 10 6 27
Php 251 – Php 400 1 3 1 - 2 7 13
Over Php 400 - 1 1 - - 2 4

For ring bind

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 100 - 5 1 1 1 1 9
Php 101 – Php 250 1 3 5 1 5 2 16
Php 251 – Php 400 1 1 - - 2 - 4
Page | 78
 Over Php 400 - - - - - - -

For encoding

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 20 4 9 7 2 9 2 33
Php 21 – Php 50 2 7 7 3 2 6 27
Php 51 – Php 100 2 1 4 - 3 1 11
Over Php 100 - - - 1 - - 1

For photodevelop

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Less than Php 20 4 11 10 4 3 3 35
Php 21 – Php 50 6 7 9 7 14 9 52
Php 51 – Php 100 3 4 2 1 - 3 13
Over Php 100 - - 1 1 - - 2

Q7. What printing shop do you usually avail these services?

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Ranzone 12 19 13 17 16 11 88
Pics and Prints - - 1 - 1 - 2
Jonhill - 3 1 2 1 3 10
Computer shops 4 1 9 1 5 6 26
Others - - - - 2 - 2

Q8. What are the things you consider in availing these services? Please rank them from

1 – 4 according to your preference (1 as the least considered and 4 as the most considered).

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
Price 44 55 71 62 58 46 336
Quality 43 63 61 43 75 56 341
Service 31 63 62 50 57 55 318
Location 42 49 46 45 60 43 285

Page | 79
Q9. What printing services do you need that are not available in the vicinity of

Mangaldan?

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
None 16 17 21 16 24 10 104
Bookbind - - - - 1 10 11
Poster - 2 - - - - 2
Lamination - 1 - - - - 1
Ringbind - 1 - - - - 1
Publish - 1 - - - - 1
Tarpaulin - 1 - - - - 1
T-Shirt - - 3 - - - 3
Colored Photocopy - - - 2 - - 2
3D printing - - - 2 - - 2

Q10. Based on your answer in no. 9, where do you avail these services?

Options 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL
None 16 17 21 16 24 10 104
Dagupan - 6 3 2 1 10 22
Others - - - 2 - - 2

Appendix I
Tabulation of Data – Teachers

Q1. Do you go at printing shops to print?

Options TOTAL

Yes 46

No 56

Page | 80
Q2. Why don’t you go at printing shops to print?

Options TOTAL
We have our own printer 56

Q3. What type of printing services do you avail? You may check more than one.

Options TOTAL

Printed Documents 39

Photocopy 35

Book bind 11

Ring bind 5

Encoding 11

Photodevelop 17

Q4. How often do you use/avail these services?

For printed documents

Options TOTAL

Daily -

3-5 times a week 8

Weekly 31

For photocopy
Page | 81
 Options TOTAL

Daily -

3-5 times a week 12

Weekly 23

For book bind

Options TOTAL

Monthly -

3-5 times a year -

Yearly 11

For ring bind

Options TOTAL

Monthly -

3-5 times a year -

Yearly 5

For encoding

Options TOTAL

Daily 1

Page | 82
 3-5 times a week 1

Weekly 9

For photodevelop

Options TOTAL

Daily -

3-5 times a week -

Weekly -

Monthly 17

Q5. What time do you usually avail these services?

Grade TOTAL
6:00 AM – 9:00 AM 9
9:01 am – 12:00 nn 7
12:01pm – 3:00 pm 8
3:00 pm – 6:00 pm 10

6:00 pm onwards 10

Q6. How much do you spend in availing these services?

For printed documents

Page | 83
 Options TOTAL

Less than Php 20 13

Php 21 – Php 50 13

Php 51 – Php 100 8

Over Php 100 5

For photocopy

Options TOTAL

Less than Php 20 4

Php 21 – Php 50 6

Php 51 – Php 100 6

Over Php 100 19

For book bind

Options TOTAL

Less than Php 100 2

Php 101 – Php 250 7

Php 251 – Php 400 2

Over Php 400 -

For ring bind

Options TOTAL

Less than Php 100 -

Php 101 – Php 250 4

Page | 84
 Php 251 – Php 400 1

Over Php 400 -

For encoding

Options TOTAL

Less than Php 20 1

Php 21 – Php 50 4

Php 51 – Php 100 2

Over Php 100 2

For photodevelop

Options TOTAL

Less than Php 20 -

Php 21 – Php 50 9

Php 51 – Php 100 2

Over Php 100 6

Q7. What printing shop do you usually avail these services?

Options TOTAL

Ranzone 31

Pics and Prints 11

Jonhill 2

Page | 85
 Computer shops 2

Others -

Q8. What are the things you consider in availing these services? Please rank them from

1 – 4 according to your preference (1 as the least considered and 4 as the most considered).

Options TOTAL

Price 104

Quality 128

Service 109

Location 110

Q9. What printing services do you need that are not available in the vicinity of

Mangaldan?

Options TOTAL

None 40

Bookbind 5

Colored Photocopy 1

Q10. Based on your answer in no. 9, where do you avail these services?

Options TOTAL

None 40

Dagupan 6

Page | 86
 Appendix J
List of Permits and Licences
LICENSE/PERMIT DESCRIPTION COST RENEWAL RENEWAL
COST

Securities and Verify the availability 1/5 of 1% of Every 5 Php

Exchange of your business name partnership years 2,000.00
Commission on the SEC website capital but not
Permit and once verified, you less than Php
may already reserve 1,000.00
the company name
online.
Barangay This will be a Php 150.00 Annually Php 150.00
Clearance requirement in
applying for a
mayor’s business
permit. The
requirements and
processes may vary in
different local offices.
Mayor’s Permit The permit affirms Php 1500.00 Annually Php 1500.00
that your business is
in compliance to the
municipality or City’s

Page | 87
 ordinances and
standards.
Sanitary Permit This ensures that the Php 150.00 Annually Php 150.00
business observe the
standard of the
Sanitary Code of the
Philippines.
Bureau of Internal The business must be Php 500.00 Annually Php 500.00
Revenue Certificate registered with BIR to
secure a BIR
Certificate of
Registration.
Fire Safety This is granted if a 10% of all fees Annually Php 505.00
Inspection building or structure charged by the
Certificate has fully complied LGU or by other
with the fire safety agencies
and protection concerned in the
requirements of the granting of
Fire Code of the pertinent permits
Philippines. Issued by or licenses
Bureau of Fire
Department.
Mechanical Fee Fees paid for Php 60.00 per Annually Php 660.00
machines and equipment
equipment used in the (Other
business. machine/equipm
ent used)
Occupancy Permit This signifies that a Php 150.00 Annually Php 150.00
building surveyor is
satisfied that the
completed building
work is suitable for
occupation. The
Building Act 1993
requires the issue of
occupancy permit
prior to occupation of
a building where a
building permit states
that one is required.

Page | 88
 Appendix K
List of Inventories

INVENTORY BRAND PRICE SPECIFICATIONS

Bond Paper – Short Hard Copy P 185.25 500 sheets

8.5 x 11 inches
70 gsm
Substance 20
Bond Paper – Long Hard Copy P 218 500 sheets
8.5 x 13 inches
70 gsm
Substance 20
Bond Paper – A4 Dunia Mas P 223.25 500 sheets
216 x 279 mm
70 gsm
Bond Paper – A5 Paper One P 170 500 sheets
148 x 210 mm
70 gsm
Photopaper - P 45 20 sheets
217 x 279 mm (A4 size)
Page | 89
 180 gsm
Waterproof Glossy Paper
PVC I.D. Card - P 400 100 pcs
Size: 85.8 x 54 mm
Thickness : 0.76 mm
Thermal ID card
Card Stock Paper Claymates P 170 50 sheets
A4 size
250 gsm
Toner Samsung P 1 850 2000 pages yield
Refill Ink Canon Pixma P1320 1850 pages yield
Set of Four
(Magenta, Black, Yellow,
Cyan)
Black Ink RISO Ink Master P 330 2000 mL
40,000 pages yield
Thermal Binding Glue - P 85 1 meter
Strips In solid form
Binding Combs Office man P 36/ pc 1 3/4’ wire size (45 mm)
Capacity of 420 sheets
Binding Combs Office man P 11.50/pc 5/8 wire size (16mm)
Capacity of 150 sheets
PVC Binding Covers Copier P 550 100 pcs
250 gsm
8.5 in x 11 in
PVC Binding Covers Copier P 600 100 pcs
250 gsm
8.5 in x 13 in

