JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 19, 2020

SMART WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

BASED ON IOT
1 2 4
Mohd Tarik , Md Saif Malik , Pinki Yadav3, Hussain Muzzaffar , Gaurav Nagar5
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering of Technology, Greater Noida
(U.P.), India-201306
Received: 14 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 8 July 2020
ABSTRACT : Water, the foremost crucial contingents of lifeforms. Pollution is the most important fears for
the green globalization. Therefore, the safe supply of beverage and use water for various purposes like
agriculture, the water should be monitored. The system is meant so as to watch the standard of water using
internet of things (IoT) to see its containment and confirm to eradicate its impurities. This article presents low
costs system for time monitoring of water quality system. we've used several sensors during this system for
monitoring. The sensors are Temperature, pH, Turbidity, etc. The temperature sensor detects the degree of
hotness and coldness of the water. The Arduino Uno model is often used as a controller. The measured value of
the sensor is processed by the controller. Finally, the sensor data are often shown on IoT based system. The
information then received is employed within the purification of impure water through IoT functioning.
KEYWORDS: Internet of Things, Température Sensor, Turbidity Sensor, Flow Sensor, pH Sensor, Arduino
Uno Model, Ultrasonic Sensor, Real-time Systems
I. INTRODUCTION
Water is the most significant overabundant compound of the earth. Water is life, no life can lie without water.
Water is used in different sectors like domestic, agriculture and industry [1-3]. In the meantime the drink is
much appreciated by everyone. In recent times very low water levels and water within the ponds have occurred.
It is therefore of the utmost importance to seek a response to water and system monitoring. IoT can be the
solution. In recent days, advances in computer and electronic technology have created the IoT technology. The
IoT is always defined because of a network of electronic devices to communicate with each other with the help
of an administrator. IoT can be a collection of devices that rent together to help people work efficiently. It
includes computational power to send data about a location. These tools typically perform sensor type,
instrumentation, implanted systems, and analysis of data with microchips. In this article represents the design
and production of a lower cost monitoring system, which is likely results of water and quality of water
expenditure. Sensors and Microcontroller are used in a system. The „Ultrasonic Sensor‟ can employed in
determining the water level. Conflicting parameters such as Température, pH, and water Turbidity are often
observed using the corresponding linear sensors. This process uses a flow sensor that can compute the flow of
water and when required amount of water flows through the pipes, then the flow of water is usually automatic.
Target values from sensors are typically handled by the microcontroller and downloaded to the web via. Wi-fi
module (ESP8266). For enquiry we will treat this processes, what part of the water is used at a particular time,
day or month. Alters message and sensor generated data are transmitted to the web on a cloud server and may
be accessed by non-users. The most commonly found sensory information is displayed on the web and provides
display locations through a mobile phone or web application.
The authors [4-6] discussed an smart water monitoring system based on IoT that determine water quality in
real-time. The model has taken into account the fact that water quality is usually a factor when flooding
exclusively in tragedy areas. Ultrasonic Sensor is used to invoke a specified factor and when, the water level
reaches the parameters, the signal should be transmitted while on a social network such as Twitter.
The author and co-workers [7] suggested that in recent times, the best growth through the Web of things is seen
in smart homes. A vast variability of alternative IoT systems often create collaborative that needs to be
achieved. The IoT techniques is delivered using wireless determining policies. It is proposed to establish
facilities that use Forum-Condition-Action (ECA) to resolve in-house IoT management in smart homes. The
creation of a functional architecture, developed by advanced data warehouses that store IoTs schema data, has
been the ultimate solution for determining interoperability in smart homes.
This article suggested that the quality of the drink should be monitored in real-time. During the paper, we
introduce the designs and implementation of a standard system for monitoring real-time IoT water quality. The
system contains many sensors that cannot measure water and chemical parameters [8].

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Saima Maqbool and Nidhi Chandra (2013)[9] shows how to monitor the „water quality of water systems‟ such
as rivers, ground water and livestock slightly. It‟s also showed how to handling the pump performance
automatically and remotely. It is often far more likely to remotely monitor affected areas such as floods without
the information and information that is usually sent to the mobile. this method is intended to monitor water
quality with the comfort of water level sensors.
Water pollution and shortage of water are globally problems, requiring ongoing policy change to guide
international water resources at specific wells. It has been studied that pollution is the prominent definition of
disease worldwide. Records display that over thousands people die everyday in worldwide. In India, 500+
people die from complications associated with daily pollution. Studies have shown that after a few years the
amount of auxiliary water will decrease. In several developed countries, wastewater is not used for drinking
purpose. The explanations for this often due to management and public ignorance and hence the deficiency of
water quality monitoring system that indicates universal issues. And environmental impacts like algae tints,
volcanoes, and earthquakes are also changing the environment and water [10].
II. PROJECTED SYSTEM

