Career Point university

Kota, Rajasthan

Presentation
on
“Torsion Test.”

Prepare By-
Abhishek {K11535} & Ajay {K11876}
B.Tech M.E. 2nd year
 Torsion uses in daily life applications.
 In many areas of engineering applications, materials are sometimes subjected
to torsion in services, for example, drive shafts, axles and twisted drills.

 Moreover, structural applications such as bridges, springs, car bodies,

airplane fuselages and boat hulls are randomly subjected to torsion.

 The materials used in this case should require not only adequate strength but
also be able to withstand torque in operation.

 Torsion test is applicable for testing brittle materials such as tool steels and
cast iron.
 Torsion Test

 Generally, torsion occurs when the twisting moment or torque is applied to a

member.

 The torque is the product of tangential force multiplied by the radial distance
from the twisting axis and the tangent, measured in a unit of N.m.

 In torsion testing, the relationship between torque and degree of rotation is

graphically presented and parameters such as ultimate torsional shearing
strength (modulus of rupture), shear strength at proportional limit and
shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) are generally investigated
Objective of Torsion test.

To observe the mode of the failure of the metal.

Torsion testing machine.
  1 Test specimens

Equipment used in testing  2 Micrometer or vernia-caliper

 3 Permanent pen
  4 Torsion testing machine
 Formula used for calculating Torsion

Where, J is the polar moment of inertia, mm2

G is the shear modulus, N/mm2
θ is degree of rotation, radian
r is the radius of the cylindrical bar, mm or
in
L is the length of the cylindrical bar, mm or
in
τ is the shear stress, N/mm2
How specimen broke up under stress-strain curve.
 Mild steel and cast iron properties

Mild steel Cast iron

•Carbon % - less than 0.25%
carbon
• Iron-Carbon alloy
•More ductile and less hard
•Unsuitable for structural work
Produced by remelting of pig iron.
C- carbon graphite and combined carbon
cementite.
Carbon %- 2 to 4.3%
Strong in compressor.
Melted at 1130 C
Difficult to weld.
Microstructure
Failure of cast iron and mild steel
 Stress strain curve

 Mild steel  Cast iron

 Conclusion

 Torsion failures are different from tension failures and normally provide
little deformation or elongation.
 The characteristic of the fracture surface is related to the state of stress at
the point on the bar surface.
 It can be seen that the maximum shear stresses exist along two planes,
which are perpendicular to each other.
 The characteristics of torsion fractures are influenced by torsional and
tensile forces.
 These result in two types of torsion failures;
1) ductile failure due to the shear stresses in mild steel.
2) brittle failure due to the tensile stresses in cast iron.