ID Card Ribbon Hiti P 1 198 400 prints

Page | 90
 Appendix L
List of Property, Plant and Equipment

ITEM PICTURE DESCRIPTION PRICE SOURCE

EQUIPMENT

Page | 91
 Processor: INTEL MJR Computers
CORE i3-7100
and Laptop
Motherboard:
H110M DDR4 Board Specialist Perez
AOC Memory: 4GB
Boulevard,
INTEL Core i3- DDR4 memory
Hard Drive: 500GB Dagupan City,
7100 SATA
Php 19,950.00 Pangasinan
Monitor: 15.6” LED
ODD: DVDRW
Case: ATX BLACK
CASING
Headset: Extrom
2 pieces Headset, Keyboard,
Mouse, AVR

Processor: INTEL MJR Computers

CORE i5-7400
and Laptop
Motherboard:
H110M DDR4 Board Specialist Perez
Memory: 4GB
Boulevard,
DDR4 memory
AOC Hard Drive: 500GB Dagupan City,
INTEL Core i5- SATA
Pangasinan
Monitor: 15.6” LED
7400 ODD: DVDRW Php 23,400.00
Case: ATX BLACK
CASING
Headset: Extrom
1 piece Headset, Keyboard,
Mouse, AVR

Page | 92
 Max Resolution Xytrix System
Color: 9600 x 600
Corporation
dpi
Printing Speed:
SAMSUNG CLP 25ppm
2F Security
680ND Laser Media Type:
Envelopes, Bank Building
Printer transparencies, labels,
Php13,995.00 KM23 Taytay,
plain paper, bond
paper, recycled paper, Rizal
cotton paper, thick
paper, thin paper,
card stock, glossy (02) 669 1654
1 piece paper
Media Sizes: Legal,
3in x 5in, A4
Canon Pixma MX492 Savemoreonline
All-in-one printer
Taguig City,
with free 1 set refill
kit Metro Manila
Function: Print,
Contact No.:
CANON PIXMA Copy,Scan, Fax, Wi-
Fi, Auto Document
MX492 Feeder and
Inkjet Printer Borderless Printing
Speed: 8.8 images
per minute (black)
and 4.4 images per
minute (colored) Php 4,900.00
Resolution:
4800x1200 dpi
(colored) and
600x600 dpi (black).
Supports Borderless
Printing: Print
borderless photos up
2 pieces to legal size
Ink Cartridge
Compatibility: PG-
245XL Black and
CL-246XL Colored

Page | 93
 Print Technology: Mybenta.com
Dye Sublimation
Mandaluyong
Print Capability:
Edge-to-edge City
printing, one-sided/
Contact No.
dual-sided printing,
full color and 09778293838
CS-200e monochrome printing
(Globe),
Print Resolution:
PVC ID Printer
300dpi 09273034895
Memory: 32MB Php 59,999.00
(Globe) and
Input capacity:
100 cards Smart
(0.76mm/30mil)
09075527609
Output Capacity:
1 piece
50 cards (Smart)
(0.76mm/30mil)
Supported OS:
Windows 2000, XP,
Vista, Windows 7
(32/64-bit)
Printing Methods: Php 60,000.00 COPIERONLIN
RISO EZ 220 High-speed digital
E PHILIPPINES
master-making/ fully
Photocopy automatic stencil INC.
Machine printing
MAIN OFFICE:
Original Type:
Book (22lb/ 10 kg or No. 45 Kamias
less)sheet
Road,Brgy.
Scanning Area
2 pieces (max.): 11.69” x 17” Pinyahan,
Print Paper Size
Quezon City
(min. /max.):
3.93” x 5.84” to
12.18” x 17” Contact Nos. :
Paper Supply
Capacity: 1000 (02) 927-5892 to
sheets in freed tray 93
and receive tray, 17
lb bond (64 GSM) Globe:
Resolution: 09178399948
Scanning & Printing:
300 x 300 dpi Sun:
Print speed: Approx. 09228591492
60 to 130 pages per
minute (five steps Smart:
Page | 94
 variable) 09088744547
Email:
Inquiry@copiero
nlineph.com
Paper size: A4 Photolock Ph
Punch Holes: none (supplier /
Type: Hot Melt Glue
distributor of
Machine/Thermal
Binding Machine printing
QUAFF Thermal Binding Capacity: machines and
Book Binding 200 sheets
Php 3,500.00 consumables)
Binding Capacity
Machine T350
with Special Folder: Metro Manila
20-30 sheets Contact no.:
1 piece
09090326394

Paper size: A4/A5 National Book

Max Binding Store
Capacity: 12 sheets
CBD118 Comb
PVC Cover
Binding Machine 2 sheets of 230g
Php 3,950.00
Punch Holes: 21
Fixed
1 piece
Hole Size: 3 x 8mm
Unit Size: 38.8 x
26.0 x 16.0mm
Paper Cutter A wooden paper Php 895.00 29 AB
cutter with a size of Fernandez Ave,
12’ by 10.’’ Downtown
1 piece District,
Dagupan, 2400
Pangasinan

Page | 95
 FURNITURES AND FIXTURES
The wooden table is a Costless
piece of furniture with a
Furniture
flat top supported by
two legs. This table will Megastore
Table be used as a table for
Tapuac
printer (and computer) Php 1,250.00
for printing. District,
Dagupan,
1 piece
2400
Pangasinan
The monoblock is color CSI Lucao
white, plastic light
Lucao
weight chair.
District,
Monoblock Chair Dagupan,
Php 156.00 2400
10 pieces Pangasinan

It is an Asahi color Magic

white ceiling fan.
Appliance
Ceiling Fan Center
Php 1,719.00
Dagupan
2 pieces City,
Pangasinan

Page | 96
Page | 97
 Appendix M

Bases for Salary Expense and Salary Allowance

Page | 98
 Appemdix N
Bases for SSS and Philhealth Contribution

Page | 99
 Appendix O
Notes to Financial Statements

INCOME STATEMENT
SALES

FREQUENCY PER SERVICE

STUDENTS
3-5
3-5
Dail time Weekl Monthl Weighted
PRINTING times a Yearly
y sa y y Average
SERVICES year
week
On a monthly basis
Printing 14.6666666
Documents 24 16 4 0 0 0 7
14.6666666
Photocopy 24 16 4 0 0 0 7
14.6666666
Encoding 24 16 4 0 0 0 7
Photo Develop 24 16 4 1 0 0 11.25
0.33333 0.47222222
Bookbind 0 0 0 1 3 0.0833 2
0.33333 0.47222222
Ringbind 0 0 0 1 3 0.0833 2
TEACHERS
3-5
Dail Weighted
times a Weekly Monthly Yearly
PRINTING SERVICES y Average
week
On a monthly basis
Printing Documents 0 16 4 0 0 10.00
Photocopy 0 16 4 0 0 10.00
Encoding 24 16 4 0 0 14.67
Photo Develop 0 0 0 1 0 1.00
Bookbind 0 0 0 0 0.0833 0.08
Ringbind 0 0 0 0 0.0833 0.08

POPULATIO MARKET MARGIN

YES CUSTOMERS
  N SHARE OF ERROR
0 599.
Students 7944 0.795 .10 0.05 971
0 12.
Teachers 300 0.451 .10 0.05 854

STUDENTS
PRINTING CUSTOME PROBABILI FREQUEN AVE. MONTHLY YEARLY
SERVICES RS TY PER CY PER SPENDING SALES SALES

Page | 100
 PER
SERVICE SERVICE
SERVICE
Printing
599.9706 0.23 14.66667 ₱35.83 ₱ 71,277.06 ₱ 855,324.73
Documents
43,63 523,569
599.9706
Photocopy 0.25 14.66667 20.12 0.82 .80
40,07 480,944
599.9706
Encoding 0.15 14.66667 31.06 8.73 .75
46,69 560,307
599.9706
Photo Develop 0.21 11.25 33.3 2.31 .78
6,42 77,062
599.9706
Bookbind 0.11 0.472222 202.35 1.86 .28
2,72 32,666
599.9706
Ringbind 0.06 0.47 158 2.23 .75
Total Sales from Students ₱ 210,823.01 ₱ 2,529,876.09

TEACHERS
AVE.
PROBABILI FREQUEN
PRINTING CUSTOME SPENDING MONTHLY YEARLY
TY PER CY PER
SERVICES RS PER SALES SALES
SERVICE SERVICE
SERVICE
Printing ₱ ₱
12.85
Documents 0.33 10 ₱43.77 1,859.43 22,313.20
2,8 34,339
12.85
Photocopy 0.30 10 75.06 61.65 .76
9 11,052
12.85
Encoding 0.09 14.66667 52.41 21.04 .46
1 1,407
12.85
Photo Develop 0.14 1 63.32 17.25 .05
207
12.85
Bookbind 0.09 0.08 180.05 17.26 .11
107
12.85
Ringbind 0.04 0.08 205.5 8.95 .45
Total Sales from Teachers ₱ 5,785.59 ₱ 69,427.02

STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

MONTHLY
PRINTING SERVICES YEARLY SALES
SALES
₱ ₱
Printing Documents 73,136.49 877,637.93
46,492.4 557,909.5
Photocopy 6 6
40,999.7 491,997.2
Encoding 7 2
46,809.5 561,714.8
Photo Develop 7 3
6,439.1 77,269.3
Bookbind 2 8
2,731.1 32,774.2
Ringbind 8 0
Total Sales from Students and Teachers ₱ 216,608.59 ₱ 2,599,303.12

Page | 101
 SCHOOLS
Identification Cards
QUANTIT SELLING PROBABILIT
SCHOOL Y PRICE Y SALES
₱
Mangaldan National High School 1600 ₱ 85.00 0.5 68,000.00
85.0 42,500.0
Metro Dagupan College 1000 0 0.5 0
₱
Total Sales from School 110,500.00
TOTAL ₱ 2,709,803.12

COST OF GOODS SOLD

SUMMARY
MONTHL
PRINTING SERVICES Y YEARLY
Printing Document                 ₱ 24,206.94 ₱ 290,483.29
349,97
Photocopy                 29,164.72 6.67
53,77
Bookbind                 4,481.59 9.08
19,02
Ringbind                 1,585.50 5.96
145,995.
Photodevelop                 12,166.28 40
PVC Identification Cards (Only applied in 10,29
June)             10,296.00 6.00
TOTAL                 ₱ 81,901.03 ₱ 869,556.40

ADVERTISING EXPENSE

ITEM QUANTITY COST PER ITEM EXPENSE

January
Foldable Fan 100 ₱ 12.00 ₱ 1,200.00
Flyers 54 1 54.00
Photocopy of Flyers 100 0.32 32.00
Calling Cards 50 0.32 16.00
Tarpaulin 25 72 1,800.00
  3,102.00
December
Calendar 25 60 1,500.00
Coin Purse 100 20 2,000.00
  3,500.00
TOTAL ₱ 6,602.00

Page | 102
 DEPRECIATION EXPENSE

USEFUL DEPRECIATIO
PPE QTY PRICE MONTHLY ANNUAL
LIFE N EXPENSE
₱
Lease Hold Improvement   5
5,750.00 ₱ 95.83 ₱ 95.83 ₱ 1,150.00
Equipment:
AOC Intel Core i3-7100 2 19,950.00 10 166.25 332.50 3,990.00
AOC Intel Core i5-7400 1 23,400.00 10 195.00 195.00 2,340.00
Laser Printer - Samsung CLP
680ND 1 13,995.00 7 166.61 166.61 1,999.29
Inkjet Printer - Canon Pixma
MX492 2 4,900.00 1 408.33 816.67 9,800.00
CS-200e PVC ID Printer 1 59,999.00 5 999.98 999.98 11,999.80
Riso EZ220 Photocopying Machine 2 60,000.00 5 1,000.00 2,000.00 24,000.00
QUAFF Thermal Book Binding
Machine T350 1 3,500.00 10 29.17 29.17 350.00
CBD118 Com Binding Machine 1 3,950.00 10 32.92 32.92 395.00
Paper Cutter 1 895.00 20 3.73 3.73 44.75
Store Fixtures:
Table 1 1,250.00 15 6.94 6.94 83.33
Monoblock Chair 10 156.00 15 0.87 8.67 104.00
Ceiling Fan 2 1,719.00 10 14.33 28.65 343.80
TOTAL ₱ 4,716.66 ₱ 56,599.97

REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSE

COST
SEMI-ANNUAL YEARLY
EQUIPMENT QTY PRICE TOTAL OF
EXPENSE EXPENSE
REPAIR

₱
AOC Intel Core i3-7100 2 ₱ 19,950.00 ₱ 39,900.00 2% 399.00 ₱ 798.00
23,400.0
AOC Intel Core i5-7400 1 0 23,400.00 2% 234.00 468.00
Laser Printer - Samsung CLP 13,995.0
680ND 1 0 13,995.00 2% 139.95 279.90
Inkjet Printer - Canon Pixma 4,900.0
MX492 2 0 9,800.00 2% 98.00 196.00
59,999.0
CS-200e PVC ID Printer 1 0 59,999.00 2% 599.99 1,199.98
60,000.0
Riso EZ220 Photocopying Machine 2 0 120,000.00 2% 1,200.00 2,400.00

Page | 103
QUAFF Thermal Book Binding 3,500.0
Machine T350 1 0 3,500.00 2% 35.00 70.00
3,950.0
Ring Binder 1 0 3,950.00 2% 39.50 79.00
895.0
Paper Cutter 1 0 895.00 2% 8.95 17.90
TOTAL ₱ 2,754.39 ₱ 5,508.78

SUPPLIES EXPENSE

OFFICE SUPPLIES PRICE QUANTITY YEARLY EXPENSE

Stapler wire ₱ 49.50 3 ₱ 148.50
Ballpen 5.5 16 88.00
Paper (Pad) 5.5 6 33.00
Record Book 53 1 53.00
Short Envelope 1.99 60 119.40
Short Folder 5 60 300.00
Rubber Band 1.845 60 110.70
Paper Clip 0.25 60 15.00
Fastener 1.05 60 63.00
Stapler 135.5 3 406.50
Puncher 379.75 2 759.50
Calculator 399.75 2 799.50
Mop 499 1 499.00
Broom 200 1 200.00
Dustpan 150 1 150.00
Screen Wipes 60 2 120.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,865.10

SALARIES EXPENSE

NO. OF DAILY MONTHLY YEARLY

POSITION SALARY
EMPLOYEES SALARY SALARY SALARY
Operator 4 ₱ 256.00 ₱ 1,024.00 ₱ 24,576.00 ₱ 319,488.00
Encoder 2 256.00 512.00 12,288.00 159,744.00
Freelancer
Photographer 1 1600.00 1,600.00   6,400.00
TOTAL ₱ 36,864.00 ₱ 485,632.00

SSS, PHILHEALTH AND PAGIBIG EXPENSE

Employer Share
SSS

Page | 104
 NO.OF
POSITIONS SSS Contribution Monthly Yearly
EMPLOYEES
Operator 4 ₱ 490.00 ₱ 1,960.00 ₱ 23,520.00
Encoder 2 490.00 980.00 11,760.00
Total ₱ 2,940.00 ₱ 35,280.00
PHILHEALTH
NO.OF
POSITIONS Philhealth Contribution Monthly Yearly
EMPLOYEES
Operator 4 ₱ 137.50 ₱ 550.00 ₱ 6,600.00
Encoder 2 137.50 275.00 3,300.00
Total ₱ 825.00 ₱ 9,900.00
PAGIBIG
NO.OF
POSITIONS Pag-ibig Contribution Monthly Yearly
EMPLOYEES
Operator 4 ₱ 100.00 ₱ 400.00 ₱ 4,800.00
Encoder 2 100.00 200.00 2,400.00
Total ₱ 600.00 ₱ 7,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 4,365.00 ₱ 52,380.00

RENT EXPENSE

MONTHLY YEARLY

₱ 9,000.00 ₱ 108,000.00

Page | 105
 PERMITS AND LICENSES

LICENSES
YEARLY EXPENSE
Securities and Exchange Commission ₱ 2,000.00
Barangay Clearance 150.00
Mayor's Permit 1500.00
Sanitary Permit 150.00
Bureau of Internal Revenue 500.00
Fire Safety Inspection Certificate 505.00
Mechanical Fee 660.00
Occupancy Permit 150.00
TOTAL ₱ 5,615.00

UTILITIES EXPENSE

  MONTHLY YEARLY
Electricity ₱ 5,000.00 ₱ 60,000.00
Telecommunications 1299.00 15,588.00
TOTAL ₱ 6,299.00 ₱ 75,588.00

STATEMENT OF PARTNERS’ EQUITY

SALARY ALLOWANCE

WORKING HOURS SALARY PER MONTHLY YEARLY

POSITION
PER WEEK HOUR SALARY SALARY
General Manager 12 ₱ 137.00 ₱ 6,576.00 ₱ 78,912.00
Operations Manager 12 147.00 7,056.00 84,672.00
Layout Artist
Manager 48 61.30 11,769.60 141,235.20
Bookkeeper 3 64.40 772.80 9,273.60
Marketing Manager 3 197.00 1,182.00 14,184.00
TOTAL ₱ 328,276.80

