Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah

CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Conceptual Questions.
Q (1): The given figure shows the speed time graph for a pendulum. Write down…

Q (1) (a): The maximum speed.

Answer:
The maximum speed of the pendulum is 12 m/ sec.
12
10
Q (1) (b): The time at which the maximum speed occurs.
8
Answer:
6
The maximum speed of the pendulum occurred is 0.3 sec. 4
2
Q (2): Can a body at rest be regarded in a state of motion? Give example.
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Answer: Time
Yes! A body at rest may be regarded in a state of motion. For example the passengers
travelling in a bus are in a state of rest with respect to each other but for a third person
standing on roadside the passengers of the bus are in a state of motion.

Q (3): Is the distance covered by a body may be greater than the magnitude of the displacement?
Answer:
If a body does not travel in a straight line then the magnitude of the distance may be
greater than the displacement of the body.

Q (4): Is it possible that displacement is zero but not the distance?

Answer:
Yes it is possible. If a body travels in a circular path or travels in a rectangular path ABCD.
In these cases the displacement is zero as its initial and final points are same. But distance
covered by the body is not zero.

Q (5): Under what conditions displacement is equal to the distance?

Answer:
When a body travels in straight line from point A to point B then the displacement and
distance will be equal.

Q (6): Can a body have acceleration with zero velocity?

Answer:
Yes a body can have acceleration with zero velocity. For example when we threw a ball
vertically upward with some initial velocity then at final point of his flight the final velocity
becomes equal to zero. But at that point acceleration due to gravity is not zero.

Q (7): Can the speed of a body be negative?

Answer:
Speed depends upon the distance travelled and time taken. The time and distance remains
always positive. Thus speed cannot be negative at all.

1
 Physics Notes for Class 9th
By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q (8): Is it possible that the velocity of an object be in direction other than the direction of
acceleration?
Answer:
Yes, it is possible that a body could have velocity opposite to the direction of acceleration.
When we through a body vertically upward then its velocity is in upward direction while
acceleration due to gravity is acting vertically downward .i.e. deceleration.

1 2
Q (9): Is the kinetic equation S = Vit + at true if acceleration is not constant?
2
Answer:
1 2
The equation S = Vit + at is based on constant acceleration.
2
This equation is only for uniform acceleration and not for variable acceleration.

Q (10): By giving an example prove that rest and motion are relative terms?
Answer:
Motion and rest are related terms because a person travelling in a bus is in rest with
respect to his fellow seat, but he is motion with respect to another person standing on the
roadside. So motion and rest are related with each other.

Q (11): Give an example of a moving body which covers a distance, but its displacement is zero.
Answer:
When a body travels in a circular path or travels in a rectangular or triangular path.
In these cases the displacement is zero as its initial and final points are same. But distance
covered by the body is not zero as it has passed through various points.

D C

A B

AB
Initial and final
Initial and final points are same.
points are same.

Q (12): Give an example of an accelerated body moving with uniform speed.

Answer:
When a body travels in a circular path it may be moving with uniform speed and at each
point of speed the body is directed towards the centre of the circle by centripetal
acceleration.

2
 Physics Notes for Class 9th
By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q (13): Is unit km h−1 s−1 is same as km s−1 h−1? Explain!

Answer:
As we know that
A .B = B . A (Commutative law)
Therefore
Km h−1 s−1 = Km s−1 h−1?
In products change of order results no effects. In both cases it represents the unit of
acceleration. So the unit km h−1 s−1 is same as km s−1 h−1.

Q (14): If a bus is travelling eastward, can its acceleration be westward? Explain!

Answer:
Yes it is possible. When the bus is travelling toward east and the velocity of the bus
decreases with the passage of time then the bus is decelerating and thus its acceleration
will be westward.

Q (15): If an object is stationary, is its acceleration necessarily zero?

Answer:
V
Firstly As acceleration a = . For a body in rest V = 0
t
0
Then a = = 0. Thus the acceleration for stationary body is zero.
t
Secondly when we threw a ball vertically upward with some initial velocity then at final
point of his flight the velocity becomes equal to zero. But at that point acceleration due to
gravity is not zero.

Q (16): When the velocity time graph is a straight line parallel to time axis, what can you say about
its acceleration?
Answer:
For a straight line velocity time graph the velocity will remain uniform and for uniform
velocity there is no acceleration.

Q (17): A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 5 m/sec. What will be its speed
when it returns to its starting point?(in the absence of air resistance)
Answer:
In the absence of air resistance there will occur no energy loss and thus the ball will return
with the same initial speed of 5m/sec.

