3rd TRIMESTER REVIEWER IN ENGLISH 5

I. POETRY
A. ELEMENTS OF A POEM
1. It is a form of literature, spoken or written, that highlights rhythm, other intricate
patterns of sound and imagery, and many other possible ways that words can
suggest meaning.
2. It is the created narrative voice of the poem.
3. These are the poetic devices in which two images or objects are compared to
make language interesting and meaningful.
4. These are the people to whom the speaker is talking.
5. It the central idea that the poet wants to convey. It can be a story, or a thought, or
a description of something or someone.
6. It is the general or specific topic of the poem.
7. It is the poet's choice of words. The poet chooses each word carefully so that
both its meaning and sound contribute to the tone and feeling of the poem.
8. This is the music made by the statements of the poem, which includes the
syllables in the lines. The best method of understanding this is to read the poem
aloud, and understand the stressed and unstressed syllables.
9. It is the similarity of sound between two words.
10. It the pattern of rhyme. 
11. It is the division of a poem based on the thought form.
12. It is the basic structural make-up of the poem.
13. These are the words and phrases used by the poet for the readers to create an
image in their imagination using any of the five senses.

B. POEMS ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF STANZAS

1. two-lined poem
2. eight-lined poem
3. three-lined poem
4. five-lined poem
5. four-lined poem
6. six-lined poem
7. seven-lined poem

C. COMMON TYPES OF POETRY

1. It has four lines in a stanza of which the first two lines or the second and the
fourth lines rhyme.
2. It has stanzas made up of two lines which rhyme with each other.
 3. It is generally written to describe nature. It is most widely recognized form
consists of a three-lined stanza that has a total of 17 syllables, written in the
following pattern.
4. It is a silly poem with five lines. They are often funny or nonsensical. They often
start with a line "There once was a..." or "There was a …"
5. It is an old style of writing poetry, which was used to tell stories. It is made up of
either seven or eight or ten lines, and ends with a short four or five - line stanza.

D. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
1. It is any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to
furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or subject.
2. It is a comparison of two unlike things using the words like, as, than.
3. These are words that sound like what they are.
4. It is the direct comparison of two unlike things without the use of "as" or "like".
5. These are statements containing exaggeration.
6. These are statements that human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or
a concept.
7. These are statements that use the repetition of vowels.
8. These are statements that address to an entity not literally listening.
9. DIRECTIONS: These are repetition of a particular consonant sound in the first
syllables of a series of words.
E. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
DIRECTIONS: What senses do the following imagery appeal to? Write the correct answer on the
blank.
1. The rivers running by
2. Each little bird that sings
3. Each little flower that opens
4. The sweet scent of the morning
5. Above the clouds there's a bright blue sky
6. The ground was covered with frost and snow
7. Two little kittens began to quarrel, one stormy night.
8. And his shelter was a stable, and his cradle was a stall
9. The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting
10. We walk on starry fields of white and do not see the daisies

DIRECTIONS: Identify the figure of speech used in the following statements.

1. Life is like an onion.

2. Her home is a prison.

 3. Mother earth cried a river.

4. "I've told you a million times!"

5. Martha is her father's jewel.

6. This room is a mountain of trash!

7. Love is blind, that lovers cannot see.

8. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, pray for us.

9. The mother is the queen of the home.

10. Dogs howled in the middle of the night.

11. The earth rumbled, and trees fell down.

12. Baa, baa black sheep, have you any wool?

13. The branch dances to the tune of the wind.

14. Lunch is served late! I could die of hunger!

15. And all the night tide, I lie down by the side.

16. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

17. Her lover brought her flowers from forest far.

18. Five funny fingerlings are swimming far and wide.

19. The haunted house on the hill scares passers-by.

20. And they huff, and they puff, and they blow the house down.

DIRECTIONS: Identify the figure of speech used in the following statements.

1. "Ah Bartleby! Ah Humanity!" - from 'Bartleby, the Scrivener' by Herman Melville

2. Alice's aunt ate apples and acorns around august.

3. Arguing with her was like duelling with hand grenades.
4. "Death, be not proud, though some have called thee / Mighty and dreadful, for thou art
not so" - From "Holy Sonnet X" by John Donne.