Page | 106
BALANCE SHEET

MERCHANDISE INVENTORY

QUANTITY NUMBER OF
INVENTORY PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL
PER PACK PAGES (Month)
Bond Paper - Short ₱ 185.25 ₱ 500.00 67,292.66 135 ₱ 24,931.93
Bond Paper - Long 218.00 500.00 19,982.85 40 8,712.52
Bond Paper - A4 223.25 500.00 11,602.94 23 5,180.71
Bond Paper - A5 170.00 500.00 11,648.38 23 3,960.45
Photo Paper 45.00 20.00 4,023.48 201 9,052.82
PVC ID Card 400.00 100.00 2,600.00 26 10,400.00
Card Stock Paper 170.00 50.00 42.36 0.85 144.03
Toner 1,850.00 2,000.00 13,660.49 7 12,635.95
Refill Ink 1,320.00 1,850.00 16,662.69 9 11,889.05
Black Ink 330.00 40,000.00 86,775.62 2 715.90
Thermal Binding Glue
Strips 85.00 1.00   1 85.00
Binding Combs (Per piece) 36.00 420.00 1,069.88 3 91.70
Binding Combs (Per piece) 11.50 150.00 751.20 5 57.59
PVC Binding Covers 550.00 100.00 4.71 0.05 25.91
PVC Binding Covers 600.00 100.00 2.84 0.03 17.06
ID Card Ribbon 1,198.00 400.00 2,600.00 6.50 7,787.00
TOTAL ₱ 95,687.64

SUPPLIES

OFFICE SUPPLIES PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL

Stapler wire ₱ 49.50 1 ₱ 49.50
Ballpen 5.50 2 11.00
Paper (Pad) 5.50 1 5.50
Record Book 53.00 1 53.00
Short Envelope 1.99 5 9.95
Short Folder 5.00 5 25.00
Rubber Band 1.85 5 9.23
Paper Clip 0.25 5 1.25
Fastener 1.05 5 5.25
TOTAL ₱ 169.68

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Page | 107
 PPE QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

Lease Hold Improvement     ₱ 5,750.00

Equipment:      
AOC Intel Core i3-7100 2 ₱ 19,950.00 39,900.00
AOC Intel Core i5-7400 1 23,400.00 23,400.00
Laser Printer - Samsung CLP 680ND 1 13,995.00 13,995.00
Inkjet Printer - Canon Pixma MX492 2 4,900.00 9,800.00
CS-200e PVC ID Printer 1 59,999.00 59,999.00
Riso EZ220 Photocopying Machine 2 60,000.00 120,000.00
QUAFF Thermal Book Binding Machine T350 1 3,500.00 3,500.00
CBD118 Comb Binding Machine 1 3,950.00 3,950.00
Paper Cutter 1 895.00 895.00
Store Fixtures:      
Table 1 1,250.00 1,250.00
Monoblock Chair 10 156.00 1,560.00
Ceiling Fan 2 1,719.00 3,438.00
TOTAL ₱ 287,437.00

Page | 108
 SSS, PHILHEALTH AND PAG-IBIG PAYABLE
Employer Share
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 452.00 ₱ 1,808.00
Encoder 2 452.00 904.00
Total ₱ 904.00 ₱ 2,712.00
PHILHEALTH
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 137.50 ₱ 550.00
Encoder 2 137.50 275.00
Total ₱ 275.00 ₱ 825.00
PAG-IBIG
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 100.00 ₱ 400.00
Encoder 2 100.00 200.00
Total ₱ 200.00 ₱ 600.00
Total Employer Share ₱ 4,137.00
Employee Share
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 218.00 ₱ 872.00
Encoder 2 218.00 436.00
Total ₱ 436.00 ₱ 1,308.00
PHILHEALTH
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 137.50 ₱ 550.00
Encoder 2 137.50 275.00
Total ₱ 275.00 ₱ 825.00
PAGIBIG
POSITIONS NO. OF EMPLOYEES Contribution Payable
Operator 4 ₱ 100.00 ₱ 400.00
Encoder 2 100.00 200.00
Total ₱ 200.00 ₱ 600.00
Total Employee Share ₱ 2,733.00
TOTAL ₱ 6,870.00

Page | 109
 Appendix P
Transcript of the Researchers with Mr. Michael Angelo Aquino
(Metro Dagupan College)

Interviewer: Good Afternoon po.

Interviewee: Hmm..
Interviewer: Sir, nagpapayearbook po ba kayo dito?
Interviewee: Yes, meron kaming yearbook.

Page | 110
Interviewer: Sa ano po… Parang sa isang taon po ilan po yung average po na pinapayearbook
niyo po or pinapaprint niyo pong yearbook?
Interviewee: What do you mean? Ilang copies ba?
Interviewer: Opo, ganoon po. Ilang copies po?
Interviewee: Depende kasi yun sa number of graduates sa amin per academic school year. So,
nag va-vary yun kung ilan ang current graduating students. So… Hindi siya pare-pareho. So,
hindi kita mabibigyan ng exact digit. Pero, gaya nga ng sabi ko nakadepende siya sa number of
students na gragraduate for the current school year.
Interviewer: Nung last year po ba sir umabot po ba Sir ng one thousand?
Interviewee: Ay, hindi naman. Hundreds lang.
Interviewer: Ano po sir… Meron po ba kayong sariling printer na nagpriprint or pinapaprint
niyo po sa iba?
Interviewee: Ah… pinapaprint namin sa labas. Since ang yearbook kasi parang book na rin. So,
para makaless kami ng cost sa labas na lang kami nagpapaprint. Printing press.
Interviewer: Saan po kayo nagpapaprint?
Interviewee: Sa Alpha.
Interviewer: Saan po yun?
Interviewee: Sa Guilig. Papuntang Malued.
Interviewer: Ahhh.
Interviewee: Sa may Dagupan.
Interviewer: Ay Dagupan po. Ano po… Regular na po ba kayong nagpapaprint doon?
Interviewee: Yes, oo. Regular kami doon sa Alpha.
Interviewer: Yung photographer niyo po Sir, sarili din po or doon po?
Interviewee: Meron kaming ano, meron kaming third party photographer. Si… ano nang
pangalan non? Si Green Apple ba yun? Green Apple.
Interviewer: Hmm. Tas nakikipagwork na po siya dun sa may Guilig sa may Alpha po?
Interviewee: No, hindi. Kasi kami yung nagle-layout nung yearbook. So, after taking nung
pictures binabalik sa amin yung raw file, and then kami yung magle-layout.
Interviewer: Tas ipapadala niyo po doon?
Interviewee: Hmm hmm. Pinapadala namin sa Alpha ready to ano na siya, printing.

Page | 111
Interviewer: Sir, paano po kapag may bagong business, printing business po na magpapatayo
tapos mago-offer po sa inyo na magpaprint ng yearbook. Willing po ba kayo i-accept yung offer?
Interviewee: Ahh, depende sa magiging ano… sa magiging competitiveness niya, kung mas
mababa siya, then siyempre kailangang subukan. May sample printout siya and then pwede
siguro since nago-offer siya hingian namin siya ng sample output ng kung anong ipapaprint
namin. Halimbawa, magpapagawa kami ng yearbook bibigyan namin siya ng ready for printing
na yearbook, ifa-facilitate niya yung printing nun and titignan namin kung okay ba siya
compared dun sa existing namin.
Interviewer: Sir, ano naman po yung ano po… parang ideal package niyo po kung sakali.
Interviewee: Ideal package… printing tska bookbinding na. So, ready for distribution. Oo yun.
Interviewer: Sa price naman po. Ano po yung price range na gusto niyo?
Interviewee: Ahh…yung price kasi hindi ko alam kung ano yung current price namin doon sa
existing printing press namin. So, hindi kita masasagot regarding doon sa price range. Kasi yung
nakakaalam lang nun is yung supplier officer namin tsaka yung accounting. Hindi naming alam
yung cost per ano per book.
Interviewer: So Sir, sa ano po I.D po.
Interviewee: Sa I.D… Ahh meron na rin kaming ano supplier. Pero, we are planning to take on
ano self-printing. Kasi medyo matagal yung turnover sa amin nung mga finished I.D’s.
Nagrereklamo yung mga students. So, we’re planning to purchase our own printing machine.
Interviewer: Saan po ba kayo nagpapaano Sir? Ng I.D.
Interviewee: Ahhh doon rink ay Green Apple.
Interviewer: Ah, sa Green Apple po. So, parang doon po…
Interviewee: Nakapackage kasi kami doon. So, photo and printing.
Intervewier: Ahhh.
Interviewee: Ng I.D.
Interviewer: Magkano naman po doon?
Interviewee: Yun, hindi ko rin masasagot yun.
Interviewer: Yung ano po, yung ginagamit niyo pong I.D… PVC po o yung…
Interviewee: Yes, PVC. Magseself-printing na lang kami kasi matagal yung ano yung turnover
sa amin. So, minsan inaabot ng… tapos minsan marami kasing bumbalik. Mali yung pangalan,
yung course na nailagay. So… hassle yun kasi pag yun binalikan, babalik ulit naming sakanila.
Page | 112
Edi tatagal ulit lalo yung turnover. So, we’re planning on having our own machine and print it in
house.
Interviewer: Pero po kung sakali po nag anon po ulit Sir na meron pong bagong printing
business tapos oferran po kayo ng…
Interviewee: Syempre kailangan tignan yung capability tsaka yung difference in terms of price
and quality nung product.
Interviewer: Ano po ba yung… population po ng students po dito?
Interviewee: Ano, uhh it’s indisclosable. So, hindi ko siya pwedeng i-disclose sa inyo. Hehe
Interviewer: Hehe. Sige po, Thank you po Sir!

