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Design of Concrete Structures (14th Edition)

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For the beam in Problem 6.1:

(a) Calculate the increment of deflection resulting from the first application of the short-term live Continue to post
load.
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(b) Find the creep portion of the sustained load deflection plus the immediate deflection due to
live load.
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(c) Compare your results with the limitations imposed by the ACI Code, as summarized in Table download link
6.2.

Assume that the beam is a part of a floor system and supports cinder block partitions susceptible 888-888-8888 Text me
to cracking if deflections are excessive.
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Problem 6.1

A rectangular beam of width b = 15 in., effective depth d = 20.5 in., and total depth h = 23 in.
spans 18.5 ft between simple supports. It will carry a computed dead load of 1.08 kips/ft including My Textbook Solutions
self-weight, plus a service live load of 2.29 kips/ft. Reinforcement consists of four evenly spaced
No. 7 (No. 22) bars in one row. The clear cover on the sides is 2 in. Material strengths are fy =
60,000 psi and f'c = 4000 psi.

(a) Compute the stress in the steel at full service load, and using the Gergely-Lutz equation,
estimate the maximum crack width.
Design of Physics Introduction
Concrete... 7th Edition to Java...
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(b) Confirm the suitability of the proposed design based on Eq. (6.3).
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Step 1 of 13
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Draw the free body diagram of beam and its cross section.

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Step 2 of 13

Write the expression to determine the moment due to the dead load.

Here, the dead load on the beam is and the moment due to the dead load is .

Substitute for and for .

Comment

Step 3 of 13

Determine the total moment due to the load over the beam.

Here, the total live load on the beam is .

Substitute for , for , and for .

Comment

Step 4 of 13

Write the expression to determine the gross moment of inertia of the beam.

Here, the gross moment of inertia is , width of the beam is , and the depth of the beam.is
.

Substitute for and for .

Comment

Step 5 of 13

Find the modulus of rupture using equation:

Here, the concrete compression strength is .

Substitute 4000 psi for .

Comment

Step 6 of 13

Determine the cracking moment for the section using the equation

Here, the cracking moment is , the extreme fibre distance from the neutral axis is , the
modulus of rupture is , and the gross moment of inertia is .

Substitute for , for , and for .

Comment

Step 7 of 13

Obtain the area of the steel for the detailing of bars.

Write the expression to determine the moment of inertia about the centroid axis.

Here, the moment of inertia about the centroid axis is , the area of the steel is , and the
depth of neutral axis is .

Substitute for , for , for , and for .

Comments (5)

Step 8 of 13

a)

Determine the deflection of the beam due to dead load of the beam.

…… (1)

Here, the deflection due to the dead load is , the dead load is , and the flexural rigidity
of the beam is .

Determine the bending moment ratio for the dead load moment.

Determine the bending moment ratio for the live load moment.
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Chapter 6, Problem 3P 6 Bookmarks Show all steps: ON

Comment

Step 9 of 13

Write the expression to determine the effective moment of inertia.

Substitute , 1.44 for , and for .

Comments (3)

Step 10 of 13

Calculate the deflection due to the dead load.

Substitute for , for , for , and for in the

equation (1).

Hence, the deflection due to the dead load is .

Comment

Step 11 of 13

b)

Calculate the deflection due to the load.

Substitute for , for , for , and for in the

equation (1).

Hence, the deflection due to the dead load is .

Write the expression to determine the deflection due to the live load.

Here, the deflection due to the live load is .

Substitute for and for .

Comment

Step 12 of 13

c)

Determine the total deflection due to dead and live load.

Check for the deflection criteria:

Here, the allowable deflection is .

Substitute 18.5ft for .

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Step 13 of 13

Compare the deflections of obtained and allowable.

Therefore, the beam can sustain the loading over thebeam.

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Recommended solutions for you in Chapter 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6P Chapter 6, Problem 4P

Recalculate the deflections of Problem 6.5 based
on the assumption that 20 percent of the live load
represents the normal service condition of loading
and is sustained more or less continuously, while
the remaining 80 percent is a short-term...
A beam having b = 12 in., d = 21.5 in., and h = 24
in. is reinforced with three No. 11 (No. 36) bars.
Material strengths are fy = 60,000 psi and f'c =
4000 psi. It is used on a 28 ft simple span to carry a
total service load of 2430 lb/ft....

See solution See solution

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Question:

A beam having b = 12 in., d = 21.5 in., and h = 24 in. is reinforced with three No. 11 (No. 36) bars. Material strengths are fy = 60,000 psi and f'c = 4000 psi. It is used on a 28 ft simple span to carry a total service load of
2430 lb/ft. For this member, the sustained loads include self-weight of the beam plus additional superimposed dead load of 510 lb/ft, plus 400 lb/ft representing that part of the live load that acts more or less continuously,
such as furniture, equipment, and time-average occupancy load. The remaining 1220 lb/ft live load consists of short-duration loads, such as the brief peak load in the corridors of an office building at the end of a workday.

(a) Find the increment of deflection under sustained loads due to creep.

(b) Find the additional deflection increment due to the intermittent part of the live load.