3
 Physics Notes for Class 9th
By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Comprehensive Questions

Q (1): Explain the types of motion with two examples each.

Answer:
There are three types of motion.
Translatory Motion:
The type of motion in which each and avery particle of the body
move as a whole along a straight or curved line is called
translatory motion.e.g. Motion of cars, trains etc.

Rotatory Motion:
The type of motion in which each and every particle of the body
travel around a fixed point is called rotatory motion.
e.g. Motion of wheel, motion of blades of fan etc.

Vibratory Motion:
The to and fro motion of a body about its mean position is called
vibratory motion. e.g. Motion of pendulum, swing etc.

Q (2): Derive the following equations of motion.

Answer:
E B
(1): V f = V i+ at.
Proof:
Let a body moves with some initial velocity Vi
and after time t its velocity changes to Vf. Vf
Now in the figure OA represents its
Velocity
Initial velocity. As OA = Vi ---------- (1).
In figure BC represents its final velocity Vf.
As BC = Vf---------------- (2). A D
In figure we have
BC = BD + DC-------------- (3). Vi
And DC = OA-------------- (4).
Putting the value of equation (4) in equation (3). O
BC = BD + Vi ---------------- (5). Time C
Putting the value of equation (1) and (2) in equation (5).
Vf = BD + Vi -------------------- (6).
As we know that slope of the velocity- time graph is equal to acceleration a.
BD
Slope = a = .
AD
BD = a × AD.
AD = OC = t
So BD = a t-------------------- (7).
Putting the value of equation (7) in equation (6).
Vf = a t + Vi.

4
 Vf = Vi +a t.

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

2nd Method.
Let a body of mass m is moving with average velocity <V> and covers a distance S
in time t. Distance covered by the body is given by
S = <V> t------------------------------------ (1).
Average velocity is equal to
Vf +Vi
<V> = 2
------------------------- (2).
Putting the value of equation (1) in equation (2).

Vf +Vi
S = ( 2 ) t-------------------- (3)
From first equation of motion we have Vf = Vi + a +t.
Putting Vf = Vi +a t in equation (3), we have

Vi+a t+ Vi
S =( )t
2
2Vi+ a t
S =( )t
2
2Vi t +a t 2
S = ( )
2
1
S = Vit + a t 2
2

1 2
(2): S=Vit+ at . E B
2
Proof:
Consider a body is moving with
initial velocity of Vi and covers a distance S
in time interval t.
Distance travelled by the body is equal to Velocity
the space between velocity time graph “AB”
and time axis “OC”, which is equal to the area of the A D
figure OABC.
Distance travelled = Area of the figure OABC…..(1). Vi
We also see that
area of the figure OABC = Area of rectangle OADC + O
Area of triangle ABD…….(2). Time C
Putting equation 2 in equation 1. We have
Distance travelled = Area of rectangle OADC + Area of triangle ABD……(3).
From figure we have
Area of rectangle OADC = OA × OC………..(4).

5
 1 1
And area of triangle ABD = area of rectangle AEBD = {AE ×AD}. As AE= BD so
2 2
1
= {BD ×AD}……………..(5).
2
Now putting equation 4 and equation 5 in equation 3.
1
Distance travelled = [OA ×OC] + [BD ×AD]……………….(6).
2

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Now in the given figure we have

OA = Vi, OC = t, AD= OC = t.
Putting these in equation 6 we have
1
Distance travelled = Vit+ [BD × t]…………….. (7).
2
BD
We also know that slope of AB = Acceleration = =a
AD
So [BD] = a × AD.
BD = a × OC. As AD = OC =t
BD = a × t.
BD = at………….. (8).
Putting equation 8 in equation 7 we have
1
Distance travelled = Vit + [at × t]
2
1 2
S = Vit + at .
2

2nd Method:

Consider a body of mass m is moving with average velocity <v> and covers a
distance “s” in time “t”. Distance covered by the body is S = <v> t…….. (1)
Vi+Vf
Average velocity <v> = …….. (2)
2
Vi+Vf
Putting equation 1 in equation 2, we get S = t…….. (3)
2
Now putting first equation of motion Vf = Vi +at in equation 3, we get

Vi+Vi+at
S= t,
2
2Vi+ at
S= t,
2
2Vit +at 2
S= ,
2
1 2
S = Vit + at
2

6
 Physics Notes for Class 9th
By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics
E B

(3): 2aS = Vf 2−Vi2

Proof:
Consider a body is moving with initial velocity
Vi. Let Vf be the final velocity. Velocity
“S” is its distance covered in time “t”.
Distance travelled by the body is equal to
A D
area of the space between Velocity time graph
“AB” and Time axis “OC”, which is equal to the Vi
Area of the figure OABC called trapezium.
So we have O
Distance travelled = Area of trapezium OABC….. (1) Time C
Now we know that