Appendix Q
Transcript of the Researchers with Louise Ian De Los Reyes Aquino
(Metro Dagupan College)

Interviewer: Good Afternoon po. Nag a-avail po ba kayo ng I.D printing service?
Interviewee: We have uhm… we outsource the printing of out IDs.
Interviewer: Hindi pa po?
Page | 113
Interviewee: Yah.
Interviewer: So, if ever po na may mago-offer po sa inyo ng printing service po, will you accept
it?
Interviewee: Actually may nago-offer na sa amin and they are also offering the machine itself.
So, dalawang klase, the machine itself we’re opting to buy or we can have them as printing
service lang. Parang nirerentahan lang namin yung kanilang printing machine.
Interviewer: So, this year po ano pong nangyari?
Interviewee: For last year, hindi kasi ako yung naghandle. Somebody else was handling it but
uhm parang may konontact lang siyang person tapos siya na ang bahala sa lahat. And then he just
delivers it out. Ang problema namin with that is ang tagal. Super tagal, parang hanggang ngayon
meron pang undelivered IDs. Until now and it is already second semester are ending na diba? So
until now, wala pa rin…hindi pa rin naidedeliver yung ibang IDs. So, yun yung isang issue
namin with that.
Interviewer: Magkano po yung parang ranging price po ng budget ninyo para sa ID po?
Interviewee: I believe it’s Php 75- Php 100.
Interviewer: PVC po ba or laminated?
Interviewee: PVC.
Interviewer: Ilan po yung average po ng quantity every year.
Interviewee: Kasi kapag nagpapagawa dito damay lahat ng mga schools namin including… kasi
we have Golden Angels, yung elementary level namin. Golden Angel ng San Jacinto. So all of
this levels from pre-school hanggang graduate school, dito lahat. So, nasa aroun 1000 every year.
Interviewer: Kasama na po ba… kasama na po sa 75 000?
Interviewee: What do you mean 75 000?
Interviewer: Yung 75 to 100 po.
Interviewee: Ah oo.
Interviewer: In terms naman po sa yearbook.
Interviewee: Usually in house ang production niya, in terms of printing. Kasi last na nagpaprint
kami was like 2002. Hindi na kami nagpaprint ulit.
Interviewer: So, kayo na rin po..
Interviewee: Kami na nagdedesign tapos pinapapaprint namin sa labas, pinapa job out namin.
Kaso matagal na yun, 2002 pa yata yung last release.
Page | 114
Interviewer: So, last year po…
Interviewee: Hindi kami nag-release, yes. Kasi very minimal lang sila kung magpapagawa sila.
Parang ganito kanipis lang. So what we usually do is to compile all the years para makapal na
yearbook siya.
Interviewer: If ever po na magpapayearbook po kayo, ano po yung ranging budget ninyo?
Interviewee: Budget… hindi ko masasagot kasi wala akong masyadong information about that.
Like I said, it’s been a long since it was last printed. Hindi ko na rin alam kung magkano ang
printing ngayon for yearbook. Depende rin kasi siya sa type ng papel, ng binding niya ganon. So,
hindi ko masasagot. Okay lang ba?
Interviewer: Yes po.
Interviewee: Sure kayo na wala na kayong itatanong?
Interviewee: Yes po, thank you po

Appendix R
Transcript of the Researchers with Mr. Leo Blaquir
(Mangaldan National High School)

Interviewer: Pag sa isang taon po ba ilang events po ba yung….

Page | 115
Interviewee: ah wala kasi first time pa lang magkaroon ng events ang school. So ang
nacoconduct pa lang na event ay dalawa pa lang so dalawang beses.
Interviewee: sa isang event po nung two events po kayo nag held sa isang event po ilang
tarpaulin po yung pinaprint nyo
Interviewee: isa lang, para sa stage lang
Interviewer: para sa stage lang po?
Interviewee: oo
Interviewer: anong size po?
Interviewee: 6 by 8
Interviewer: pag nag papaprint po kayo ng tarpaulin po may sariling printer o nag papaprint po
kayo?
Interviewee: sa labas
Interviewer: saan po? Anong printing shop po?
Interviewee: aahhh minsan pics and prints minsan jonhill
Interviewer: sa I.D. naman po mayroon po bang….
Interviewee: meron
Interviewer: sariling machine po?
Interviewee: ay hindi, walang sariling machine. Pinapaprint sa labas
Interviewer: ano po may kontrata po or naghahanap lang po?
Interviewee: may contract
Interviewer: sa pics and prints po?
Interviewee: ay hindi, hindi ko alam kung anong pangalan, sa school ang nakakaalam
Interviewer: ay labas po ng mangaldan
Interviewee: oo
Interviewer: Then sa yearbook din po
Interviewee: wala, wala pa, wala pa.
Interviewer: sa labas din po ng mangaldan
Interviewee: wala pang yearbook
Interviewer: ay hindi po kayo nag yeyearbook?
Interviewee: hindi pa
Interviewer: every year?
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Interviewee: hindi pa.
Interviewer: pag sa mga graduation packages po
Interviewee: ano yun?
Interviewer: pag may graduation po ba may sariling po ba kayong photographer?
Interviewee: kumukuha din sa labas. Yung iba taga rito sa school. Yun lang?
Interviewer: Thank you po
Interviewer: if ever po na may nagpatayo po ng bagong printing shop then nakipag negotiate sa
inyo na sila para sa contract ng I.D., papaya niyo po sila?
Interviewee: depende
Interviewer: depende po sa?... sa service?
Interviewee: sa offer… oo sa service
Interviewer: Thank you po
Interviewee: oh sige.

Appendix S
Transcript of the Researchers with Mr. Harold De Vera
(Mangaldan National High School)

Page | 117
Interviewer: Good Afternoon po. We are from Kingfisher School of Business and Finance at
mag-iinterview po sana kami about po sa pagpapagawa niyo po ng I.D. Ano po, yun Yupo,
pagdating po sa I.D nag a-avail po ba kayo ng printing services sa labas?
Interviewee: Yung sa I.D kasi pag maramihan papagawa, syempre yung grade seven, mga
magre-grade seven gagawahan ng I.D yun. So, yung ginagawa ng school, kumukuha na lang sa
labas. Halimbawa, mga magmula grade seven to grade twelve yun yung inaaccommodate ko.
Interviewer: Bale yearly po yun? Yung paggawa po ng I.D.
Interviewee: Hindi, yung mga upcoming lang. Halimbawa is, yung mga grade seven ngayon.
Yung grade seven diba may bagong, yung I.D nila ngayon bago pa. Gagamitin pa nila sa grade
eight. Sa Senior High naman, syempre grade ten, iba na yung suot sa grade eleven sa grade
twelve. So, kung nagka I.D sila ng grade eleven hanggang grade twelve na yun.
Inteviewer: Kukuha po ulit kayo sa…
Interviewee: Hmmm.
Interviewer: Madalas ilan po ang quantity? Umaabot pa po ba sa one thousand?
Interviewee: Yung?
Interviewer: Sa grade seven po. Yung I.Ds niyo po.
Interviewee: Depende sa kwan, depende sa population na, population na itong coming
enrolment.
Interviewer: Yes po, then yung…
Interviewee: Pero lahat yun na, magmula first section hanggang sa dulo.
Interviewer: Yes po. Ano po, ano po yung ano parang ranging po ng budget ninyo na
inaallocate para sa I.D?
Interviewee: Hindi, kasi yung sa budget. Hindi naman kaagad eh, may bidding bidding pa yan.
Interviewer: Ahh, may bidding bidding pa.
Interviewee: Kung sino pinakamababa, ayun. Oh halimbawa, sa I.D, Php25 per I.D.
Interviewer: This year po, ilan po yung nabid ng naka-avail sa inyo?
Interviwee: Yung?
Interviewer: Yung print, yung I.D po.
Interviewee: Yung sa price, hindi ko pa alam. Kasi hindi pa napag-usapan sa pricing range.
Interviewer: Saan po kayo magpapaprint this year po?

