UNIT-1

Problems on simple Rankine cycle

1. In a steam power cycle, the steam supply is at 15 bar and dry saturated. The condenser pressure
is 0.4 bar. Calculate the Rankine efficiency. (i) by neglecting pump work (ii) by considering
pump work (iii) specific steam consumption (iv) work ratio
2. In steam turbine steam at 20bar, 350°C is expanded to 0.08bar. If then enters a condenser,
where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump feedback the water into the boiler.
Find per kg of steam, the neat work and cycle efficiency.

Problems on Reheat cycle

3. A steam power plant operates on theoretical reheat cycle. Steam at boiler at 150 bar,550°C
expands through the high pressure turbine. It is reheated at a constant pressure of 40 bar to
550°C and expands through the low pressure turbine to a condenser at 0.1 bar. Draw T-s and
h-s diagrams. Find (i) quality of steam at turbine exhaust (ii) cycle efficiency (iii) steam rate

Problems on Regenerative cycle

4. In regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar and 400°C. steam is bled at 10 bar in
regenerative heating. The exit pressure is 0.8 bar. Neglect pump work determine the efficiency
of the cycle.

Problems on chimney

5. Calculate the mass of flue gases flowing through the chimney when the draught produced is
equal to 1.9 cm of water. Temperature of flue gases is 290 oC and ambient temperature is 20oC.
The flue gases formed /kg of fuel burned are 23kg. Neglect the loss and take the diameter of
chimney as 1.8 m.

6. To provide natural draught a chimney of height 16 m is used. Calculate (i) the draught in mm
of water when the temperature of chimney gases is such that the mass of gases discharged is
maximum (ii) if the temperature of flue gases does not exceed 350oC find air supplied/kg of
fuel, when discharge is maximum. Take ambient temperature as 20oC
7. In a certain boiler installation, a steel chimney of 30 m height produces a natural draught
equivalent to 17.75 mm of water column. The mean temperature of boiler house is 298K and
that of hot gases leaving the chimney is 633K. If boiler uses 1350kg of coal/hr. Calculate (a) air
supplied/kg of coal burnt on the grate (b) draught in terms of column of hot gases (c)flow rate
of hot gases through chimney (d) diameter of chimney at its base
 UNIT-2
Problems on steam nozzle
8. Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is discharged at a pressure
of 2 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what will be final velocity of steam.
Neglect initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction, find the percentage
reduction in final velocity.
9. Steam having pressure of 1.05 bar and 0.95 dryness is expanded through a convergent
divergent nozzle and the pressure of steam leaving the nozzle is 0.85 bar. Find the velocity at
the throat for maximum discharge conditions. Index of expansion may be assumed as 1.135.
calculate mass flow rate of steam through the nozzle.
10. The inlet conditions of steam to a convergent-divergent nozzle is 22 bar, 260 oC. The back
pressure is 4 bar. Assuming frictionless flow up to the throat and nozzle efficiency of 85%.
Determine (a) the flow rate for a throat area of 32.2 cm2 (b) the exit area
11. Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 11 bar enters a convergent-divergent nozzle and leaves at a
pressure of 2 bar. If the flow is adiabatic and frictionless, determine. (a) the exit velocity of
steam (ii) ratio of cross section at exit that at throat. Assume the index of adiabatic expansion to
be 1.135
12. Steam enters a group of nozzles of a steam turbine at 12 bar and 220 oC and leaves at 1.2 bar.
The steam turbine develops 220kW with specific steam consumption of 13.5 kg/kWhr. If the
diameter of nozzles at throat is 7 mm. Calculate number of nozzles.
13. A convergent divergent nozzle is to be designed in which steam initially at 14 bar and 80 oC of
superheat is to be expanded down to a back pressure of 1.05 bar. Determine the necessary
throat and exit diameters of the nozzle for a steam discharge of 500 kg/hr, assuming that
expansion is in thermal equilibrium throughout and friction reheating amounting to 12% of the
total isentropic enthalpy drop to be effective in the divergent part of the nozzle.

Problems on sigle stage impulse turbine

14. In De-laval turbine steam issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 1200m/s. The nozzle angle
is 20o, the mean blade velocity is 400m/s and inlet and outlet blade angles are equal. The mass
of steam flowing through the turbine/hr is 1000kg. Calculate (i) blade angles (ii) relative
velocity of steam entering the blades (iii) tangential force on the blades (iv) power developed
(v) blade efficiency. Take blade velocity coefficient as 0.8
15. A single stage steam turbine is supplied with steam at 5 bar,200 0C at the rate of 50kg/min. It
expands into condenser at a pressure of 0.2 bar. The blade speed is 400 m/s. The nozzle are
 inclined at an angle of 200 to the plane of the wheel and outlet blade angle is 30 0. neglecting
friction losses, determine the power developed, blade efficiency and stage efficiency.
16. A single row impulse turbine develops 132.4 kW at a blade speed 175m/s, using 2 kg of steam
per sec. steam leaves the nozzle at 400 m/s . Velocity coefficient of the blades is 0.9. steam
leaves the turbine blades axially. Determine nozzle angle, blade angles
17. In an impulse turbine the mean diameter of the blades is 1.05m and the speed is 3000rpm. The
nozzle angle is 18o, the ratio of blade speed to steam speed is 0.42 and the relative velocity at
outlet from the blade to that at inlet 0.84. the outlet angle of the blade is to be measured 3 o less
than the inlet angle. The steam flow is 10kg/s. Draw the velocity diagram for the blades and
find (i) Tangential thrust on blades (ii) axial thrust on blades