Area of trapezium =
∑ of∥sides × Height ……… (2)
2
Now in the given figure “OA” and “BC” represents the parallel sides and “OC” represents
height. So equation 2 becomes
[ OA + BC ] ×OC
Area of trapezium OABC = …….. (3)
2
Now in the given figure OA = Vi, BC = Vf, OC = t.
So equation 3 becomes
[ Vi +Vf ] ×t
Area of trapezium OABC = …………… (4)
2
Vf −Vi
From 1st equation of motion we have Vf = Vi + at and t = ……………. (5).
a
Putting equation 5 in equation 4 we get
[ Vi +Vf ] [ Vf −Vi ]
Area of trapezium OABC = ×
2 a
Vf −Vi2 ]2
Area of trapezium OABC =
[
2a

7
2aS = Vf 2−Vi2

2nd Method:

Consider a body is moving with average velocity <V> and covers a distance “S” in time “t”.
Distance covered = S = <V>t……………. (1)
Vi+Vf
<V> = ……………. (2)
2
Putting equation 2 in equation 1 we get
Vi+Vf
S= × t………. (3)
2
Vf −Vi
From 1st equation of motion we have Vf = Vi +at and t = t = …………. (4)
a
Putting equation 4 in equation 3 we get
Vf +Vi Vf −Vi
S= ×
2 a

Vf 2 −Vi2
S=
2a

2aS = Vf 2−Vi2

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q (3): Define Scalars and Vector Quantities. Separate Vectors and scalars from the given data.
Answer:
Scalar Quantities:
Those physical quantities which are completely specified by their
magnitude only are called Scalars quantities.
e.g. speed, distance, temperature, mass, energy power, density, charge, volume,
resistance, current, heat etc are the examples of scalars. Scalars can be added, subtracted,
multiplied and divided by ordinary arithmetical means.

Vector Quantities:
Those physical quantities which are completely specified by their
magnitude as well as proper direction are called Vector quantities.
e.g. velocity, momentum, torque, force, weight, displacement, acceleration etc are the
examples of Vectors. Vectors can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided by
graphical or geometrical methods.

Scalars Quantities Vectors Quantities

speed velocity
volume acceleration
time
work
length
energy

8
 Power
Density

Q (4): How will you represent a Vector?

Answer:

Representation of a Vector:
A vector is represented by two ways.
 Symbolic Representation:
Symbolically a vector is represented by any alphabet of English with an
A, .
A, →
arrow head above or below it. For example ⃗
We can also represent a vector by a bold face alphabet. E.g. A, B.

 Graphical Representation:
Graphically a vector can be represented by a bold straight line having an
arrow head on one of its end. This arrow head represents the direction of
vector. In the given figure “OA” represents a vector whose magnitude is
3cm and is directed toward east.
N

3 cm W E
O A
S
th
Physics Notes for Class 9
By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

Q1: A bus travels 15 Km towards west and makes U turn back to travel a further distance
of 10 Km. (a): find distance travelled. (b): its displacement.
Solution:
(A): Distance Travelled:
Distance travelled towards west = 15 Km.
Distance travelled towards east = 10 Km. N
According to figure total distance covered = OA + AB.
⃗ ⃗
S = 15 Km + 10 Km = 25 Km
W E

(B): Total Displacement.

According to figure B, “OB” represents S
The displacement , which is given by
OB = ⃗
⃗ OA + (-⃗
OB ) = 15 + (-10). 15 Km
OB = 15 – 10 = 5 Km towards west
⃗ A O
B
10 Km
(Figure A)

9
 15 Km
A O
B O
10 Km
(Figure B)

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q2: A Race Car travels around a circular track, covering a distance of 850m in 25 seconds
before stopping at point from where it started. Determine the average velocity of the car
during this period of time?
Solution:
Distance covered = S= 850 m
Time taken = 25 seconds
V >=?
Average Velocity = <⃗
We know that
Total displacement
V >=
Average Velocity = <⃗ ……….. (1)
Total Time
But as the body is moving in a circular track and reaches its initial position and its final and
initial positions are same so its displacement is zero.
Equation 1 becomes
0
V >=
Average Velocity <⃗ = 0 m/sec.
25