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Interviewee: Sa labas lang. Sa third party. Pigaramay population tayo diad grade seven? 1, 653
mahigit. Ang dami noh?
Interviewer: Pero umaabot po yung bidding ng Php 20 or hindi po?
Interviewee: Depende yun, hindi ko kabisado yung sa pricing. Pero, walang, walang one
hundred yun.
Interviewer: Yung sa yearbook naman po, nagpapayearbook po ba ang school?
Interviewee: Hmm. Diba may yearbook din noh. Di, depende yun kung sa meeting eh mapag-
usapan nila yun. Pero, diba last year meron yata? Sa grade 12 lang yun. Yung grade 12 meron
yata last year. Depende yun, kasi bago naman ipapagawa yun imimeet pa yung mga parents kung
mag aagree sila kung gusto nila magpayearbook, kaya bukas siguro may meeting para mapag-
usapan sa graduation. Kasi marami ring gamit ang yearbook. Bakit kamo? Kung nawala yung…
halimbawa, diploma mo, kung kailangan mong patunayan, ipapakita mo yung yearbook na
naggraduate ka.
Interviewer: Magkano po yung last year po na yearbook?
Interviewee: Hindi ko kabisado yung pricing kasi pictorial lang yata yun. Tapos yung sa grade
twelve. Hindi naman siguro kamahalan yun kasi public.
Interviewer: Sige po, thank you po.
Interviewee: Kwan lang naman yun, kung sinong gusto umorder. Halimbawa, gragraduate ka,
gusto mo magpayearbook. Magbabayad ka, magpapalista. Pero syempre kailangan may imeet na
quantity. Hindi naman pwede na ikaw lang magpagawa.
Interviewer: Sige po, thank you po ulit.

Appendix T
Transcript of the Researchers with Sir Melvin Callanta
(Mangaldan National High School)
Page | 119
Interviewee: Ah sige.
Interviewer: Yun po, yung sa I.D po. Nag a-avail po kayo ng printing service na I.D po?
Interviewee: Hmm hmm.
Interviewer: Saan po? Ay anong I.D po? PVC po ba or Lamination?
Interviewee: Ay ano lang siya eh parang rubber na ano. Hindi ko sure yung ano. Yung materials
siguro mas maganda. Yung sa supply officer, siya nakakaalam.
Interviewer: Ano po, saan po kayo nag a-avail? Ng I.D po.
Interviewee: Yung supplier taga Rosales.
Interviewer: Matagal niyo na po ba siyang supplier or ngayon lang po?
Interviewee: This year lang, this year.
Interviewer: Nagkakaroon din po ba ng bidding every year po.
Interviewee: Hindi siya bidding, kundi parang canvass. Kasi ah… yun lang naman kasi ang
amount para sa I.D. So, hindi na kailangan dumaan sa bidding, canvass na lang.
Interviewer: Ilan po yung maximum na budget? Or mga ranging price budget po na
nakaallocate?
Interviewee: Ahh. Hindii ko…Si principal or si supply officer na lang tanungin mo.
Interviewer: Yung… Alam niyo po ba kung this year kung ilan or magkano po yung I.D?
Interviewee: Siguro… mas mabuting tanungin niyo na lang si principal or supply officer para
makuha niyo yung data na kailngan niyo.
Interviewer: Pero sa yearbook po, nagpa yearbook po ba kayo last year?
Interviewee: Wala pa. I-try naming i-present bukas kung gusto nila. Last year, hindi kami
nagpayearbook kasi ahh yun, yung malaki yung gastos tsaka baka hindi makaya, hindi ma-
afford.
Interviewer: If ever po na ma-approve, ilan po yung sa tingin niyo po yung budget ng parents na
mag a-agree po sila?
Interviewee: Ilang?
Interviewer: Kung magkano po yung yearbook.
Interviewee: Ah, hindi ko alam. Kasi depende yun sa number ng pages, maraming factors. Kaya
hindi ko alam kung magkano ang ibibigay na price ng printing press.
Interviewer: Thank you po!

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 Appendix U
Transcript of the Researchers at Cyberfiesta

Interviewer: Unang tanong po namin is, kailan po kayo nagpu-purchase ng inventory po?
Buwan-buwan po ba? Or kung kalian nyo lang kailangan?
Interviewee: Usually, seasonal kasi ahm lalo na pag panahon ng i.d season like if the schools
start sa June diba. Ano, ahm ayun nagpu-purchase na kami at the month of even May kasi
syempre by June, ayan mag schedule na kami ng picture, pictorial then start na rin ng printing
ayun. Hindi naman buwan-buwan, yung kinakailangan lang lalo na sa demand. Sa demand nung
mga materials ayun.
Interviewer: Yung sa mga coupon po?
Interviewee: Yun talaga. Yung bilis ng turnover nung papers like coupon, yung mga ginagamit
dyan sa laser printing hindi lang buwan-buwan. Usually parang weekly.
Interviewer: So hindi po kayo kumukuha sa malayo pa po? Dito lang din po kayo kumukuha ng
supplies?
Interviewee: Depende. Kasi there are times na yung dito is wala kasi sa dami ng printing shops.
Minsan nauubusan sila kaya we are force to buy from other towns, from other suppliers like
Manila ganun.
Interviewer: Sa isang year po ma’am, ilan po yung parang average ng sales allowance niyo po?
Interviewee: Hindi din consistent.
Interviewer: Parang ano po yung kadalasan, or kahit yung last year po?
Interviewee: Last year, ahm hindi ko masabi e kasi iba-iba kasi. Ahm iba-iba yung walk-ins
tapos at the same time may mga projects ng mga businessman lalo na yung mga nagpapatayo ng
mga food chains, yung mga parks ayun, hindi consistent. Minsan maliit, minsan okay lang o
minsan weekly din ganun kaya hindi siya consistent.
Interviewer: Ano po yung parang minimum nalang po?
Interviewee: Average? Usually kasi yung sales namin dumedepende kami sa daily. Minsan
thousands ganun or minsan umaabot kami ng ahm. Kasi ang mahirap sa printing yung kleyente
mo, matagal sila magbayad kaya yung receivables is matagal. Minsan umaabot ng tatlong buwan
kaya ang talagang nabubuhay lang sa printing is yung mga walk-ins, yung mga nagpapaprint,
computer handouts, nagpapa-rush, i.d rush, projects lalo na dito katabi kami ng Univerity. Ang