2.1 System Overview

This water quality monitoring system contains of Arduino uno, microcontroller, and different types of sensors
such as water sensor, flow sensor, pH sensor, turbidity sensor and ultrasonic sensor. Among all the sensors,
Arduino plays a serious role because it is that the professor of this system which controls and processes the
information produced by the sensor as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Smart water monitoring system

The Wi-fi module is linked to an Arduino uno model that helps transmit data to cloud through the web.
Ultrasonic sensitivity aids you to maintain a water level when the flow of water reaches a level where the flow
of water is usually stopped certainly by turning off the motor or shutting off the flow of water through the pipe
with the help of Arduino uno model. The flow sensor measures the amount of water flowing through the
pipeline at a given time interval, this informations will be dispatched to the cloud for storage and probe
purposes. The other temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor calculate water quality and help to find
out whether water is beneficial for drinking purpose and agricultural purposes.
2.2 System Architecture
The projected system has several components that assist to create a water quality monitoring system. The
important component of the system of smart household automation is :

 Sensors: A sensor can be a tool that senses and responds to a specific input from a virtual atmosphere.
Sensor sensitivity indicates which part of the sensor output is when the input value is measured. Various sensors
are used as temperature, pH, turbidity and ultrasonic sensors that investigate to changes in eco-friendly
conditions.

 Ultrasonic Sensor: Transmitters transfer the signal into ultrasound, receivers transmit ultrasound into
electrical signals, and transceivers are ready to transfer and receive ultrasound. Ultrasonic sensors detect,

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monitor, and adjust liquid levels in closed containers. So it is also called level sensor. This helps to live the
water level [11,12]. An ultrasonic or level sensor uses an equivalent ultrasonic device for adding and receiving.
One oscillator comes out and receives ultrasonic waves differently. this permits the reduction of the sensor
head.

 PH Sensor: The pH sensor is one of the foremost important tools used for water measurements. This
sort of sensor is in a position to live the quantity of alkalinity and acidity in water and other solutions. When
used correctly, pH sensors are ready to make sure the safety and quality of the merchandise and processes that
happen inside contaminated water or during a production container. In most cases, the typical pH value is
represented by a worth starting from 0-14. When an item features a pH value of seven, this is often considered
to be neutral. Elements with a pH value above seven represent higher alkalinity values and substances with a pH
value below seven are believed to be more acidic. It controls on a 5V power supply and it is simple to interface
with Arduino uno. The traditional scale of pH is 7-9.

 Turbidity Sensor: Turbidity sensors compute the amount of scattered light that is present in water.
because the number of suspended solids in the water increases, the water saturation rate increases. Flexibility
can be compute the size of water. The turbidity show the quantity to which water lost Its appearance. it is
considered to be a reliable monitoring of water quality. The turbidity blocks sunlight required by underground
aquatic plants. It can also raise water levels beyond normal due to particles suspended near the surface allow
absorption of heat from the sun.

 Flow Sensor: A flow sensor mainly used to live water drift through a flow sensor as shown in Fig. 2.
Flow sensor mainly consists of a plastic body, a Hall Effect and a rotor sensor. The rotor (pinwheel) revolves
when the water / fluid flows through the pipe and rotor speed directly proportional to the flow. The sensor will
provide electric drive with all pinwheel rotor switches.

Fig. 2 Flow Sensor

 Temperature Sensor: Temperature sensor is an electronic tool that computes the temperature of its
environment and converts input files into electronic data to record monitor or heat exchangers. There are many
various sorts of heat sensors. Temperature sensor displays how the water is hotness or coldness. This
temperature sensor is a digital type that provides a true reading.

 Arduino Uno: Arduino uno is a microcontroller board built on ATmega328P as shown in Fig. 3. It is
fourteen digital input/input pins (6 of which may be used as „PWM‟ output), 6 analog input, 16 MHz quartz,
USB connection, a Power jack, ICSP largest and most reset.