10
Q3: A Truck moving with a speed of 20 m/sec begins to slow at a constant rate of 3m/ sec 2 .
Find how far it goes before stopping?
Solution:
Initial speed of truck = Vi= 20 m/sec.
Final speed of truck = Vf = 0
Acceleration o truck = a = -3m/ sec 2.
Distance covered by truck = S=?
We know that
2aS = Vf 2−Vi2
2(-3) S =(0)2−(20)2.
-6S = -400
S = 400/6
S = 66.66 =67 m

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q4: The speed of a Bus is reducing uniformly from 15 m/ sec to 7m/sec while travelling a
distance of 90m. (A): Find the acceleration. (B): Further Distance travelled before rest?
Solution:
(A): Acceleration:
Initial Velocity of Bus = Vi =15m/sec
Final Velocity of Bus = Vf = 7m/sec.
Distance Covered = S = 90m.
We know that
2aS = Vf 2−Vi2
2(a) 90 = (7)2−(15)2
180 a = 49 – 225
180 a = -176
a = -176/180
a = -0.9778 m/ sec 2.

(B): Distance Covered:

When the Bus comes to rest then Vf = 0

Again we have

11
 2a Ś = Vf 2−Vi2
2 (-0.9778) Ś= (0)2−(15)2
-1.556 Ś= -225
Ś= -225/-1.556.
Ś = 115.054m
This is the total distance covered. Out of 115.054m, 90m was already covered before the
bus comes to rest. So distance covered further more is given by
ΔS = Ś−S
ΔS =115.054 – 90
ΔS = 25.054m

Q5: Brakes are applied to a train travelling at 72 Km/ hour. After passing over 200m its
velocity is reduced to 36 Km/Hr at the same rate of retardation, how much further will it
go before it is brought to rest?
Solution:
Given Data:
Initial Velocity = Vi = 72 Km/ hr = 72×1000/3600 = 20m /sec.
Final Velocity = Vf = 36 Km/ Hr = 36×1000/3600 = 10m /sec.
Distance covered = S = 200m.
Required Data:
Distance covered before it comes to rest = S = ?
Accerelation =a =?

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

We know that
2aS = Vf 2−Vi2
2(a) 200 = (10)2−( 20)2
400 a = 100 – 400
400 a = -300
a = -300/400
a = -0.75m/ sec 2 .
Again we have
When the Bus comes to rest then Vf = 0
2a Ś = Vf 2−Vi2
2 (-0.75) Ś= (0)2−(20)2
-1.5 Ś= -400
Ś= -400/-1.5
Ś = 266.66m
This is the total distance covered. Out of 266.66m, 200m was already covered before the
bus comes to rest. So distance covered further more is given by
ΔS = Ś−S
ΔS =266.66 – 200
ΔS = 66.66m

12
Q6: A motorcyclist is moving n a road with an acceleration of 3 m/ sec 2. How much time
will it require to change the velocity from 10m/sec to 20m/sec?
Solution:

Acceleration of Motorcycle = a = 3 m/ sec 2

Initial Velocity of motorcyclist = Vi = 10m/sec.
Final Velocity of Motorcyclist = Vf = 20m/sec.
Time required = t =?
We know that
Vf = Vi + at

Vf −Vi
t= .
a

20−10
t=
3

10
t=
3

t = 3.33 sec.

Physics Notes for Class 9th

By: Naveed Shah
CHAPTER # Two: Kinematics

Q7: A cyclist starting from rest and moves with uniform acceleration of 0.2m/ sec 2.
After 2 minutes find the velocity of cycle and distance covered?
Solution:
Given Data:
Initial velocity of cyclist = Vi = 0
Acceleration of cyclist = a = 0.2m/ sec 2.
Time taken = t =2 ×60 = 120 sec.
Required Data:
Final velocity = Vf=?
Distance Covered = S =?
We know that
Vf = Vi + at
Vf = 0 + (0.2)120
Vf = 24 m/sec.
We also know that
1 2
S = Vit + at
2

13
 S = (0)120 + ½ (0.2)(120 ¿ ¿2
S = ½ (0.2) (14400)
S = ½ (2880)
S = 1440m

Q8: A body is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 20m/sec. How high will it raises?
Solution:

Initial speed of body = Vi = 20m/sec.

Final velocity of body at highest point = Vf = 0
Distance covered = S =?
Acceleration due to gravity = g = -10m/ sec 2
We know that
2gS = Vf 2−Vi2
2(-10) S = (0)2−(20)2
-20 S = -400
S = -400/-20
S = 20 m.

14