Page | 121
talagang ano namin is Upang, atsaka yung mga students at the same time yung walk traffic kasi
katabi din namin ang Region I at nagpapaparint din sila. Kaya when it comes to sales, wala hindi
ko masabi ang average kasi iba-iba talaga sa mga sales iba-iba.
Interviewer: Na-try niyo na po ba yung parang nagset po kayo tapos binalik yung product niyo
or yung kunware po may damage po tapos pinabawasan po yung price?
Interviewee: Yes. Oo oo.
Interviewer: Sa isang year po ba, ilang percentage po ng sales niyo yung naapektuhan nung
returns and allowances po?
Interviewee: Ang ginagawa kasi namin since natuto na din kami, kasi syempre mass production
diba. Thousands ganun, hundreds yung piniprint namin. Kaya we make sure na before namin
piniprint, before mass production, we make sure na pinapa-approve pa namin yung lay-out kung
sakaling sa kanila galing yug lay-out, we assumed na na-correct na yun kasi sakanila galing.
Printing lang kami at kung sila ang nagkamali, irereview namin at sir/ma’am sainyo po galing
yung lay-out hindi po sa amin galing yung lay-out. Pero kung kami naman ang nag-lay out we
make sure na pinapa-approved namin, pero kung kami din ang nagkamali at hindi napa-approved
ng mga artists ko syempre in our own expense na. Syempre isho-shoulder ng encoder kumbaga
yung lay-out artist kasi alam naman niya kung gaano kamahal yung mga papers tapos yung
shipping pa, lahat, yung rent.
Interviewer: Nung sa first year po ng business dito, net po ba siya or loss po?
Interviewee: Actually, first years? Wala pa ako dito first year e. Kasi nag-start ako ng mga 2010,
nag-start ito nung ahm di ako familiar kung kailan nag-start e. Pero I started as marketing 2010.
Interviewer: Ilang years po yung mga printer niyo po? Yung mga ink jet printer ganun po, yung
useful life po.
Interviewee: Ink Jet? Madalas kami magpalit niyan kasi syempre yung head niya, nabubugbog.
Interviewer:Pinapalitan niyo po ng buo?
Interviewee: Oo oo. Kasi syempre kumbaga ang mga madalas na nagpapaprint diyan yung mga
nagrerent ng computer, yung mga gumagawa ng biodata nila, projects nila, thesis nila, research
nila. Madami tapos ano araw-araw talaga yan kaya araw-araw din kami nagre-refill ng ink kaya
yung pagpapalit ng ink jet is usually let’s say sabihin mo ng mga 3 times a year. Depende pa din
pero maximum na yang 3 times a year.
Interviewer: Yung laser printer naman po?
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Interviewee: Yung laser, actually medyo matipid yung laser kasi every now and then chinecheck
ng technician kaya naaagapan kapag nakikita mong may gasgas ganun, tinatawag na si
technician eh naaayos naman. Anything na kahit minimal lang, yan kasi si laser printer medyo
maselan tsaka solid ang printing niya diba. Yan usually ginagamit sa mga invitations, sa mga
stickers talagang solid. Yung mga ginagamit nila sa souvenir yan ang ginagamit kaya very
particular ang mga client kahit na kakapirangkot na error nakikita kaagad. Kaya yung pagpapalit
ng laser, siguro, actually kakapalit lang namin. It took more than 7 years ata bago kami nagpalit.
Hindi diba 2010, more than ano, siguro mag-10 years. Actually last year lang kami nagpalit.
Interviewer: Nagpi-print din po kayo ng documents o puro souvenirs lang po?
Interviewee: Oo, marami. Documents kagaya ng diploma, kagaya ng mga transcript ay hindi.
Transcript kasi from school e, usually diploma which is very crucial yun sa schools diba kasi
may nakasulat doon na government recognition nila. Basta yung parang ano, ahm, i.d ganun kasi
lalo na yung mga importanteng bagay lalo na kapag in-entrust sa amin ng mga schools. Ayun
very ano kami dun.
Interviewer: Eto rin po yung ginagamit niyo sa i.d po?
Interviewee: Yes, oo. Kaya kung makikita mo doon sa picture, picture diba lalo na yung mga
client sender, lalo na ngayon ang trend more on selfie ganun. Talagang very particular sila sa
mukha kaya makikita mo talaga yung difference ng laser print atsaka yung continuous ink.
Interviewer: Ano po yung basis niyo kung kailan gagamitin yung laser or ink jet sa costumer
po?
Interviewee: Depende sa kanila kung ano yung..
Interviewer: Sila po yung namimili?
Interviewee: Oo sila, sila.
Interviewer: Hindi naman po ba nalulugi? Nagagamit pa din po ba yung continuous ink po?
Interviewee: Continuous kasi more on ano yan, more on coupon bond ang gamit. More on
thesis, research, submission ng resume.
Interviewer: Sila din po ang namimili kung anong gagamitin?
Interviewee: Oo sila. Pero dyan sa laser, mga short run. Ginagamit yan sa mga maseselan talaga
kagaya ng invitation. Lalo na invitation sa kasal gusto syempre nung bride maganda ang mukha
hindi blurry, yung walang lines ayun. Diyan kasi makikita mo naman yung difference e, sa ink
jet medyo sabog, kalat, nag-iiba yung color pero dyan solid talaga kumbaga pulido. Sa ink jet,
Page | 123
makikita mo kapag you try to print a parchment paper sa ink jet ahm kalat I mean hindi siya
solid. Whereas diyan, talagang, kung ano yung gusto mong kulay yan namomodify nya.
Interviewer: Ang ginagamit pong paper, parchment paper po?
Interviewee: Hindi. Pwede ding coupon bond depende sa client. Yung wants ng clients. Yung
needs and wants ng clients.
Interviewer: Pero pag parehas lang po sila ng primedius, same lang din po yung price?
Interviewee: Ay hindi. Mas mahal yan kasi ang costing niya. Yung machine na yan (laser
priter), it cost a lot compare to that one. Kasi tignan mo, as you compare iisa yan (laser printer),
yung ink jet tatlo diba.
Interviewer: Ma’am sabi niyo po kanina, sa isang year po tatlong beses po kayong nagpapalit ng
ink jet printer po so malaki din po yung investment niyo po?
Interviewee: Hindi naman kasi bawi din e. Bawi kasi let’s say sabihin mo ng ahm kung tatlong
beses, yung ROI niyan mababawi mo na agad less than a year. Lalo na kapag dagsa yung mga
walk-ins lalo na at the end of the school year kasi diyan dagsaan diyan. Dagsaan ng mga
gumagawa ng thesis, research, ayun tapos dagsaan din ang ahm syempre kapag graduation.
Before graduation some of the graduating students, gumagawa na sila, nagpapapaprint na sila ng
bio data nila.
Interviewer: Ma’am nagpiprint din po ba kayo ng year book po?
Interviewee: Year book? Yes. Year book depende din naman, iba din naman yung machine nun
which is malaking machine. Familiar kayo dun? Yung ginagamit sa printing press? It will
accommodate a large amount of space. Ito, pang short run yan although yang year book depende
nanaman yan. Usually kasi pag offset sabihin na nating at least 100 copies yun. Sa isang copy
sometimes, ang paging nun ahm ang pages nun minsan 100 up. 100 pages up, ito kasi pag less
than 100 tapos ilang pages lang yan pwede yan. Mas makakatipid pag ang ginamit na off set
ahm. The more the value, the lesser the price kasi yung plate nun e. Eto kasi binabasa, kumbaga
once nag-run yan ahm automatic na may equivalent amout na. Kasi yung color niyan, laser kasi
e.
Interviewer: Ma’am diba sabi niyo po marketer po kayo? Paano po pag pumasok kami sa isang
printing business which is may mga printing business na din po doon nan a-established tapos
pupunta/magsisimula palang po kami. Ano po yung mga pwedeng magawa namin para mas ma-
attract po yung mga costumers po na naging loyal na sa iba?
Page | 124
Interviewee: You should know the services you offer. Kung may mga inquiries ahm yung lalo
na yung mga prospects mo, syempre bago ka sa location na yun diba. Tapos if you want na
makilala ka, you should introduce youself tapos kung ano yung mga tanong sayo ay alam mo
dapat. Familiar ka sa mga ino-offer mo sa kanila na kung pwede ahm mag-stand out ka na aralin
mo kung ano yung pu-pwedeng meron ka na wala sa kanila. Kung let’s say sabihin mo na sige
kaya ng iba, kaya ng ibang printing shops diba, dito. Lahat yan meron sila, yung ink jet, yung
laser print etc. Probably the best thing you can do is siguro yung ano ahm kasi depende din e.
Depende sa after sales mo, yung how you introduce yourself, kung ano yung ano ahm ahm.
Gawin mo yung sarili mo na iiba, lalo na ngayon. Let’s say sabihin mo sa washing machine diba
ang dami-daming brand. Kumbaga maging creative ka din dapat, kung ano yung features nung
washing machine na wala sa iba parang ganun.
Interviewer: If ever po na ahm, dun po kasi sa napili naming location wala pong nag-ooffer ng
laser printer. Magiging value preposition po ba namin yun if kami po yung first na na mag-offer
nung laser printer po?
Interviewee: Ano yun?
Interviewer: Doon po kasi sa Mangaldan wala pong laser printer, ngayon po kapag nag venture
po kami doon tapos gamit po namin is laser printer magiging advantage po ba namin yun?
Interviewee: Depende nanaman. Dapat aralin mo yung feasibility. Ano ba yung gusto, ano ba
yung needs and wants ng mga residence dun. Kung nakikita mong okay na sa kanila ang ink jet
at hindi naman masyado ang laser print, okay lang na hindi. Dapat aralin mo yung feasibility,
kagaya ng mga food chains diba. Before they put up a certain ano ahm, inaaral nila. Feasible ba
to? Kikita ba to dito? Yun dapat aralin niyo yun. 4 P’s yun e, number dun is yung place, place
ahm ah oo yun alam niyo yun basta I think 4 P’s yun e if I’m not mistaken. Pero ang number 1
diyan is location. Ang location mo, like for example pag remote area ka, remote area ka
maglalagay ka doon pero ang residence mo hindi naman masyadong familiar sa ino-offer mo eh
wala babagsak ka din diba.
Interviewer: Yung opinyon niyo lang po, kasi po yung location namin dun is malapit sa mga
schools tapos yung isang school is yung Mangaldan National High School, yung pinakamalaking
school po sa Region 1. Sa tingin niyo po ba magiging feasible pa din po ahm kung dun po yung
magiging location namin?
Interviewee: Ano yung i-ooffer mo dun sa location na yun?
Page | 125
Interviewer: Printing po, year book, book binding…
Interviewee: Like what? Dapat alam mo din kung ano yung mga ahm ahm yun yung mga
products na i-ooffeer mo, sa products na yun ano yung gagamitin mong paggawa nun diba. Kung
gagawa ka ng year book sasabihin mo, year book pero gawa saan? Gawa sa ink jet, anong quality
ng ink jet sa laser print? I-cocompare yun. Sa ink jet ang pwede mong gamitin diyan is coupon
bond lang. Pwede ang ink jet sa solid lalo na sa mga texts, sa mga wordings, maganda yun okay
na kuntento na nakakakuntento. Pero when you use naman yung glossy paper, at ginamit mo ang
ink jet ahm sabog syempre ang quality nun pangit kaya you should make use of the laser print
kasi doon talaga mas maganda yung outcome nun. Ganun din sa parchment paper, pag ginamit
mo yung parchment sa ink jet, sabog din kaya dapat alamin mo. Yan , products mo yan ano, ahm
sabihin mo na sa picture gagamit ka ng photo paper. Syempre you have to introduce to your
costumer na, ito po ang gamit namin. Parag sabon, champion, tide, ariel, all of them pwedeng
gamitin pang laba pero ano yung difference nila diba. Some of them are using chalks, some of
them what? Some of them, they have features na pagkatapos mong labhan amoy downy na diba
ganun din. Yung same purpose pero ano yung content, ano yung pagkakaiba nila na pwede kang
mag-stand out. Kaya if you say na sa Mangaldan National High Schol, alamin mo kung ano yung
needs and wants ng mga nandoon. Kuntento na ba sila sa year book na ang outcome is ganitong
quality ng paper lang, kasi madami, iba’t-iba din ang klase ng paper e. Kung gusto nila ang paper
is glossy, hard ba ganun, depende nanaman yan kung anong klaseng machine na for printing
gagamitin. Kaya first of all you have to study the area, you have to study the needs and wants of
your consumers. Basically you have to observe muna, huwag ka basta-basta magpatayo na
maisip mo na baka ito, papatok ito. Kasi syempre at your own expense hindi mo masabi kung
papatok ba ito.
Interviewee: Anymore?
Interviewer: Ahm thank you po ma’am.
Interviewee: Okay sana nakatulong.
Interviewer: Malaking tulong po. Thank you po!