5. Authority is a chair, it needs legs to stand up.

6. Becky's beagle barked and bayed, becoming bothersome for Billy.

7. Carries cat clawed her couch, creating chaos.

8. Every morning my alarm clock springs to life; I hate it when that happens.

9. He has a heart of gold.

10. He is as big as a grown elephant!

11. He looked at the roaring sky.

12. Hear the lark and harken to the barking of the dark fox gone to ground.

13. His head was spinning with ideas.

 14. His smile was a mile wide.

15. I lie down by the side of my bride.

16. I will die if she asks me to sing in front of everyone.

17. It's hot and it's monotonous.

18. "O My friends, there is no friend." - from Montaigne by Aristotle

19. Janie’s boyfriend appreciated her as an ape might appreciate an algebra book.
20. John is a real pig when he eats.
21. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
22. She hung her head like a dying flower.
23. "O black night, nurse of the golden eyes!" - from Euripides' Electra (translation) by David
Kovacs.
24. That joke is so old, the last time I heard it I was riding on a dinosaur.

25. The books fell on the table with a loud thump.

26. The buzzing bee flew away.

27. The classroom was as quiet as a tongue-tied librarian in a hybrid car.

28. The crumbling thunder of seas

29. The gutsy blizzard took on the challenge posed by a few tall buildings. Fortunately, the
buildings won.

30. The handshake felt like warm laundry.

31. The peaceful and fun loving town close to the coast was swallowed by an angry tsunami.

32. The rustling leaves kept me awake.

33. The sack fell into the river with a splash.

34. The wind howled and howled, its objection was in the air.

35. Time has this annoying habit of creeping up on you.

36. Time is a thief.

37. Try to light the fire.

38. "Then come, sweet death, and rid me of this grief." - Christopher Malowe
39. We felt dreary and dismal in the darkness of the night.
40. You snore louder than a freight train.

DIRECTIONS: What senses do the following imagery appeal to? Write the correct answer on the
blank.

1. He fumed and charged like an angry bull.

2. The sampaguita’s delicate fragrance attracted me.
 3. He fell down like an old tree falling down in a storm.
4. He felt like the flowers were waving him a hello.
5. The eerie silence was shattered by her scream.
6. He could hear his world crashing down when he heard the news about
her.
7. The F-16 swooped down like an eagle after its prey.
8. The word spread like leaves in a storm.
9. The lake was left shivering by the touch of morning wind.
10. The pumpkin pie had a gross, mushy mealy taste especially after the chef forgot
to put the sugar into the pie. 
11. Her face blossomed when she caught a glance of him.
12. He could never escape from the iron grip of desire.
13. He could hear the footsteps of doom nearing.
14. She was like a breath of fresh air infusing life back into him.
15. The sugar-free candy had an artificially sweet, cloying flavor that made Betsy feel
a little sick. 
16. The pot was a red as a tongue after eating a cherry flavored ring pop.
17. Though I was on the sheer face of a mountain, the feeling of swinging
through the air was euphoric, almost like flying without wings.
18. The rich, creamy sweetness from the homemade ice cream was an amazing
treat on the hot summer day. 
19. Her blue eyes were as bright as the Sun, blue as the sky, but soft as silk.
20. The music coursed through us, shaking our bodies as if it came from
within us.
21. The giant tree was ablaze with the orange, red, and yellow leaves that
were beginning to make their decent to the ground.
22. The crunch of the peanuts filled Bill's mouth with the salty taste with which he
was so familiar. 
23. The sweet flavor of the baby's first lollipop immediately made her smile. 
24. The toothpaste at the dentist office had a sharp, strong minty flavor. 
25. The familiar, slightly spicy flavor of the seasoned meat in the meatloaf
reminded Casey of the meatloaf that her mother used to make. 
26. The artificial cherry taste of the cough medicine was overly flowery and sweet. 
27. The lobster was melt-in-your mouth soft and had the perfect taste of delicate
lobster meat. 
28. The familiar comforting warmth of the chicken noodle soup instantly made Mike
feel much better. 
29. The sweet aroma of the candle billowed all over the room.
30. The exquisite perfect salty flavor of the caviar made Penny remember why she
loved coming to the restaurant. 

II. INFERENCES, CONCLUSIONS, OUTCOMES, GENRALIZATIONS

A. DRAWING/ MAKING INFERENCES
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement below and choose the most logical inference from among those
given.
1. Fifteen destructive storms visited the Philippines last year.
a. Therefore there will again be fifteen destructive storms this year.
b. Therefore the Filipinos are no longer afraid of typhoons.
c. Therefore the rice harvests will be less than expected.
2. Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere.
a. Therefore when it's winter in Australia, it's summer in China.
b. Therefore Australia is the smallest continent in the word.
c. Therefore Australia is a great industrial country.
3. Hong Kong is a favorite shopping center among tourists.
a. Therefore the Hong Kong dollar is cheaper than the yuan.
b. Therefore the stores in Hong Kong are owned by Chinese.
c. Therefore Hong Kong prices of goods are relatively low.
4. In a Chinese family the grandmother is highly honored.
a. Therefore the grandmother supports the family.
b. Therefore the grandmother's opinion is respected.
c. Therefore nobody obeys the grandfather.
5. The rainy season in China is in June, July, and August.
a. Therefore rice is planted in those months.
b. Therefore China has only two seasons.
c. Therefore clashes begin in August.

