Practical Research 1 Midterm Activities

Name: Jay C. Sempron

ACTIVITY # 1. A. From the given list below, which is not a characteristic of quantitative research? Put a
 on the space before the item.
☹ A Structured research instrument is used to gather data
___ Data is collected after carefully designing all aspects of the study
___Researcher generates theory after data is collected
___Can be descriptive or experimental-
☹ Examines the breadth and depth of a phenomena to learn more about them
☹ Data are organized into themes
☹ Data are analyzed through the use of statistical tools
___ Informal narrative report
☹ Can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future or investigate relationships
☹ Subjective
☹ Exploratory

B. Give a situation/scenario that will show the importance of quantitative research.

Does Psoas Muscle Size (PMS) predict the need for extra respiratory support after surgery in patients
undergoing laparotomy for an “acute abdominal emergency”

Respiratory muscle strength predicts the need for extra respiratory (breathing) support after
abdominal surgery that has to be provided in a High Dependency (HDU) or Intensive Care Unit (ITU). If
respiratory muscle strength can be assessed before the operation, better post-operative care can be
planned. This is professionally accepted.

Recent work shows that respiratory muscle strength correlates closely with the size of the psoas
muscle (PMS), a muscle in our abdomen that can be measured on CT scans that patients with acute
abdominal pain have as a routine part of diagnosis.

A medically qualified surgical doctor, working on the surgical unit as a trainee, wants to undertake a
study. This involves no patient contact but retrospective review of CT scans to measure PMS and
patient notes to determine if they needed to go to HDU or ITU for respiratory support after their
operation. Statistical analysis indicates 450 cases are needed so notes for the last 5 years will be
studied.
PRE – TESTING HOW MUCH I KNOW

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE USING THE FOLLOWING GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the quantitative method of research.
It emphasizes objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis
of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing
statistical data using computational techniques.
2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
It focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain
a particular phenomenon.
3. Give the 2 main types of quantitative research and explain each.
Descriptive-Is defined as giving details or something that describes. An example of
descriptive is someone giving a very detailed account of an experience they had
a descriptive person.
Experimental research- Is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design. It
includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that
can be measured, calculated and compared.
4. Cite at least 3 things that must be considered when reporting results of a quantitative study?
Highly Reliable Outcome, Reusable Outcome and Close-ended questions.
5. What are the four types of quantitative research approach? Describe each.
Observational- It is a qualitative research technique where researchers observe participants'
ongoing behavior in a natural situation. In other words, researchers can capture data on what
participants do as opposed to what they say they do.
Experimental- It is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design. It includes a
hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be
measured, calculated and compared.
Simulation- It is a computer model in which experiments can be conducted, creating a higher
level of completeness than a normal experiment. Simulation models can assist in both complex
and simple experiments, and they can be used with almost any social process.
Derived- Compiled data involves using existing data points, often from different data sources, to
create new data through some sort of transformation, such as an arithmetic formula or
aggregation.
6. What is a variable? Enumerate the types of variables used in a quantitative research.
A variable in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying
to measure in some way.
  Demographic Variables. Social workers are often interested in what we call demographic
variables
 Independent and Dependent Variables
 Categorical Variables
 Ordinal Variables
 Interval Variables
 The Special Case of Income
 The Special Case of Age
 Alphanumeric Variables

7. What makes quantitative research important to the society?

The strength of quantitative methods is that they can provide vital information about a society or
community, through surveys, examination or records or censuses that no individual could obtain
by observation.

ASSESSING CONTEN
Topical Summative Test

I. Instruction: Identify the kind of quantitative researched used. Put your answer
on the space provided.
1. The relationship between intelligence and self-esteem Causal-Comparative
2. The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer Causal-Comparative
3. A description of the kinds of physical activities that typically occur in nursing homes, and how frequently each
occurs Descriptive
4. The effect of taking multivitamins on a students’ school absenteeism Causal-Comparative
5. The effect of a systematic preparation and support system on children who were scheduled for surgery on the
amount of psychological upset and cooperation Causal-Comparative
6. The covariance of smoking and lung disease Experimental research
II. Instruction: Identify the variables (dependent and independent) given in each research
topic below. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. A research study on the effect of the pellets feed to prawn cultured in a pond to their
(prawn) survival rate
Dependent
2. A research study on the job satisfaction of staff nurses in government and private
hospitals in Tagbilaran City
Independent
3. A research study on the relationship between social media usage and reading
comprehension.
Independent

III. Instruction: On the space before each item, write LIKE if the statement is true about
quantitative research; otherwise, underline the word/phrase that makes it false.
LIKE 1. Data is numerical in nature
2. Results can be generalized and used to determine causality of events
3. Data are collected through interviews.
LIKE 4. A theory is identified after the data is collected
LIKE 5. Highly subjective
LIKE 6. Data is analyzed through the use of statistical tools

IV. Instruction: Evaluate the research problem below. Explain how the importance of
quantitative research approach is being shown.
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many lost their jobs. This has led to more people suffering from
depression and anxiety. A research is conducted to describe the emotional aspect of the
population of Tagbilaran City. A sample of 1000 employees from private companies are
surveyed using a standardized instrument for self-reported indication of anxiety.
Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide   is a stress management
guide for coping with adversity. The guide aims to equip people with practical skills to
help cope with stress. A few minutes each day are enough to practice the self-help
techniques. The guide can be used alone or with the accompanying audio exercises.
GENERALIZING CONCEPTS

POST-TESTING HOW MUCH DID I LEARN:

1. Describe the quantitative method of research.

It emphasizes objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis
of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing
statistical data using computational techniques.

2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?

It focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain
a particular phenomenon.

3. Give the 2 main types of quantitative research and explain each.

Causal-comparative- It seeks to establish a cause-effect relationship between two or more
variables.
Correlational research- is a type of non-experimental research method in which a researcher
measures two variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship between them
with no influence from any extraneous variable.

4. Cite at least 3 things that must be considered when reporting results of a quantitative study?
Highly Reliable Outcome, Reusable Outcome and Close-ended questions.

5. What are the four types of quantitative research approach? Describe each.
Observational- It is a qualitative research technique where researchers observe participants'
ongoing behavior in a natural situation. In other words, researchers can capture data on what
participants do as opposed to what they say they do.
Experimental- It is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design. It includes a
hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be
measured, calculated and compared.
Simulation- It is a computer model in which experiments can be conducted, creating a higher
level of completeness than a normal experiment. Simulation models can assist in both complex
and simple experiments, and they can be used with almost any social process.
Derived- Compiled data involves using existing data points, often from different data sources, to
create new data through some sort of transformation, such as an arithmetic formula or
aggregation.

6. What is a variable? Enumerate the types of variables used in a quantitative research.

A variable in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying
to measure in some way.
 Demographic Variables. Social workers are often interested in what we call demographic
variables
 Independent and Dependent Variables
 Categorical Variables
 Ordinal Variables
 Interval Variables
 The Special Case of Income
 The Special Case of Age
 Alphanumeric Variables

7. What makes quantitative research important to the society?

The strength of quantitative methods is that they can provide vital information about a society or
community, through surveys, examination or records or censuses that no individual could obtain
by observation.