Appendix V
Transcript of the Researchers at Printwise

Page | 126
Interviewer: Nagpapaprint po ba kayo ng Yearbook?
Interviewee: Oo, yung yearbook, parang, oo offset printing siya pag 100 pieces
Interviewer: Pano pag yung mga yearbook po na iproproduce lang po per year 500 pieces lang
po so hindi po applicable
Interviewee: Pag yung offset pagka yung flyers kagaya ng samin, atleast mga ah, hindi siya
bababa ng 100, pag yearbook pag 100 pieces yun pwede
Interviewer: Once a year na po yun? Pwede po gamitan ng offset?
Interviewee: Oo, kasi libro na siya
Interviewer:So mas maganda po ang offset kaysa sa laserprinting?
Interviewee: Maganda ang laserprinting pagdating sa ano, parehas naman sila ng quality kaso
ang pinagkaiba ay mas mahal ang digital printing sa laser, mas mura ang offset pag maramihan
Interviewer: Pero kung kaunti lang po ma’am?
Interviewee: Pag kaunti, mga inches digital printing ang tinatawag doon, yung ctrl+p, kasi
pagdating sa offset may mga processing pa nun eh, may procedure pa
Interviewer: Ano po ilan po yung payback period niya po, yung years pong payback po nung
offset?
Interviewee: Ano yun? Pagdating sa investment?
Interviewer: Opo
Interviewee: Depende kung masipag silang mag marketing, kung marami silang ginagagawa.
Ang ROI or Return of Investment niya ay pwede nang 2 or 3 years
Interviewer: Gumagamit din po ba kayo ng laserprinter?
Interviewee: Oo
Interviewer: Yun po ma’am, ilan po ung payback period nun?
Interviewee: Mga 2 years, 1 to 2 years depende yun sa sales mo, sa marketing mo kung kaunti
ang namamarket mo depende sa location, kagaya naming nasa center kami ng commercial
Interviewer: Yung ano po ma’am mga calling cards niyo po?
Interviewee: Calling cards, sabihin na natin pagkacalling cards is 2000 pieces pero iisang design
kumbaga calling cards mo kailangan ng 2000 piece, yun pwede nang sa offset, pero pag 100
pieces lang, sa laserprinting na
Interviewer: Gaano kadalas po sa isang lingo kayo nagproproduce ng mga business materials?

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Interviewee: Pagka peak season, yan weekly mya canvas kami, pag lean season siguro once a
month, depende rin , sa amin kasi naestablish na kami kaya pagka lean season namin medyo
kaunting pabalance sa sales kasi tag-ulan
Interviewer: Ano pong season yung peak season niyo po?
Interviewee: Mga Ber months, January to May, June, July, August, yan yung mga parang lean
season namin
Interviewer: Nagkakaroon po ba kayo ng marketing strategy pag slack season?
Interviewee: Mostly ano mga promo, at discounts ganon
Interviewer: Yung difference kahit percentage po, doon po sa difference ng peak season sa
slack season pagdating sa sales?
Interviewee: Mga 10%, 10% - 15%
Interviewer: Ma’am nagpiprint din po ba kayo sa notebook?
Interviewee: Oo, pwede kung personalized notebook yan, piniprint naming siya sa inkjet
Interviewer: Magkano po yung notebook?
Interviewee: Pagkaganon, syempre kung iisa or kakaunti mas mahal, pag 100 pieces depende
nay an sa materials na gagamitin
Interviewer: Pag yung normal notebook lang po, yung binebenta lang po?
Interviewee: Pag personalized, umaabot ng 80 to 100 pesos per piece pag less than 10 pieces,
pag mga 100 pieces depende sa materials kasi ibubookbind naming siya, so siguro 50 pesos
Interviewee: Discuss ko na din yung laser para makita niyo
Ito yung inkjet printer para sa mga short order. Ito naman yung sinasabing laserprinter, kagaya
nito papagawa lang sila ng less than 100. Itong laser printer, toner naman ito, ito namang
sinsabing toner kasi heat yung ginagawa nito para dumikit yung image doon sa paper , so ito
hiniheat niya.
Ang content nito alam niyo yung mga parang plastic particles na nandoon sa toner so medyo ano
siya, ditto siya nakalagay, kung makikita ninyo ito pag ishashake naming powder ang laman nito,
powder na kulay pink, so nilalagay namin siya dito, ang nangyayari hiniheat niya so niluluto niya
jan para matransfer, hindi kagaya ng inkjet, so mas makukunsulmo ng kuryente ito kasi
nagproproduce siya ng heat. Ang inkjet ano lang yan, ink siya, liquid.
Interviewer: So bale yun po yung toner?
Interviewee: Oo, toner tawag diyan
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Interviewer: Mga magkano po yung toner niyo po?
Intervieweee: Pinoprovide yan ng mga nasa, pagkaoorderin na nas 10,000 pesos
Interviewer: Isang toner lang po?
Interviewee: Oo, pero nagproproduce na siya ng libo na rin
Interviewer: Yung isang toner po ma’am mga ilang months niyo nagagamit bago maubos?
Interviewee: Monthly
Interviewer: Monthly po kayo nagpapalit ng toner?
Interviewee: Oo, monthly kasi pagka naproproduce kami ng maramihan kagaya ng magazines,
pagka 100 pieces tapos kaunting pages, ditto na namin dinadaan, depende sa cost kung
nagmamadali sila, pwede naming itong irush kya lang talagang costly siya, kung magbibigay
kami ng ano sa isang magazine, aabot na siya ng 200 pesos, pero pagdating sa offset printer, pag
maramihan yan yung 100 mo nagcocost lang siya ng mga 40 pesos, so malaking difference, pero
kailangan mo ng malaking produce, malaking quantity doon tayo sa offset.
Interviewee: Yan yung piniprint namin dito, yung yearbook ng Kingfisher, so one color pa lang
ito. So kaya siya matagal may place na tinatawag yung, ayan yung inaayos kung baga may
master yan.
Ito yung sinasabi naming kaya siya, kay hindi madalian ang offset kasi may mga proseso pa, ito
yung lata may image ditto. Yan may image diyan so itong image nay an finifeed diyan so ito
naglalagay ng ink ito, nag aabsorb ng ink, tapos itong portion na ito lilipat siya sa papel na may
kulay na.

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