MAKING INFERENCES
1. Alice was carrying a large clothes basket from the bedroom down the stairs to the laundry room. She
struggled under the weight of the basket. She wished her younger brothers would help her. Instead, they were
playing. She had heard them throwing a baseball in the house earlier. She had told them to go outside. They
had gone to the backyard, but they had left the baseball on the stairs.

2. Winston stood at the store counter. It was hard to make a decision. On the one hand, he had just enough
money to buy the new game he wanted so badly. However, he had come to the store to buy his mother’s
birthday present. If he bought her present, he would have to wait another week to have enough money for the
game. As he looked at the game, he remembered that his mother made his favorite soup when he was sick.
He also thought about how proud she was when he won the relay race. His mind was made up.
3. It had been a beautiful sunny day. Now George saw the clouds begin to roll in. The gentle breeze of the day
started blowing steadily. In the distance the blue sky was now a dark, angry purple. Far away, but coming
closer, George saw something that scared him. He ran to the house to tell his mother that they needed to get
into the storm cellar right away.

WHAT CAN YOU INFER?

O. Henry, whose real name was William Sydney Porter, wrote the short story “The Gift of the Magi.” It was
published in 1910.

Below are the opening paragraphs of the story. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved
one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheeks
burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it.
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but
flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is
made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.

1. Why is Della crying?

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2. What does Christmas have to do with her tears?

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3. How did she get the money?

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4. What does O. Henry mean by “with sniffles predominating”?

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INFERENCE IN LITERATURE: THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ

Below are two passages from L. Frank Baum’s classic story “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.” The first passage
is about Dorothy’s home in Kansas. The second refers to the road outside the Emerald City in Oz. Read both
passages and answer the questions.

Passage A

When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on
every side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached to the edge of the sky in
all directions. The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass, with little cracks running through it. Even
the grass was not green, for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until they were the same gray color
to be seen everywhere. Once the house had been painted, but the sun blistered the paint and the rains
washed it away, and now the house was as dull and gray as everything else.

1. What is the most common color of the area around Dorothy’s home?
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2. Does this sound like a pleasant place?

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Passage B

The road was smooth and well paved, now, and the country about was beautiful, so that the travelers rejoiced
in leaving the forest far behind, and with it the many dangers they had met in its gloomy shades. Once more
they could see fences built beside the road; but these were painted green, and when they came to a small
house, in which a farmer evidently lived, that also was painted green. They passed by several of these houses
during the afternoon, and sometimes people came to the doors and looked at them as if they would like to ask
questions; but no one came near them nor spoke to them because of the great Lion, of which they were very
much afraid. The people were all dressed in clothing of a lovely emerald-green color and wore peaked hats like
those of the Munchkins.

3. What is the most common color of the surroundings in this passage?

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4. Does this sound like a pleasant place?

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5. What do you think the author is trying to say about the differences in these two places?
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MAKING INFERENCES
DIRECTIONS: Read the paragraphs below and do as directed.
To the Norsemen, there was not a spot in the world of nature which was not inhabited by some spirit.
Some of these spirits were small and were given the general of elves. Ordinarily, they were thought of
as being handsomer and better made than men, although smaller. They loved games and dancing,
often passing the entire night tirelessly dancing, stopping only when the cock crowed, for they feared
the sunlight and avoided the eyes of men. Any man who took part in their dance would be lost. Either
he would never be seen again, or only his body would be found.
Dwarfs were a special kind of elves. They, too, were of small stature, lived in secret places, usually
underground, and were endowed with supernatural intelligence and foresight. But they were far from
beautiful. They were almost always deformed; they were hunchbacked, with big heads, pale faces
and long beards. The dwarfs were cunning goldsmith and incomparable blacksmith.
Number the sentences in the two paragraphs from 1 to 10. Then answer these questions based on
the sentence indicated. The sentence doesn't say so, but you infer the answer from each.
1. Did the Norsemen believe in river and mountain spirits?
2. Were all elves small?
3. Were elves grown-up in looks or childish in face and form?
4. Were elves a sociable people who enjoyed men's company?
5. Would the people usually refuse to dance with the elves?
6. Were dwarfs elves or another kind of supernatural being?
7. Did dwarfs stay away from contact with human beings?
8. Were dwarfs like the elves in good looks?
9. What deformation did they have in their back?
10. As artisans, what two vocations did they excel in?

