Writing Comprehension Test for 11th Form Students

Directions: Choose one of the topics given below and write a 200 – 230-
word essay.

1. Write on the following:

 “ I alone cannot change the world, but I can cast a stone across the
waters to create many ripples.” – Mother Teresa
 What can a teenager do to change the world.
 What would you expect “many ripples” to be in your case?
2. Write on the following:
 “The only thing that you absolutely have to know, is the location
of a library,” said Albert Einstein.
 What do you think about the role of libraries nowadays?
 Why do some people use them? Isn’t it waste of time?
3. “To keep the body in a good health is a duty, otherwise we shall not be able
to keep our mind strong and clear.”- Buddha.
 Much attention is paid to healthy food and lifestyle.
 Do you think it is worth all efforts taken? Isn’t it “much ado
about nothing”?
 Do you think that clear mind depends mainly on healthy diet
and exercising?
Reading Comprehension Form 11
Text 1.
Task : Read the text and answer the questions 1- 5.

(Maintenance – технічне обслуговування; economies of scale – економія від масштабу)

Prompted by the oil crises of the 1970s, a wind-power industry flourished briefly in
the United States. But then world oil prices dropped, and funding for research into
renewable energy was cut. By the mid 1980s US interest in wind energy as a large-
scale source of energy had almost disappeared. The development of wind power at
this time suffered not only from badly designed equipment, but also from poor long-
term planning, economic projections that were too optimistic and the difficulty of
finding suitable locations for the wind turbines.
Only now technological advances are beginning to offer hope that wind power will
come to be accepted as a reliable and important source of electricity. There have been
significant successes in California, in particular, where wind farms now have a
capacity of 1500 megawatts, comparable to a large nuclear or fossil-fuelled power
station, and produce 1.5 per cent of the state’s electricity.
Nevertheless, in the US, the image of wind power is still distorted by early failures.
One of the most persistent criticisms is that wind power is not a significant energy
resource. Researchers at the Battelle Northwest Laboratory, however, estimate that
today wind turbine technology could supply 20 per cent of the electrical power the
country needs. As a local resource, wind power has even greater potential.
Minnesota’s energy commission calculates that a wind farm on one of the state’s
south western ridges could supply almost all that state’s electricity. North Dakota
alone has enough sites suitable for wind farms to supply more than a third of all
electricity consumed in the continental US.
The prevailing notion that wind power is too costly results largely from early research
which focused on turbines with huge blades that stood hundreds of metres tall. These
machines were not designed for ease of production or maintenance, and they were
enormously expensive. Because the major factors influencing the overall cost of wind
power are the cost of the turbine and its supporting systems, including land, as well as
operating and maintenance costs, it is hardly surprising that it was thought at the time
that wind energy could not be supplied at a commercially competitive price. More
recent developments such as those seen on California wind farms have dramatically
changed the economic picture for wind energy. These systems, like installations in
Hawaii and several European countries, have benefited from the economies of scale
that come through standardised manufacturing and purchasing. The result has been a
dramatic drop in capital costs: the installed cost of new wind turbines stood at $1000
per kilowatt in 1993, down from about $4000 per kilowatt in 1980, and continues to
fall. Design improvements and more efficient maintenance programs for large
numbers of turbines have reduced operating costs as well. The cost of electricity
delivered by wind farm turbines has decreased from about 30 cents per kilowatt-hour
to between 7 and 9 cents, which is generally less than the cost of electricity from
conventional power stations. Reliability has also improved dramatically. The latest
turbines run more than 95 per cent of the time, compared with around 60 per cent in
the early 1980s. Another misconception is that improved designs are needed to make
wind power feasible. Out of the numerous wind turbine designs proposed or built by
inventors or developers, the propeller-blade type, which is based on detailed
analytical models as well as extensive experimental data, has emerged as
predominant among the more than 20,000 machines now in commercial operation
world-wide. Like the gas-driven turbines that power jet aircraft, these are
sophisticated pieces of rotating machinery. They are already highly efficient, and
there is no reason to believe that other configurations will produce major benefits.
Like other ways of generating electricity, wind power does not leave the environment
entirely unharmed. There are many potential problems, ranging from interference
with telecommunications to impact on wildlife and natural habitats. But these effects
must be balanced against those associated with other forms of electricity generation.
Conventional power stations impose hidden costs on society, such as the control of
air pollution, the management of nuclear waste and global warming. As wind power
has been ignored in the US over the past few years, expertise and commercial
exploitation in the field have shifted to Europe. The European Union spends 10 times
as much as the US government on research and development of wind energy. It
estimates that at least 10 per cent of Europe’s electrical power could be supplied by
land-based wind-turbines using current technology. Indeed, according to the
American Wind Energy Association, an independent organisation based in
Washington, Denmark, Britain, Spain and the Netherlands will each surpass the US
in the generating capacity of wind turbines installed during the rest of the decade.
1 Which one of the statements is true?
A Cost was a big factor in preventing the development of wind power.
B Wind power has developed steadily since the 1970s.
C Wind power can provide enough electricty for the United States.
D Some US states are powered solely by wind.
2   What is the general view of wind energy in the United States?
A very positiv B it will reduce global warming
C it can only provide small amounts D very negative
3 Which of these factors has not contributed to the reduced cost of wind energy?
A state subsidies B standardisation of design
C economies of scale D more efficient maintenance
4 Wind turbine designs ...
A are expected to improve in the future B are already very good
C will be much more efficient in the future D are good for the environment
 5 Wind energy is more developed in Europe than the USA.
A true B false C not given
Text 2.
Read the five job adverts. Answer the questions. Choose A-E or None.
A IT Recruitment Officer
We are looking for recent graduates who would like to work with some of the most
important companies in the digital industry. This post is based in Dubai.  Once you
have received training on our computer system, you will be responsible for:
- liaising( зв’язок) with recruiters to create job descriptions
- advertising jobs
- sourcing possible candidates
- updating the database
We are looking for someone with passion, drive and commitment.  Recruitment
Resourcers must be able to work under pressure and be self-motivated and people-
focused. These qualities will help you progress within the company.  Recruitment
Resourcers who are willing to learn can train to become Account Managers and
Account Directors.
- Competitive basic salary plus commission

