Dayrit, Geoffrey C.

ABM 11-B

ACTIVITY #1

1. Constructing your own idea explains the types of Nuclear Reactions.

A. Fission : Fission means the division of single cell into two or multiple.
Fission can be of two types, namely, Binary fission and Multiple fission. In binary fission,
parent cell divides into two equal halves called daughter cells. Organisms like the amoeba,
bacteria, euglena, etc., exhibit binary fission. During multiple fission, organism divides itself into
numerous daughter cells.
Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the
process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one
copy of DNA.
Example: Amoeba & Paramecium
Multiple fission is the process of reproduction in which many individuals are formed or
produced from the parent cell. In this process, the nucleus divides repeatedly to produce large
number of nuclei. ... Many daughter cells develop which on liberation grow into adult organism.
Example: Planaria
B. Fusion is the process that powers the sun and the stars. It is the reaction in which two atoms
of hydrogen combine together, or fuse, to form an atom of helium.
In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei and
combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles.
C. Nuclear decay or Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus
loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three
of the most common types of decay are alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay, all of
which involve emitting one or more particles or photons.
D. Transmutation is a process in which nucleus changes in the number of protons to produce
an atom with a different atomic number.
The changing of one element into another by radioactive decay, Nuclear bombardment, or
similar processes.

2. Differentiate Nuclear Fusion to Nuclear Fission.

Both fission and fusion are nuclear reactions that produce energy, but the applications are not
the same.
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and Fusion is the
process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy.
Dayrit, Geoffrey C. ABM 11-B

3. Explain the idea of Nucleosynthesis and give an example.

Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons,
primarily protons and neutrons. The first nuclei were formed about three minutes after the Big
Bang, through the process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
Example: Helium may burn via the triple alpha process.
- For example, some stable isotopes such as neon-21 and neon-22 are produced by several
routes of nucleonic synthesis, and thus only part of their abundance is primordial. Nuclear
reactions due to cosmic rays. ... One important example is carbon-14, produced from nitrogen-
14 in the atmosphere by cosmic rays.
Stellar Nucleosynthesis is the creation of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within
stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium, and
lithium during the Big Bang. As a predictive theory, it yields accurate estimates of the observed
abundances of the elements.
Supernova Nucleosynthesis within exploding stars is largely responsible for the elements
between oxygen and rubidium: from the ejection of elements produced during stellar
nucleosynthesis; through explosive nucleosynthesis during the supernova explosion; and from
the r-process (absorption of multiple neutrons) during the explosion.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis or Primordial Nucleosynthesis refers to the production of nuclei
other than H-1, the normal, light hydrogen, during the early phases of the universe, shortly after
the Big Bang.