MAKING INFERENCES AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

1. Shanay had never seen so many fish before. She looked around at the huge tanks and could see hundreds
of fish, crabs, shrimp, and all other amazing creatures completely surrounding her. She never thought she
could feel like she was completely underwater, yet still be completely dry.

Where was Shanay?

a. the ocean
b. the aquarium
c. to pool
d. a park
2.  What can you "infer" by reading the passage below?

"I hate the idea of having all those people out there watching me...I just don't like it when I'm around so many
people. I wish I just could hide somewhere," whispered Violet.
a. Violet can be a mean girl
b. Violet can be somewhat relaxed
c. Violet is probably somewhat shy

3. Julio and his father had been looking forward to their fishing trip for weeks. They didn't take much food with
them on the trip. When they started fishing they were quickly approached by a forest ranger. He asked Julio's
father if he had a fishing license. Julio's father reached into his wallet and suddenly got a terrified look on his
face. Julio was disappointed that night as he ate dinner.
Why did Julio and his father not take much food with them on the trip?

a. They were planning on eating the fish they caught.

b. They didn't have any food at their house.
c. They didn't want to eat too much.
d. They don't like to eat fish.
4. If the werewolves are not out, then the moon is not full. From this statement, one might infer which of the
following:
a. If the werewolves are out, then the moon is full.
b. If the moon is full, then the werewolves are not out.
c. If the moon is not full, then the werewolves are out.

5. The wind blew through the rigging as the boy watched the clouds roll in. As the waves grew bigger and
bigger, he decided it was time to head home. What is the boy doing?
a. eating breakfast
b. sailing
c. riding his bike
d. playing with his friends

6. Annie could hear the music playing over the loud speaker in the mall. She and her mother were shopping for
a present for her father. Annie could see a big line in the center of the mall. She wondered what all the people
were waiting for. She then heard a jolly "HO! HO! HO!" from the center of the crowd and she quickly realized
what the people were waiting on. As Annie and her mother walked through the mall, she noticed that the store
windows were decorated with green, white, and red decorations.

Which of the following is a conclusion that could be made from the story?
a. Annie and her mother were shopping for a birthday present for Annie's father.
b. The music was coming from a band.
c. The mall is close to Annie's house.
d. The people were waiting in line to see Santa Claus.

7. Mary went downstairs. There was an aroma in the air. The table was set with warm blueberry muffins,
freshly squeezed orange juice, and brewed coffee. A note was left on the table. It said, "Dear Mary, Have a
great day. Good Luck at your new job. Love, Dan" Next to the note there was a wrapped present with a bow on
top. What time of day is it?
a. Morning
b. Afternoon
c. Evening

8. The van was packed full, and some things were attached to the luggage rack on top. My mom and dad, two
sisters, and I left early Saturday morning for a one week vacation. We were going about halfway, 400 miles,
the first day. My dad had made a reservation at a motel just off the highway. We were moving along on
schedule, when all of a sudden there was a bang, and the car lurched. My father grasped the steering wheel
tightly to keep the car under control, and then drove it onto the shoulder of the road out of the way of traffic.

What do you think happened?

a. We were out of gas.
 b. The things of the top of the car had fallen off.
c. The car hit a rock.
d. We had a blowout.

9. Sally Ann was over 80 years old. She lived in a small house with a very small fenced-in yard. She had just
lost her 16-year-old dog and decided to get another dog right away. Sally Ann went to the animal shelter, and
after looking at all the dogs, she narrowed her choice down to two. The first was a large, black, one-year-old
retriever. He had a lot of energy and was used to running on acres of land. The second dog was a small, three-
year-old mix. The people who had owned him said he stayed home alone all day and knew how to use a doggy
door to go out to the yard. 

Which dog do you think Sally Ann chose?

a. Sally Ann chose the black one-year-old retriever.
b. Sally Ann chose the small three-year-old mix
c. Sally Ann did not choose either one of the dogs.
d. Sally Ann chose both dogs.

5. Read this sentence from the passage. 

She sighed deeply; Jonathan felt like he should respond, but had a limited knowledge of this apparent
ecological threat

Why does the author of this passage most likely use the word "apparent" in this sentence?
a. To emphasize the seriousness of the threat to the planet
b. To point out the obviousness of the threat to the natural world
c. To explain how devastating the threat is to the story's characters
d. To suggest it is an alleged threat at this point, rather than a proven one

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS REGARDING CAUSE AND EFFECT