B Logistics Associate
Our company is looking for someone to work in the sales and customer service
department to ensure that customers have a professional service from the moment
they place an order until they receive their shipment. The job is for 27 hours per
week. Hours are negotiable. Opportunities for overtime are likely.
Your responsibilities will include:
- placing and processing orders
- keeping accurate records
- processing returns and refunds
The successful candidate will:
- be educated to degree level
- be able to work efficiently and to deadlines in a high pressured environment
- have good IT skills
Candidates should have experience in business logistics, purchasing and supply
management or operations management.

C Insurance Telesales
Do you have previous sales experience? Are you available from January 6th until the
end of March?
We are currently looking for someone to deal with insurance renewals sales. The role
will involve calling existing customers and asking them if they intend to renew their
policy, and if necessary, discuss how we can keep them as a customer. The role is a
3-month fixed term contract. The hours of work will be 8:45am until 5pm Monday to
Friday. We are looking for a hard worker who is computer literate and has a good
telephone manner.

D Data Analyst
As a Data Analyst you will join a team that analyses research data for anomalies and
presents findings to people within and outside the company. A graduate with an eye
for detail and a love of working with figures would be ideal. Confident
communications skills are also vital. If you enjoy problem solving, have an
investigative and enquiring mind, have a good knowledge of word processing and
spreadsheet software, and excellent numerical skills, this could be a great career
opportunity for you.
A great benefits package is available including health cover and gym membership.

E Project Assistant
Reporting to the Project Manager, you will undertake property surveys, site
inspections and attend site meetings to ensure that work undertaken by our
contractors is being carried out properly. You must have initiative, as you will be
required to work on your own. It is essential that you have your own transportation.
An allowance will be provided. Candidates should have: Good keyboard and IT
skills, an organised and methodical approach, good written and verbal
communication skills.
REQUIREMENTS
* Minimum 2-year Construction related qualification.
* Minimum of two year's relevant experience or transferrable skills from a relevant
background.

 Which job(s):
1. requires applicants to have their own car?
2. does not require applicants to have IT skills?
3. is temporary?
4. is part-time?
5. is located abroad?  
6. offers people the chance of promotion?
7. is suitable for a mathematician?
8. requires the employee to work alone?
9. does not involve working with people?
10. gives employees the opportunity to earn more by making sales?
11. gives employees the opportunity to earn more by working extra hours?
12. requires experience in the building trade?
13. offers perks (пільги)?
14. requires the employee to make presentations?