LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #24
Doing Math in Iran

CONTENTS
2 Persian
2 English
3 Romanization
3 Vocabulary
4 Sample Sentences
5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
5 Grammar
10 Cultural Insight

# 24
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 ‫‪PERSIAN‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن ‪,‬ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎی )ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺎی( رﯾﺎﺿﯿﻢ رو)را( ﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﯽ؟‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺰده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﭼﻬﻞ ﻧﻪ ﺳﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫آه‪ ,‬ﺑﺎز اﺷﺘﺒﺎه ﮐﺮدم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎه ﻣﻨﻬﺎی ﺳﯽ و دو ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﻫﯿﺠﺪه‪ .‬اﯾﻦ درﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫)درﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺪر دوازده ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﺳﯽ و ﺷﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫)ﺷﺶ(‪.‬آﻓﺮﯾﻦ!‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺰده )ﭘﺎﻧﺰده( ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد(‪ ....‬اﯾﻨﻮ)اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫را( ﺟﺎ اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﯽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺰده )ﭘﺎﻧﺰده( ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد(‪ ...‬ﭘﻨﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬

‫آﻓﺮﯾﻦ و ﺷﺼﺖ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﺎه ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﺳﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.8‬‬

‫‪ENGLISH‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪SIMA:‬‬ ‫?‪Mom, can you check my math exercises‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪SHIRIN‬‬ ‫‪13 plus 27 is 40, not 30.‬‬

‫‪HEDAYAT:‬‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪SIMA:‬‬ ‫‪Ah, I made a mistake again.‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪SHIRIN‬‬ ‫‪50 minus 32 is 18. It's correct.‬‬

‫‪HEDAYAT:‬‬

‫‪CONT'D OVER‬‬

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5. SHIRIN 3 multiplied by 12 is 36. Bravo!
HEDAYAT:

6. SHIRIN 75 divided by 15 is.... You've missed this.

HEDAYAT:

7. SIMA: 75 divided by 15 is....5.

8. SHIRIN Well done! And 60% of 50 is 30.

HEDAYAT:

ROMANIZATION

1. SIMAA: maamaan, tamrin haay-e riyaazim ro(raa) check mikoni?

2. SHIRIN sizdah be alaaveh-ye bist-o haft misheh (mishavad) chehel na si.

HEDAAYAT:

3. SIMAA: ah, baaz eshtebaah kardam.

4. SHIRIN panjaah menhaay-e si o do misheh (mishavad) hijdah, in dorosteh

HEDAAYAT: (dorost ast).

5. SHIRIN seh zarbdar davaazdah misheh (mishavad) si-o shish (shesh)

HEDAAYAT: aafarin.

6. SHIRIN haftaad o panj taghsim bar poonzdah (paanzdah) misheh

HEDAAYAT: (mishavad)..... ino (in raa) jaa andaakhti.

7. SIMAA: haftaad o panj taghsim bar poonzdah (paanzdah) misheh

(mishavad) panj.

8. SHIRIN aafarin! va shast dar sad-e panjaah misheh (mishavad) si.

HEDAAYAT:

VOCABULARY
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 Persian Romanization English Class

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ tamirin exercise noun

‫درﺳﺖ‬ dorost correct adjective

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ menhaa minus noun

‫ﺿﺮب در‬ zarb dar multiplied by phrase

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه‬ beh a'laaveh plus conjunction

‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ‬ taghsim bar divided by phrase

(‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬ misheh (mishavad) is verb

‫درﺻﺪ‬ darsad percent compound noun

‫اﺷﺘﺒﺎه ﮐﺮدن‬ eshtebaah kardan to make a mistake verb

‫آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬ aafarin well done, bravo interjection

SAMPLE SENTENCES

.‫اﻣﺮوز ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮ دارﯾﻢ‬ .‫اﯾﻦ ﺣﺮف درﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

emrooz tamrin-e te'aatr daarim. in harf dorost nist.

Today, we have play rehearsal. This is not correct.

.‫ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎی دو ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﭘﻨﺞ‬ .‫ﻧﻪ ﺿﺮب در ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺷﺼﺖ و ﺳﻪ‬
haft menhaay-e do mishavad panj. noh zarb dar haft mishavad shast-o seh.