DIRECTIONS: The paragraphs that follow are about customs regarding names. Read each
paragraph; then check the answer in the statement that follows.
1. In the English-speaking world, a woman takes er husband's family name. However, if her maiden
name is well known before marriage, she may keep if for business reasons.
A married woman sometimes keeps her maiden name because
a. her name is known in her occupation
b. her husband wants her it to keep it
c. her name is usually easier to pronounce
2. In many countries , it is customary to put the family name first. This happens in Hungary (Kossuth
Lajos is one known as Louis Kossuth) and China (Chiang Kai-shek is really Kai-shek of the Chiang
family).
The last name is given first in Hungary and China is in because
a. that is the usual practice
b. they want to hide their real names
c. their names are difficult I pronounce
3. In Sweden, all variations of the same family name are grouped together in the telephone directory
for easy reference (Carlsohn, Karlson, Karlsohn will be found under Karlsson, the most "official" of the
spellings).
All variations of the one name are grouped in Swedish directories because
a. officials have not enough work to do
b. names are easier to find that way
c. telephones are useful
4. A curious custom in Indonesia is to have no first name at all, but only a family name. This is true of
Sukarno, the Indonesian president. This may lead to confusion among brothers.
The use of only family names in Indonesia can lead to confusion because
a. there are few customs in Indonesia
b. many people may have the same name
c. people are curious about names
5. In Iceland, listing imbrue telephone directory is by first names only. The directory helps you by
giving a person's title or profession.
It is difficult for foreigners to find names in the Icelandic telephone directory because
a. the spelling of names is difficult
b. the language is different from English
c. listings are by first names and occupations
6. In Brazil, a clerk refused to include the name Nhyklykrs Wharnes Soures Blel in the record of
births. He said it was just a jumble of letters, but the parents insisted that it was an Indian name. The
judge's decision was that Brazilian parents may call their children anything they want.
Brazilian parents may name their children anything they want because
a. Indians have fascinating names
b. a judge made this decision in court
c. Brazil is a large country

DRAWING AN INFERENCE AND PREDICTING THE OUTCOME

Choose the best prediction from those given and explain your choice.
1. Buddhism is one of the major world religions. It was founded in India about 500 B.C. by a teacher
called Buddha. Hence,
a. Only people in India are Buddhists
b. Buddha is worshipped in countries other than India
c. Buddhism is a younger religion than Christianity
2. Gautama, later called the Buddha, thought that religious knowledge would come by self-torture. But
after six years of self-torture, he decided that extreme self-torture, he decided that extreme self-
torture could not bring enlightenment. Hence,
a. He declared that Buddhist schools should teach the Law
b. He stopped torturing himself as a way to religious knowledge
c. He preached a new religion

3. Buddha believed that a man can eliminate pain and suffering only be destroying his desire to own
worldly things. Hence,
a. Buddhists must live in poverty, begging for all they need
b. They must not have more than two children to a family
c. They must wear yellow robes to show their religion
4. Buddhists follow the Middle Way which is a way of life that avoids both the uncontrolled satisfaction
of human desires and the extreme forms of self-denial and self-torture. Hence,
a. A devout Buddhists must not work very hard to be wealthy
b. He believes in enjoying life now while he's still able to 
c. He knows it is his duty to help others in need
5. The laity are important in the Buddhist community. They are expected to support the monks.
Hence,
 a. Everyone in a Buddhist community is a monk.
b. The laity are people who are not religious.
c. A Buddhist monk doesn't need to work to earn money for food.

MAKING GENERALIZATIONS
DIRECTIONS: Make two to three generalizations for the following passages.
1. All birds have wings. But not all birds can fly. Birds that do not fly are called flightless birds. The
penguin is one example. It uses its wings to swim underwater. Ostriches and emus flap their wings when they
want to scare an enemy. Rheas use their wings like rudders when they are running from an enemy. There is
even a kind of small parrot that climbs trees and then uses its wings to parachute to the ground.

G1: _________________________________________________________________________
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G2: _________________________________________________________________________
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G3: _________________________________________________________________________
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2. Ants are one of the most widespread insects in the world. Ants are called social insects because they
live in colonies made up of other ants. A colony may have a few dozen or several million ants living in it.

Ants in a colony are divided into different groups. Worker ants look for food and take care of the young.
Soldier ants defend the nest from invaders. The queen ant lays eggs. These are the three main groups in a
ant colony.

G1: _________________________________________________________________________
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G2: _________________________________________________________________________
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G3: _________________________________________________________________________
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3. About 20% of Americans have allergies. Allergies can range from mildly annoying to deadly. An
allergy is an overreaction of a person’s immune system to something that is harmless.

