1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engincering by R. Rojas Jr 0.11458 +0.6458x =0.14x x= 0.04116 pu 4 Miumination 735, POINT BY POINT METHOD (two-dimensional plane) Laws on illumination: The illumination is directly proportional to the luminous intensity of the light imination varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source 2. The illumination varies directly as the cosine of the angle between the normal to the surface and the direction of the incident ight. Incident light \7 s {0 = angle between the incident ray and the normal line also called angle idence lumen output ofthe lamp7361001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. foot-candie | candela foot lux _eandela meter phot ‘candela | centimeter POINT BY POINT METHOD (three-dimensional plane) 1 Ep= cose Pm oe d Ep d= yx? +y? +27 4 Pe - : aliases a ® tay! where: x= length y= width 2 = elevation of the lamp from the x-y plane ILLUMINATION FROM MORE THAN ONE LIGHT SOURCES Bett, rey tiny where: pr, E:2, Eqs = llluminations given by lamps 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Mlumination 737 WALUE OF MOUNTING HEIGHT “h” TO GIVE MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION ON A POINT (P) LOCATED “s” BISTANCE FROM A POINT BIRECTLY BELOW IT. TONAL CAVITY OF AVERAGE ILLUMINATION METHOD a < - @xNxCuxDt BR where: Einus!= illumination when the installation is new Enacdsned = average of maintained illumination N= number of lamps ‘Cu = coefficient of utilization Df = depreciation or maintenance factor ‘© = lumen output per lamp A= surface area illuminated the Electrical Engg are always given Note: The values of Cu and738 _1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Problem 905: EE Board April 1992 ‘A piece of paper lies on a table 2 m away from a point directly below a bulb of 400 cd and is 4 m. above the table. Calculate the illumination on the center of the paper in lux. Problem 906: ‘An unshaded lamp is 6 m above a table. It is lowered down by 2 m. By how ‘much isthe illumination on the table increased? A. 20times B. 2.25 times C. 2.50 times D. None of these Problem 907: EE Board April 1999 ‘Amedium unshaded lamp hangs 8 m directly above, the table. To what distance should it be lowered to increase the illumination to 4.45 times its former value? A. 402m B. 386m C. 379m D. 421m Problem 908: ‘An unshaded lamp is placed 95 cm from the screen of a photometer. fa glass is placed between the screen and the lamp, the lamp must be moved 5 cm closer to. the screen to produce the same illumination as before. The glass blocks what percent ofthe light produced by the lamp? A 11.5% B. 102% C. 12.4% D. 9:08% tes IFE Problem 909: EE Board April 1994 ‘A fioodlight emitting 25,000 candelas in the center of its beam is aimed at 60° to € point on the ground 20 meters away. The illumination of the point in luxis D. 625 Problem 9x0: ‘An unknown lamp placed 6 m from a photometer screen provides the same illumination as a 90-cd lamp placed 4 m from the screen, What is the candlepower of the unknown lamp? A. 202.504 B. 215.200 C. 214.6 ed D. 208.4 ed Problem 911: ‘Two lamps A and B having intensities of 300 cp and 500 cp respectively are situated 12 ft apart. A screen is placed between them in order that the illuminations ‘on any sides are equal. How much is ths illumination? Problem 912: EE Board April 1985, A light is to be placed on a wall in order to obtait iumination. To achieve this brightness, how high on the placed to a point on the floor that is 3.6 m from the wall? ‘maximum brightness of I should this light bulb be A. 254m B. 225m C. 208m D. 2.86 ma Problem 913: ‘Two lamps x and y are hanged at a distance of 20 feet between their centers ‘and 10 feet above the working surface. Lamp x gives 140 cp while lamp y gives 230 6p. At what distance from a point directly below lamp A on the fine joining their centers will he two lamps give equal amount of illumination? A. 822% B. B3aft C. 8.05 ft D. a72ftProblem 915: EE Board October 1991 A lamp of 500 cd is placed at the center of a room, 20 m x 10 mx 5m. Calculate the illumination in each comer of the floor. tux D. 0.98 tux Problem 9x6: Four lamps are