Fig. 3 Arduino Uno

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 Wi-Fi Module: The ESP8266 Wi-fi Module (as shown in Fig. 3) may be a self System-on-chip
(SoC) that contains an integrated Transmission control protocol (TCP) / Internet protocol (IP) protocol that will
provide any microcontroller approach to your WiFi network. Wi-fi module (ESP8266) is in a position to host an
application or reload all Wi-Fi connection activities from another application processor. Each Wi-fi module take
place pre-configured with the AT command firmware. The Wi-fi module is an efficient board with an out sized,
ever expanding community.

Fig. 4 WI-FI Module

III. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Fig. 5 Network Architecture Diagram

IV. FLOW CHART OF PROJECTED WORK

Fig. 6 Block Diagram of Projected System

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V. RESULTS
Four samples of water has selected from the different water sources and all those were examined for reference
boundaries for each of water type.The four type of water selected that were river water, tap water, pond water
and lake water.The different samples were tested simultaneously with different systems at same room
temperature.The readings that were taken in a duration of one hour for a period of twelve hours.The water
sample were collected and tested in a safe managed environment.
5.1 RIVER WATER
The examined sample of water from river water , the pH we got around 7.7 to 8.2. The temperature range
between 20-30 degree celsius and the conductivity range between 55-70 mS/cm.
5.2 TAP WATER
The examined sample of water from tap water, the pH we got around 7.7 to 8.1. The temperature range between
20-30 degree celsius and the conductivity range between 50-60mS/cm.
5.3 POND WATER
The examined sample of water from pond, the pH we got around 7.7 to 7.9. The temperature range between 20-
30 degree celsius and the conductivity range between 70-80mS/cm.
5.4 LAKE WATER
The examined sample of water from Dal Lake, the pH we got around 7.7 to 8.9. The temperature range between
20-30 degree celsius and the conductivity range between 42-45mS/cm.
5.5 SUMMARY BETWEEN TESTED WATER SAMPLES
As we tested the four different water samples, we got the same pH of all the samples but their was a temperature
related variations. The variation occurred in water samples due the concentration of salt in different water is
different. The conductivity is very high in sea water again and lowest in tap water. The summary is given below
in pictorial Table 1.
Table. 1 Summarized Results

VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we present the smart water quality monitoring system supported IoT. During this, we've taken
four different water sources of various quality and tested it within 12 hours at intervals to see the accuracy of
the measurement. The result we get is consistent throughout the research. Further, the relation relationship
between temperature and pH and mobility also is observed in various samples. There's GSM technology that is
additionally commissioned to send the alarms for immediate action of water quality. Further parameter
references are obtained from different water sources to classify and to perform automatic water analysis within
the sort of Neural Network analysis. Now during a nutshell, this technique proved its worth by providing
accurate and steady data within the testing period and integrating IoT platform for real-time monitoring. This
proved to be a superb contender in real-time water monitoring solutions.

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VII. FUTURE SCOPE

 Detects the more constraint for most prominent purpose.

 It increases the constraint by adding of various sensors.
 The sample of water is controlled by interfacing relay.
VIII. REFERENCES
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US ING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PA RAM E TERS, Progressive Research – An International Journal,
Volume 14 (Special) : 341-343, (2019).

[3]. Bansal, J., and Dwivedi, A. K., assessment of ground water quality by using water quality index and
physicochemical parameters: review paper. International journal of engineering sciences & research
technology, 7(2), 170-174 (2018).
[4]. Thinagaran Perumal1, 1Md Nasir Sulaiman, 2Leong.C. Y, "Internet of Things (IoT) Utilizing Water
Monitoring", IEEE 4th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (2015).
[5]. G. J, C. R. Reddy, P. Meher, S. Shrivastava, and G. Kumar, “Smart Water Monitoring System using IoT,”,
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[6]. Chetna Gawade1, Shreya Haveli2, Harshal Attarde3, Nitin Dhawas4, Advanced Water Quality Monitoring
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[7]. Perumal, T. ; Sulaiman, M.N. ; Mustapha, N. ; Shahi, A. ; Thinaharan, R., "Functional properties of
Internet of Things Management (IoTs) in smart homes," Consumer Electronics (GCCE), 3rd IEEE
International Conference on, pp.16,17, 7-10 (2014).
[8]. Vijaykumar, R Ramyas, "Real-time monitoring of water quality in the IoT environment", IEEE sponsored
the 2nd World Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems
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[9]. Saima Maqbool, Nidhi Chandra, "Real Wireless Monitoring and Control of Water Systems using Zigbee
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[10]. Prachet Varma, Akshay Kumar, Nihesh Rathod, Pratik Jain, Mallikarjun S, Renu Subramaniyam,
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World Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) (2013).
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