CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Dialect
Dialect is a language variation or language variety based on geographic factors.
Adisumarto (1992: 23) suggests that the term dialect comes from Greek, namely
dialectos. Dialect or dialectal variation can be defined as a variation of language
based on the user, in other words, dialect is the language used by the user
depending on who the speaker is, where the speaker comes from. There are two
kinds of dialects, namely geographic and sociolecal dialects. Typically, dialect
features depend on the user, namely where the speakers are from or what is the
level of the speaker's social status.1
Chaer and Leonie (2004: 63) state that dialect is a variation of the language of a
relatively large group of speakers who are in a certain place, region, or area.
Kridalaksana (2001: 42) suggests that dialect is a variation of language that
varies according to the user : a variation of the language used by a language group
in a particular place (= regional dialect), or a certain group of a language group (=
social dialect), or by a language group living in a certain time (= temporal dialect).
An example of a regional dialect is Javanese Banyumas dialect, an example of a
social dialect is the language used by drivers, an example of a temporal dialect is
Old Javanese.
Nababan (1991: 4) argues that idiolects that show more similarities with other
idiolects can be classified into a set of categories called dialects. The magnitude of
this equation is due to the geographic proximity, which allows frequent
intercommunication between the idiolect speakers.
Dialect is a group of language speakers who have relatively the same
characteristics by disregarding the special characteristics of each individual
(Adisumarto, 1992: 19). Dialects are associated with geographic areas. The
characteristic of dialects is that speakers of the same dialects of the language still
understand each other. If the dialects are not mutually understood by the speakers,
then the dialects will become independent languages, theoretically if two speakers
from two different groups of society can communicate well even though each uses
1
R Umagandhi, R Sindhuja. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2107. Socio-
Linguistics and language variation.
 their own system. They actually use the same language but have different dialects,
for example the Banyumas use the Banyumas dialect to communicate with the
Surabaya dialect, while the dialect has its own distinct characteristics. If the two
speakers can communicate well, these dialects are still included in the same
language, namely Javanese.
Weijnen (in Ayatrohaedi, 1983: 3) argues that dialect is a linguistic system used
by a society to differentiate it from other neighboring communities that use a
different system even though it is closely related.
Meillet (in Ayatrohaedi, 1983: 3) argues that the main characteristics of dialects
are differences in unity and similarity in differences. It can be interpreted that
different local forms of speech have common characteristics and each is compared
to other utterances and the same language. Every language that is used in a certain
area sooner or later different linguistic elements are formed, such as pronunciation,
grammar, and meaning, and each type uses one special form.
Example: We can say the Banyumas dialect as a dialect because basically this
variation is part of the Javanese language, but has variations in the pronunciation of
certain words or phrases. For example the Banyumas people will say "rare" for "ora
ono" means "nothing", "gutul" for "teko" means "arrived", "rika" for "kowe" means
"you"2
B. Idiolect
Idiolect is a mixture of words used by one person, including peculiarities of
accent, grammar, vocabulary. A dialect is made of idiolects of a group of speakers
in social or regional subdivisions of a speech community. Linguistics frequently
examines own idiolect to create universal statements about language. So the
Idiolect is “an identifiable pattern of speech characteristics of an individual”.3
Idiolek is a person's language. That the language system (idiolek) of each person
shows small or large differences from the idiolects of others. Idiolek can also be
defined by the unique language characteristics of an individual speaker
(characteristics). Even though these idiolects can be classified as one language. So

2
https://www.linguistikid.com/2016/04/pengertian-contoh-bahasa-pidgin-dialek-idiolek-pidgin-creol.

3
http://digilib.unimus.ac.id/files/disk1/103/jtptunimus-gdl-ardhimawar-5147-3.
idiotically one person to another will undoubtedly characterize little or much
difference.
Idiolect is a speech that arises and is only used by someone who may be
different from other people so that it becomes a characteristic of that person. These
ideas are influenced by the background of the speakers. Example: People with a
high educational background or academics will often say "perspective" when he
speaks, and the word or phrase arises because of his habit of using that word.