Many people are allergic to dust, pollen, or mold. Some people are allergic to certain kinds of
food, perfume, or medicines. An allergy might cause sneezing, coughing, or a rash. Sometimes, an
allergy is so severe, it can lead to death.
G1: _________________________________________________________________________
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G2: _________________________________________________________________________
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G3: _________________________________________________________________________
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4. Ginger is one of my best friends. When I enter my home, she races to greet me with kisses and excited
leaps. She acts like it’s been eight days since she’s seen me, instead of the actual eight hours. Her coat is
honey brown; her eyes are large and loving.
 She’s a six- month old cocker spaniel puppy, a breed originally intended to hunt birds in England. Her
faithful companionship comforts me when I’m sad or sick. Her playfulness makes me laugh when she races
after a toy I’ve tossed. All cocker spaniels make perfect pets.

G1: _________________________________________________________________________
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G2: _________________________________________________________________________
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G3: _________________________________________________________________________
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MAKING GENERALIZATIONS
Essential Question: What is a generalization and how can I tell if it is valid?

Review: A generalization is a broad statement or rule that applies to many examples. Clue words such as all,
most, always, usually, or generally signals that an author is making a generalization. Valid generalizations are
supported by facts, and faulty generalizations are not supported.

Part A: Look at some common generalizations. Circle the clue words. Decide if each generalization is valid
or faulty by identifying facts that support valid opinions.
1. Girls can’t catch. Most children like pizza.

2. All boys play sports.

3. It always snows in the winter. Library books are usually free.

4. Usually, kids wear helmets when they ride bicycles.

5. All animals migrate every year.

6. In Pennsylvania, it is always dark at night. Kids in elementary

schools are generally well-behaved.
7. I always try my best.

Part B – VALID AND FAULTY GENERALIZATIONS

Generalization Valid Faulty How do you know?
Girls can’t catch.

Most children like pizza.

All boys play sports.

 It always snows in the winter.

Library books are usually free.

Usually, kids wear helmets when they

ride bicycles.

All animals migrate every year.

In Pennsylvania, it is always dark at

night.

Kids in elementary schools are generally

well-behaved.

I always try my best.

GENERALIZATION EXERCISE

DIRECTIONS: For each numbered section below, write a generalization that is supported by ALL the details in
the list.

1.

(write your generalization in the box above)

a. There is a basketball hoop over his bedroom door
b. His living room is lined with baseball and football trophies
c. When he is not working, he is at the gym looking for a pickup game.
2.

(write your generalization in the box above)

a. They eat sandwiches made from home-baked bread.
b. All the food in their cupboard is organic
c. They do not eat processed sugar
d. They do not eat meat.

3.

(write your generalization in the box above)

a. She graduated in the top 10% of her high school class.
b. She was offered several academic scholarships to college.
c. She maintains a 3.98 GPA in college.
d. She is a member of the National Honor Society.

4.

(write your generalization in the box above)

a. There is homework due every class period in the class.
b. Very few students earn an “A” in the class.
c. The instructor requires attendance and participation
d. There are 20-30 pages of reading every night.

PREDICTING OUTCOMES
DIRECTIONS: Use information you already know and what the author is telling you to make a prediction. A
prediction is what you think will happen.
1. Ashanti had worked in the garden all day with her mother. They had started early in the morning while it was
still cool. First, they had broken up the soil, which had been packed hard by years of rain and her and her
brother playing on it. Next, they had added some soil nutrients and mixed those in by hand. She had wanted to
plant the seeds then, but her mom said they had to lay out the garden paths first. "How do we do that?" she
asked. "Get down on your knees and push the soil into piles," her mother said. By the end of the day, Ashanti
was covered in dirt. What is likely to happen next?
2. Shasta flew into the house from her mother's car and parked herself right in front of the television. In a mere
second, she had the video game system on and ready to play. Soon, she was playing her favorite racing
game. Shasta loved racing cars; she relished the fiery explosions, the jets that flew over the track, and the
deafening sirens.
Moments later, her mother came into the room. "Shasta," she said, "all you ever do is play that game. You
never move from that spot!"
"Aw, mom," Shasta said. "I just like playing a lot."
"Yeah, yeah," her mom said, "but it isn't healthy to be in front of the TV so much, and you are in need of some
heart-pumping exercise." She reached down and tried to pull Shasta to her feet.
Shasta pretended that she couldn't stand up. She wobbled like she was going to fall over. "Mom, I'm incapable
of standing up! My legs are jelly. They can't hold me!"
"Then you need to strengthen those muscles! Go outside and run around! I see your friends playing basketball
across the street. You can come back in after an hour."
Grumbling, Shasta shut the game off and dragged herself off the floor.

The next time she sees Shasta playing video games, Shasta's mom will most likely:

3. Paul and Melika always have a date on Friday. Paul picks up Melika at 7:00 p.m., and they go to at 7:30
p.m. movie. This Friday, Paul has to work overtime and is running late. When he gets out of the shower, it is
already 7:00 p.m. What probably happens next?