Seven minus two is five. Nine multiplied by seven is sixty-three.

(‫ﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺳﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
.(‫ﺷﯿﺶ )ﺷﺶ‬ .‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
seh beh a'laave-ye seh misheh (mishavad) shish bist-o chehaar taghsim bar seh baraabar ast baa
(shesh). hasht.

Three plus three is six. Twenty-four divided by three equals eight.

.‫ﭼﻬﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎی ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺳﯽ و دو‬ .‫ﺻﺪ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﻢ‬

chehel menhaay-e hasht mishavad si-yo do. sad darsad movaafegham.

Forty minus eight is thirty-two. I agree 100 percent.

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 .‫ﺗﺎ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه ﻧﮑﻨﯽ ﯾﺎد ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﯿﺮی‬ !‫آﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮ‬
taa eshtebehaah nakoni yaad nemigiri. afarin beh to!

If you don't make mistakes, you won't learn. Hats off to you!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

‫آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬
aafarin
"well done, bravo, good job"

This is a complement to encourage someone who has achieved something good, especially
for students and their academic achievements. To mean "very well done" you can combine
two words ‫ ﺻﺪ‬sad ("one hundred") + ‫ آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬aafarin (" Well done" / "Bravo")= ‫ ﺻﺪ آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬sad
aafarin and it literally means "one hundred bravos."

It's a fairly informal interjection, but you might hear it in a formal setting too. Probably the
speaker is being humorous or sarcastic. You can tell by paying attention to the context or the
speaker's tone.

For example:

1. !‫ آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬،‫ﺗﻮ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻗﺒﻮل ﺷﺪی‬

too emtehaana ghabool shodi, aafarin!
"You passed the exam, well done!"

‫در ﺻﺪ‬
darsad
"percent, percentage"

This is a compound noun made of ‫ در‬dar ("in" or "per") and ‫( ﺻﺪ‬sad), meaning "hundred" or
"cent." It is a part-by-part translation of its English equivalent.

For example:

1. !‫ﺻﺪ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﻢ‬

sad darsad movaafegham.
"I agree one hundred percent!"

GRAMMAR

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The Focus Of This Lesson Is Simple math in Persian

.‫ﺳﯿﺰده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﭼﻬﻞ ﻧﻪ ﺳﯽ‬

sizdah be alaaveh-ye bist-o haft misheh (mishavad) chehel na si.
"13 plus 27 is 40, not 30. "

In this lesson, we will learn about

1. The most important words and phrases for talking about Math in Persian

1. The most important words and phrases for talking about Math in Persian

Let's jump right into the vocabulary and basic math expressions.

The four main operations are

1. ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
jam'
"addition"

2. ‫ﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ‬
tafrigh
"subtraction"

3. ‫ﺿﺮب‬
zarb
"multiplication"

4. ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
taghsim
"division"

Subsequently, the relevant verbs are

1. ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﮐﺮدن‬
jam'
"to add"

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2. ‫ﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺮدن‬
tafrigh
"to subtract"

3. ‫ﺿﺮب ﮐﺮدن‬
zarb
"to multiply"

4. ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدن‬
taghsim
"to divide"

Here are some relevant phrases and words.

Persian Romanization English

‫ ﺑﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬/‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه‬ beh alaaveh/ beh ezaafeh "plus"

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ menhaa "minus"

‫ﺿﺮب در‬ zarb dar "multiplied by"

‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ‬ taghsim bar "divided by"

‫و‬ Va or o (colloquial version) "and"

‫ﺗﺎ‬ taa "times"

‫ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮدن‬ kam kardan "take away"

‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬ mishavad "is"

‫ﻣﺴﺎوی اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬/‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ baraabar/ mosaavi ast baa "equals"

‫درﺻﺪ‬ dar sad "percent, percentage"

‫و‬ O "point" (decimal separator)

‫دﻫﻢ‬ dahom "tenth"

‫ﺻﺪم‬ sadom "centesimal" or "hundredth"

‫ﻫﺰارم‬ hezarom "thousandth"

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After ‫ ﺑﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬/‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه‬beh alaaveh/ beh ezaafeh ("plus") and ‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬menhaa ("minus"), we need
ezaafeh, meaning "and," to ease the pronunciation of the words which end in letters ‫ه‬, heh do
cheshm, and ‫ا‬, (alef) ‫ی‬, (ye). But as you already know, in informal writing we can omit ‫ی‬, ye
after words ending in letter ‫ ه‬he.

