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Lightining Arrestar
Lightining Arrestar
Rod connected
to earth
Transformer
tank
Limitations of rod type
The rod may malt or damaged due to excessive heat
produced by the are.
The climatic conditions
(e.g. rain, humidity, temperature etc.) affect the
performance of rod gap arrester.
The polarity of surge also affected the performance of
this arrester.
“Due to the above limitations the rod type
arrester is only used as a ‘Back-up’ protection in case of
main arrester”.
2.Horn gap lightning arrester
It consist two horn shaped metal rod
A and B separated by a small air gap. the Horns are
so constructed that distance between them gradually
increased.
one end is connected to the line through
resistance R and choke coil L while the other is
connected to effectively grounded .The resistance R
helps in limiting in follow current to a small value.
the choke coil is designed that it offers small
reactance at normal power frequency but a very high
reactance at transient frequency.
Horn gap lightning arrester Diagram
ig:
Advantages
The arc is self clearing. therefore this type of arresters
does not cause short circuiting of the system after the
surge is over in the case of rod gap.
Series resistance helps in limiting the follow current to
a small value.
Note : “This type of arrester is not reliable and
can only be used a second line of defense like the rod
gap arrester”.
3.Multigap lightning arrester
It consist of series of metallic cylinders insulated from
one another and separated small intervals of air gaps.
First cylinder A in series is connected to the line and
other to be ground through series resistance. the series
resistance limits the power arc.
By the inclusion of series resistance the degree of
protection against travelling wave is reduced. In order to
overcome this difficulty some of gap(B to C) are shunted
by resistance. such type arresters can be employed where
system voltage does not exceed 33kv.
Multigap lightning arrester Diagram
Shunted
resistance
Line
A B C Series
resistance
Series gaps Shunted gaps
Earth
Fig:07
4.Expulsion type arresters
This type of arrester is also called “protector tube
"and is commonly used on system operating up to
33kv.
It is essentially consist of rod gap AB in series with a
second gap enclosed in a fiber tube. this gap in the
fiber tube is formed by two electrodes.
The upper electrode is connected to rod gap and
lower is earthed. One expulsion arrester is placed
under each line conductor.
Expulsion type arresters Diagram
Line
A
Rod gap
Horn gap
B
Protector
tube
Fiber
tube Internal gap
Earth
(1) (2)
Fig:08
Advantages
They are not very expensive.
They can easily installed.
They are improved form of rod gap arrestor as they
block flow of power frequency follow currents.
Limitations
this type of arrester can not be mounted in an enclosed
equipment due to discharge of gases during operation.
due to poor volt\ampere characteristics of the arrester it
is not suitable for protection expensive equipment.
5.Valve type arrestor
Valve type arrester incorporate non linear resistor
and extensively used on system , operating at high
voltages.
It consist of two assemblies (1)series spark gap
(2)non linear resistor disc in series
The non linear elements are connected in series with
the spark gaps and earth.
Valve type arrestor Diagram
Current
terminal Line
Non-linear Set of
resistor non-linear
Resistors
(1)
(2)
Fig:09
Working
On the occurrence of an over voltages, the break
down of series spark gap takes place and the surge
current is conducted to earth via non linear resistor.
Since the magnitude of surge current is very large the
non linear elements offer a very low resistance the
passage of surge.
The result, surge will rapidly go to earth instead go
back over the line.
When surge is over the non linear resistor to stop
flow of current.
Advantages
They provide very effective protection (especially for
transformers and cables) against surges.
They operate very rapidly less than second.
Applications
Station type used for protection of important power
station operate on up to 220kv
Line type arrester station handling voltage up to
66kv.