4. Martin was riding his bike. He looked back to see if his friend was still behind him. Suddenly he heard the
crunching of broken glass. Martin had ridden through broken pieces of a bottle. His front tire began to wobble.
What do you think will happen next?

5. Martin was riding his bike. He looked back to see if his friend was still behind him. Suddenly he heard the
crunching of broken glass. Martin had ridden through broken pieces of a bottle. His front tire began to wobble.
What probably happens next? Which clues helped you decide what would happen next in the previous
question?

6. Tim is in middle school for his first year. He is learning that he is growing and needs more food to fill him up.
Tim had five candy bars and a Monster for breakfast, three bags of chips for lunch, and two big pieces of cake
for dessert. He skipped dinner last night . He also drank a chocolate shake for lunch. What do you think will
happen next?

7. Tim had five candy bars for breakfast, three bags of chips for lunch, and two big pieces of cake for dessert.
What do you predict will happen next?

8. The movie starts at 7:30 pm, but Robert doesn't get off work until 7:45pm. Robert wants to see this movie
tonight! What do you predict Robert will do?
9. Ben likes scary movies. A new scary movie is playing at the movie theater Friday night. What do you predict
will happen?

10. The soccer field was at the top of a hill. On each side, there was a steep slope down. The view was great.
If the ball got kicked out of bounds, though, there would be a big problem. What might next happen to the ball?

11. The sheep was shocked. Apparently, the farmer and his wife had been giving him all that good food just to
fatten him up! But this was a clever sheep, and he immediately came up with a plan. First he ate all the food
the farmer's wife had bought. Then he butted down the door to his pen. What will the sheep do next?

12. Tim had five candy bars for breakfast, three bags of chips for lunch, and two big pieces of cake for dessert.
What do you think will happen next?

13. Yesterday the sun went away, the sky grew dark, big black clouds puffed up in the sky, and the wind began
to blow. What do you predict happened next?

14. Quanekqua's bus picks her up at 7:00 but Quanekqua didn't wake up until 6:45. She still needs to get
dressed and eat breakfast. What do you predict will happen next?

15. Tyquez has been coughing for days. His class has a field trip tomorrow but Tyquez has a fever. What do
you predict will happen next?

20. The puppy ran around the yard looking for his lost bone. He sniffed all over the lawn. When he found the
right spot, he started digging. What happened next?
21. Sarah climbed the steps to get to the diving board. She stood on the edge of the board and looked at the
pool below. She took a deep breath and got ready. What will Sarah do next?

22. Maria looked out the tiny window next to her seat. She could hear the plane's engines warming up. She
held on tight as the plane started rolling down the runway. What will happen next?

23. Jessie and Freddie put on their snow suits. They got their hats, boots, and scarves. They went outside and
began to roll the snow in three large balls. They put the largest ball on the bottom and stacked the snow balls
on top of each other. They went to look for two sticks.

24. Sara and her Mother drove to the computer store. Sara had her money she had received for Christmas and
the money she had saved. She waited a long time for this day. Finally, she would be able to look up all the
things she needed for school on a computer and email her friends.

25. The storm began suddenly. The lightening lit up the sky and the thunder roared loudly. The electricity was
blinking on and off quickly.

MAKING INFERENCES USING PICTURES

DIRECTIONS: Write your inferences in the boxes on the right side of each picture.

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.
10.

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
A. DIRECTIONS: Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. One of the oldest games in the world is hockey. The ancient Greeks and Persians played it. So did Native
Americans. The name comes from an old French world, hoquet. It is the word for a shepherd's crooked staff, or
stick. From the story you can tell that
a) hockey is played with a ball.
b) the French have played hockey for a long time.
c) hockey is now played by shepherds.
d) hockey will not last much longer.

2. There weren't always oranges in Europe. People from the Far East brought oranges to Europe during the
Middle Ages. Later, sailors from Europe brought oranges to America. Now the United States grows a million
tons of oranges each year. From the story you can tell that
a) the first oranges probably grew in the Far East.
b) orange trees make fruit only in winter .
c) orange trees have blue flowers.
d) there were many wars during the Middle Ages .

3. Many people in the United States are sports fans. They like sports. Football is the sport most people like.
The second most popular sport is fishing. There is one interesting thing about fishing. Fishing fans actually fish.
From the story you can tell that most Americans
a) play baseball and football.
b) watch fishing contests .
c) watch football or baseball games.
d) eat fish .

4. William H. Harrison was the ninth president of the United States. He was sworn in as president in 1841. At
the event he gave a long speech. In fact, his speech was the longest ever made by a new president. As his
speech, the weather was very cold. Harrison grew ill and died 31 days later. He is known as the president who
gave the longest speech. He is also known as the one who served the shortest term.
The story suggests that William Harrison
a) was president only a short time.
b) liked cold weather .
c) liked short speeches.
d) was a funny president .