In your calculations, you may assume that the peak load is applied almost immediately after the building is placed in service, then reapplied intermittently. Compare with ACI Code limits from Table 6.2. Assume that, for
this long-span floor beam, construction details are provided that will avoid damage to supported elements due to deflections. If ACI Code limitations are not met, what changes would you recommend to improve the
design?

Answer:

Calculate the modulus of elasticity of concrete.

Here, is the characteristic compressive strength.

Substitute 4000 psi for .

Calculate the modular ratio:

Here is the modulus of elasticity of steel, and is the modulus of elasticity of concrete.

Substitute for , and for .

Calculate the allowable moment:

Here, DL is the dead loads, LL is the live load, and l is the length of the beam.

Substitute 1.21 kip for DL, 1.22 kip for LL , and 28ft for l.

Calculate the modulus of rupture:

Substitute 4000 psi for .

Calculate the gross moment of inertia:

Here, is the width of the section, and is the height of the section.

Substitute 12in for , and 24in for .

Calculate the moment of inertia of the critical section:

Moment of inertia

Here, is the area of steel.

Substitute 12in for b, 8.86in for d, 12.64in for , 8 for n, and 4.68in2 for .

Calculate the cracking moment:

Substitute 474 psi for , 12800 in4 for , and 12in for b.

Calculate the ratio:

Substitute for , and 238ft-kips for .

Therefore, .

Calculate the sustainable deflection:

Substitute 1.21 kip for , 28in for , for , and .

a)

Calculate the increment of deflection under sustained loads due to creep:

Substitute 0.53in. for .

Therefore, the increment of deflection under sustained loads due to creep is .

b)

Calculate the additional deflection:

Substitute 1.21 kip for DL, 1.22 kip for LL , and 0.53 in. for .

Total deflection:

From table 6.2 “maximum allowable computed deflections”:

The deflection must be less than:

Substitute 28 ft for l.

Therefore, best approach is to add a small amount of compression reinforcement.

Question:

A reinforced concrete beam is continuous over two equal 22 ft spans, simply supported at the two exterior supports, and fully continuous at the interior support. Concrete cross-sectional dimensions are b = 10 in., h = 22 in., and d = 19.5 in. for both
positive and negative bending regions. Positive reinforcement in each span consists of two No. 9 (No. 29) bars, and negative reinforcement at the interior support is made up of three No. 10 (No. 32) bars. No compression steel is used. Material
strengths are fy = 60,000 psi and f′c = 5000 psi. The beam will carry a service live load, applied early in the life of the member, of 1800 lb/ft distributed uniformly over both spans; 20 percent of this load will be sustained more or less permanently,
while the rest is intermittent. The total service dead load is 1000 lb/ft including self- weight.

(a) Find the immediate deflection when shores are removed and the full dead load is applied.

(b) Find the long-term deflection under sustained load.

(c) Find the increment of deflection when the short-term part of the live load is applied.

Compare with ACI Code deflection limits; piping and brittle conduits are carried that would be damaged by large deflections. Note that midspan deflection may be used as a close approximation of maximum deflection.

Answer:

a)

Write the expression to compute the actual neutral axis.

Here, width of the section is b, the area of steel is , assumed depth of neutral axis is , effective depth of section is d and modular ratio is n.

From “Areas of Groups of Standard Bars”, is

Substitute for , 7.2 for , for and for d.

On solving the above quadratic equation,

Calculate the transformed cracked moment of inertia.

Substitute for , 7.2 for , for for and for d.

Calculate the gross moment of inertia by using the following formula:

Here, the depth of the section is D

Substitute for , and 22 in. for D.

Calculate the cracking moment, by using the formula:

Here, modulus of rupture is , distance from the centriodal gross section to the extreme fiber is

Where,

and

Substitute for , 11 for , and for .

Compute the actual moment caused by dead alone by using the following relation:

Substitute, for and for L.

Compute the effective moment of inertia by using the following formula:

Substitute for , for , for , for .

Compute the average gross moment of inertia:

Substitute, for and for .

Calculate the immediate deflection by using the following relation:

Here, modulus of elasticity of concrete is and is equal to

Substitute 1 for , for , for L, for

Therefore, the immediate deflection is .

b)

Write the expression to compute the actual neutral axis at mid span.

Here, width of the section is b, the area of steel is , assumed depth of neutral axis is , effective depth of section is d and modular ratio is n.

From “Areas of Groups of Standard Bars”, is

Substitute for , 3.78 for , for and for d.

On solving the above quadratic equation,

Calculate the transformed cracked moment of inertia.

Substitute for , 3.78 for , for for and for d.

Calculate the actual moment of the beam at supports by using the following relation:

Substitute for and for L.

Calculate the actual moment of the beam at mid-span by using the following relation:

Substitute for and for L.

Compute the effective moment of inertia at mid span by using the following formula:

Substitute for , for , for , for .

Compute the effective moment of inertia at supports by using the following formula:

Substitute for , for , for , for .

Compute the average gross moment of inertia:

Substitute, for and for .

Compute the long term deflection under sustain load.

Here, modulus of elasticity of concrete is and is equal to

Substitute 1.36 for , for , for L, for

Therefore, long term deflection under sustain load is .

Compute the total deflection due to long term deflection as follows:

Compute the increment of deflection.

Substitute for , for , for L, for

Therefore, increment of deflection is .