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Lecture 1-2 - Electrochemistry - Balancing Redox (Acidic)
Lecture 1-2 - Electrochemistry - Balancing Redox (Acidic)
Lecture 1-2 - Electrochemistry - Balancing Redox (Acidic)
David A. Agbayani
0 0 +2 -2
2Mg (s) O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
Rule #1 Rule #1 Rule #6 Rule #3
Redox Reactions
• If we are given a chemical equation, how do
we know which chemical species underwent
oxidation and reduction? numbers!
e a s s ig n ox i d ation
W
0 0 +2 -2
2Mg (s) O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
0 0 +2 -2
2Mg (s) O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
There is an excess of
7 O atoms on the left
22−− 3+¿+7
3+¿ H2 O ¿
side, so we add C r 22O
O 77 →
→ 2
2CCrr ¿
7 H2O on the right side.
Balancing Redox Reactions
3. Balance each half-reaction.
c) H atoms: add H+
e, s o
No H on either sid +
.
3+¿¿ no need to add H
2 +¿ → Fe ¿
Fe
3+ ¿+ 7 H2 O¿
2− 2− 3+¿+7 H2 O ¿
+¿ → 2 Cr
C r 2 OC7 r 2 +14
O7 →H 2 C r
There is an excess of
14 H atoms on the right
side, so we add
14 H+ on the left side.
Balancing Redox Reactions
3. Balance each half-reaction.
c) H atoms: add H+ l
Determine the tota
ide of
d) Charge: add electrons (e-) charge on either s
the equation.
3+¿¿ 3+¿ + 𝑒− ¿
22 →→
+¿+¿ Fe Fe¿
F
Fee
¿
+2 +3 -1
+2
Since the righ
t side is
more positive
, we add
one electron o
n th e
right side to b
alance
the charge.
Balancing Redox Reactions
3. Balance each half-reaction. Since the left
side is
more positive
, we add
c) H atoms: add H+ six electrons
on the
left side to ba
lance the
d) Charge: add electrons (e-) charge.
−
3+¿ + 𝑒 ¿
2 +¿ → Fe ¿
Fe 3+
3 ¿+ 7 HH2 2O¿
+¿ +7 O¿
−
2 − 2− → 2 2Cr
+¿+¿→ Cr ¿
6 𝑒 C+ C
r2 O
r O +14
+14
27 7 HH
6(-1) -2 14(+1) 2(+3) 7(0)
+12
+6 +6
Balancing Redox Reactions
4. Add the two half-reactions.
• The electrons on both sides must cancel out.
− −
3+¿ + 𝑒
3+¿¿+ 𝑒 ¿
2 +¿ →
2+¿ → Fe
F e ¿
FF
6 ( ee − 3+ ¿+ 7 H2 O¿
¿
2− +¿+6 𝑒 → 2C r ¿
C r 2 O7 +14 H
3 +¿ + 7 H O¿
2
3 +¿ + 2 C r ¿
2− +¿ → 6 Fe
2+ ¿+ C r 2 O 7 + 14 H
¿
¿
6Fe
Balancing Redox Reactions
4. Add the two half-reactions.
• The electrons on both sides must cancel.
5. Verify.
• Atomically and electrically balanced.
3 +¿ + 7 H O¿
2
3 +¿ + 2 C r ¿
2− +¿ → 6 Fe
2+¿+ C r 2O 7 + 14 H
¿
¿
6Fe
Fe: 6 6
: 2 2
: 7
7
:
14 14
:
6 × (+2) + (-2) + 14 × (+1) 6 × (+3) + 2 × (+3) + 7 × (0)
24 24
Examples
• Balance the following equation for the
reaction in an acidic medium.
2
Fe MnO 4 Fe 3 Mn 2