suspended 6 m above the ground at the comers of a lawn 4 m. ‘on each side. If each lamp emits 250 cd, calculate the illumination at the center of the lawn. Problem 917: EE Board October 1991 ‘A lamp of 500 od power is placed at the center of a room, 20 m x 10 m x5 m. Calculate the illumination in a point in the middle of a 10 m wall at a height of 2 m {rom the floor. factor is 90%. Determine the number of luminaires needed ifthe size of the room is 120 m?. A 8 c. D. Test 25741 Proteus 910: EE Beard October 1993 the ao he unp bs Problem 921: EE Board April 1993 ‘A room 20 m x 10 m is to be illuminated by eight lamps and the average illumination is to be 50 lumens per square meter. Ifthe utilization factor is 0.48 and ‘depreciation factor 1.2, calculate the mean spherical power per lamp. iProblem 923: EE Board March 1998 The ilumination ofa room s being designed. The data as olows Room length = 30 ft Coefficient of utilization =0.6 Maintenance factor = 70% Required foot-candle = 60 Watts per lamp = 63 Power factor = 75% ‘Lumens per lamp = 3300 Voltage = 220 What is the total current of the lamp required to satisfy the requirement? / A 21A B 15A c 7A D. 250 Problem 924: EE Board October 1989 ‘The floor area of-a room is 10 meters by 10 meters. The desired ilu {evel is 150 lux. Assume the coefficient of utilization is 0.51, the maintenan is 0.95 and in the market a fluorescent luminaire provide 1260 lumens output of Determine the number of luminaires needed for the room. ‘A. 2h lamps B. 28 lamps C. 25 lamps D. 26 lamps @ RATING 905. C 909. C 913.8 917.8 921A HH! ys-20 906. B 910. A 914. D 918.A 922. C - Topnotcher 907. C 911. B 915. A 919. D 923. C HH! 1-17 - Passer 908. B 912. A 916. A 920. B 924. D 10-13 - Conditional 0-04 ~ Failed AN Solutions to Test 25743 Solutions to Test 25 Ea: 22447 =20 = tan” ¢ = 20.565" 1 E,-—Leoso a ~() 026 s05- E, = 4472 45x tion vaties Note: If the point concerned Is directly below to the point Inversely as the square of the distance from the light so concerned. fo feypesy f al § ais sis A f be % ary ED Note: The lamp must be lowered to 3:79 m from the top of the table.1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. 1.4081, = 1.2341, 1, = 0.8981, Let: x = percentage of light blocked by the glass x= (1- 0.898) x 100% - x=10.2% |, =202.5¢d He ta P DOMMiOns to: LEstco _ 149. cos =F d d=vx? +h? Eo ge” Geant (x? +h?)° () =1h(3/2)(x? +h?)""2(2h) x? +h? = 3h? ‘Dh? = x? x 2 f= oe we & Bay (2) 2 Substitute x= 3.6: »-(B}s6 2 h=254m 4, = V2 +100 | d, = (20x)? +100 Substitute fe 10 -( a0 \__ x7 +100) fx? 4100) \(20-x)? +100 ) (20-9)? +100746 _ 1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr 440 -( x? +100 (20-1? +100 -( pay Sees +100 (V140 4.992%? + 199.23 = 400—40x +x? +100 0.3023x2 + 40x-360.77 =0 x2 +101.96x-919.627 = 0 Using the quadratic formula: 101.96 x V(101.96)* -4()(-919.627) _ - 101.96 118.635, a 20) 2 x=8.340 31] od? =(1.5)? + (1.5)? +(2.5)” @ = 10.75 d=3278 Center of E,= pond pene 100 E,- (ae E, =28.38hux 2 Note: P sa point in one of the comers of the table fa the lamp is placed at the middle, thus its elevation s 2.5 m. E, ~tcos0 Pde 500_\_25 == (eras fie E, = 0.83lux oP = (2)? +2)? +06)? Enea = 415.14) E pg = 20-56 1Ux Bley 82 Seton lcd atthe mle thst clei 625, = (0.5)? + (10)? d 3 Se 25m = 20m = Sm 10m = Ne@ymty(eu) Me A Mua) ___ 200(120) (cx) —2000(0.9)(0.45) Note: IF 4 i given greater than 1, placed it at the denominator side of the formula. NG ~~ ACafy ) MI748. 1001 Solved Problems in Elect N- N= 29lamps _N(@y(eu) MICA) (Gf) _ 60(80)(12)1.3) Ofeu) — — 1615(0.5) Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. = MUAYGE) _ 50(20)(10)(1.2) _ 3495 iumens. N(u) (0.48) 122 3125 248.679 an 4m 1=249c0. _N@ymsou) a = __MMAD N=63lamps N@y(cuyim.) A N P=Vikef P_ 22653) 150(45)(15) __ MWA) 50(80)(30) © @(6u.)(m.f) ~ 3300(0.6)(0.7) 1 = \ipr * 220(0:75) 1 =7.08A Ey ws Noewimn 180(10)(10) (@V(msjeu) ~ 20(250)(0.8(0.4) = 22lamps: Electrical Power Plant 749 tailrace ‘where: P= theoretical power ofthe water turbine (watt) = volume discharge of water (rs w= specific weight of water (9810 Nim’ = head of water (m) Qwh ree where: Hp, = theoretical horsepower of a waler turbine