5. Bob Siekman of Pyote, Texas, has an unusual hobby. He collects old fire trucks. As a youth, Bob watches a
man build a fire truck. Young Bob thought fires were very exciting. As a man, Bob continued his interest in fire
trucks by collecting them. He now has five old trucks in his collection.
The story does not tell
a) where Bob Siekman lives.
b) about Bob Siekman's hobby .
 c) how many old fire trucks Bob Siekman owns.
d) where Bob Siekman finds the old trucks.

6. One night in 1816, Mary Shelley and some friends gathered. They took turn telling scary stories. At last
Mary's turn came. She told a story of a doctor. The doctor tried to create a man but built a monster instead.
Two years later Mary published the story in a book called Frankenstein.
The story does not tell
a) when Mary Shelley and her friends gathered.
b) when Mary Shelley's book was published.
c) what the other scary stories were about.
d) what Mary Shelley's scary story was about.

7. One common superstition is the fear of the number 13. The fear of 13 shows up in many places. On most
airplanes there is no thirteenth row of seats. Most tall buildings do not have a thirteenth floor. And many people
feel a bit nervous on Friday the thirteenth.
From the story you cannot tell
a) that the fear of 13 is very common.
b) why people fear the number 13.
c) if airplanes use 13 as a row number.
d) on what day Friday the thirteenth falls.

8. On May 25th, the US President John Kennedy announced that the US would land a person on the
moon before the end of the decade. This tremendous mission cost 24 billion dollars. The goal was finally
reached when Apollo 11 landed on the moon's surface on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstron, Edwin Aldrin, and
Michael Collins were on the board of Apollo 11. Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours and 37 minutes
on the moon before returning to the command ship.
Which conclusion could NOT be made from the facts given in the passage ?
a) Three astronauts walked on the moon.
b) The Apollo trip was costly.
c) President Kennedy was interested in the trip to the moon.

B. DIRECTIONS: Make conclusions for the following scenes.

1) You see a woman pushing a baby stroller down the street.

2) You are at a corner and see two cars stopped at an intersection. The rear car starts honking its horn.

3) You are walking down the street, and all of a sudden a dog comes running out of an opened door with its tail
between its legs.

4) You see a man running and frantically waving at a bus that is pulling away from a bus stop.
5) You are giving a speech in front of an audience and notice several people laughing and pointing at
something on your pants.

6) Your sister comes home from spending the evening with her friends, slams the front door and runs to her
room while crying.

7.) Hybrid cars are good for the environment, but they may not perform as well as cars that run only on
gasoline. The Toyota Prius gets great gas mileage and has low emissions, making it a good “green” option.
However, many people think that it is unattractive. The Prius also cannot accelerate as quickly as other models
and cannot hold as many passengers as larger gas-fueled SUVs. Although they save money on fuel, hybrid
cars cost more up front than gas-fueled cars. A new hybrid car can cost almost $3,500 more than the same car
configured to run just on gasoline. Which of the following can you infer from the passage?
a) Hybrid cars are more dangerous than other options.
b) Toyota is making a lot of money from the Prius.
c) Cars that use gasoline are going to destroy the environment.
d) Hybrid cars may not be the best choice for everyone.

8.) Redwood trees are rare. They are found only on the coastal slopes of Northern California and Oregon, and
in China. Redwoods were thought to be extinct in China, but they were rediscovered by a Chinese forester in
1948. These trees can grow hundreds of feet high and live to be thousands of years old. They are endangered
due to logging, pollution, and global warming, which is reducing the amount of fog on the coast. Redwoods get
their water from the fog.
Which of the following can you infer from the passage:
a) The Chinese logged the Redwoods almost into extinction.
b) Redwood trees will continue to grow taller throughout their whole lives.
c) Using non-recyclable products will kill Redwood trees.
d) Redwoods can only grow in places that get a lot of fog.

9.) Shannelle is a very good baker. Whenever there is a bake sale to raise money for a cause, Shannelle is
always asked to make cupcakes or a pie. People say that they only come to the bake sales if they know that
Shannelle is making something. She always agreed to bake things because she hated to say no to anyone.
One week, her oven broke and she could not bake, so she decided to go for a hike instead. Shannelle enjoyed
it so much that she realized she needed to learn to make time for herself, and not just donate all of her free
time to charity.
Which of the following can you infer from the passage:
a) Shannelle is a generous person.
b) Shannelle’s mother did a good job teaching her how to bake.
c) The people in the community were taking advantage of Shannelle.
d) Shannelle’s brother broke her oven so she would get a day off