1. .‫دو ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﻧﻪ‬

do beh alaave-ye do misheh (mishavad) noh
"Two plus seven is nine."

2. .‫ﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎی ﺳﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﻫﻔﺖ‬

si menhaa-ye seh misheh (mishavad) bist-o haft.
"Thirty minus three is twenty seven."

As in English, there are certain written and colloquial forms. They are included in the table
above.

1. .‫دو و ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ‬

do-o panj (instead of do va panj) mishe (mishavad) haft.
"Two and five is seven."

2. .‫دو دوﺗﺎ ﻤﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﭼﻬﺎر‬

Do dot-taa misheh (mishvad) chaahaar.
"Two times two is four."

Here are some examples for decimal numbers.

1. .‫ﯾﮏ و ﭼﻬﺎر دﻫﻢ‬

yek-o chaahaar dahom
"One point four (1.4)."

2. .‫ﭘﻨﺞ و ﻧﯿﻢ‬
panj-o nim
"Five point five (5.5)."
Take note of using ‫ ﻧﯿﻢ‬nim ("half") instead of ‫ ﭘﻨﺞ دﻫﻢ‬panj dahom. For decimal
numbers, we do not use ‫ﭘﻨﺞ دﻫﻢ‬, panj dahom.

3. .‫دو و ﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺻﺪم‬

do-o si-yo panj sadam
"Two point thirty-five (2.35)."

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4. .‫ﻫﻔﺖ و ﭼﻬﻞ و ﺳﻪ ﻫﺰارم‬
haft-o chehel-o seh hezaarom
"Seven point zero four three (7.043)."

Sample sentences

1. .‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﯽ و ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( دو‬

Haftaad taghsim bar si-o panj misheh (mishavad) do.
"Seventy divided by thirty-five is two."

2. .‫ﻧﻮد و ﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺳﻪ ﻣﺴﺎوی اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮد و ﻧﻪ‬

Navad-o shesh beh alaave-ye seh mosaavi ast baa navad-o noh.
"96 plus 3 equals 99."

3. .‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ درﺻﺪ ﭽﻬﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ‬

Bist darsad-e chehel baraabar ast baa hasht.
"20% of 40 equals 8."

Examples from the dialogue

1. .(‫ اﯾﻦ درﺳﺘﻪ)درﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎه ﻣﻨﻬﺎی ﺳﯽ و دو ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﻫﯿﺠﺪه‬

panjaah menhaay-e si o do misheh (mishavad) hijdah, in dorosteh (dorost ast).
"50 minus 32 is 18. It's correct."

2. !‫آﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬.(‫ﺳﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺪر دوازده ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﺳﯽ و ﺷﯿﺶ )ﺷﺶ‬

seh zarbdar davaazdah misheh (mishavad) si-o shish (shesh) aafarin.
"3 multiplied by 12 is 36. Bravo!"

Sample Sentences

1. .‫دوازده ﻣﻨﻬﺎی ﺳﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ﻧﻪ‬

davaazdah menhaay-e seh misheh (mishavad) noh.
"12 minus 3 is 9."

2. .‫ﺳﯿﺰده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﭽﻬﺎر ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻔﺪه‬

sizdah beh alaave-ye chaahaar baraabar ast baa hefdah.
"13 plus 4 equals 17."

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3. .‫ﺳﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ )ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد( ده‬
si taghsim bar seh misheh (mishavad) dah.
"30 divided by 3 is 10."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Mathematics

The word "algebra" comes from the Arabic word Al-jibr, which means "reunion of broken
parts." This part of math is as old as ancient Babylonia. The name of this field of mathematics
comes from a book written by an Iranian mathematician, Khwarizmi, who also founded the
discipline of Algebra.

Another Persian mathematician, Omar Khayyam, is famous for his work on algebraic
geometry. He found the general geometric solution of the cubic equation. Tousi and Karaji
are other Iranian mathematicians who did fundamental work in this field.

Useful expression

1. ‫ﺟﺒﺮ‬
jabr
"Algebra"

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