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.,a,.,u..on"· Xiii. 1942, 3n. 219-231.


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O~..l!J;! (§ 12). li..1CJMb::J~::JM 0 ..111..1ai<i:x.::i~M!J;!..16 a..16~..1<8.J:iAli..10 oJ:im 30M~..1 i~l'la aoo::J3..IOMU 3o'rJoU 3;:i6..1b;J000 3710000, m3..1~ij:JMO ..l~::J3bMh 3..101
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..13..1lim..16 ~..IJ..1300M;i6om, U..ltfJM..l~~::JOM..I o3 3..1t<i;i8M::JOOU ..1~60036..1, ~1~b0o::ilioli m..16..1o;iavn (§§ 33, 23) .
I ~3ot1i;:i~ooo ~o~o J..1603om li..1M3oo~MO~..I. 030 OiJM ;:JMm-;iMmo oa
1~ao 3M b;i~om..1 3 ..160 (1i..1v M~o li 3\}o06C'lo..1i<io, ..130~..1 hMMo ~..1 ..13o&io-
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~li 'J'B~;JO..I dJM60..1 (§ 38).
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. ~-JMJ:o~o, P1jM(")1io, 3ol'lobl:'.:'.'ob..1, Fio6·Jt'lo >e"' j.1Cl..16".'.JM0"' (§18). ;i.o.
:iha010 l103i:eoi:eMD, t'10u ~<"l3:J~~c::o-J~"'~ ,,b..15n.1~,1 0 Mi:e" h.> bi:l.1Mo ..1t'l
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<hl1 0 aMr:lFio~ 02i(")i::t;6:J5 D%oo:.i2io >e·' li b3" 8M bo~oooo.
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·a 0..1i:e 0;:i6i:e., 3.1'bot'lm,1 a0Mt'l:J Xo ".'.l'n1i. ..1a (")t'l 3. 1 'bot'lb 6,1d~o60 J.lt)o 3o
a016 71 at'l 0 ~" ub3.:i. .ljM6~.>, 3 o~t'lo Jot'l 30 ~ li..1ao7.1~1i - ..1m..10.>01i, ..1aot'lbJ.lb0~..1t'lli.> ~..,
r. 306 li..1".'.lo.1t'lo 03 ;JM6!'.!!" a.16~..16 71 l'lm".'.lb".'.luo11oh..1 i:e·1 lib3..1 aMbo~ooooli a..16i:e,16-;:it'101 71 b 71001u (§ 25) . ..>3..11i01..16..130 , a 0 j".'.lt'lff~::Jm".'.lb-;:iuo1ili..1 ~..,
u..13Mb:J~:JM · 0 ..11...,at'l:x,o~M'li:J. l'1Ma 0 ~no ,,b 0 ~avn<nou J"Mnli 0..1t'lo 00 o-
31i.ll:i7.1A01".'.Jb".'.JU;:J1ib ot'lm6.JoMo J..1e;o30 OJ7J0136M~.101 rn 17, 25, 37).
Clo" ..1>.:;06nCl600..1 6ot'13o6om ,,jt'lm080". ,,.1t'lm.13'Cln" ..13 d:J 0 ~oli 3obo~-
3:Jff-;:]Aff!:'.:'.,'0017Jb".'.JOOUU, t'JM0MMO 3..1'bot'Jli, m0301io O;Jj:J~O JjM6~.;
3om o0-;:J~O Ub3;:JO..I 3Mb:J~O U 6:JO..l~..1Mm-;:J~<1 0..1 U..13M:X,;:Jl:'.:'.'M, d..10M..13 .(§ 20) . ..18..130 ~MMU J~..13~0 m..1301io 3M..1~0o~;:i. MP1d:J~1i.>o 3oif".'.JM,j~­
..18030 ;JJMj..100 ~..I O:J3~:Jo u'\J3..1 d:J0~02ioU 3ol'.1;:ii:e3om, .;3 6:JMdob3..1 um".'.lb0001io1i 6..103..1~0 ;J\JP->~:JoMi:e..1. ;:ib <n..1:J(!)o ~..>aM\JCloo".'.J~o.l 01.l3..1t'l
MC-:13..100 36o(J 30:)2',. . . o.; aoo~M. 000 6006..13~.1 J.;61:'16oot'l 0..1li..18M:x,;:J~Mli 3o<noli Jnt'l30~0 olif!)MMOJMUoU OMMa0Clo'. 3..10A.>3 ,,b;:i~3\Jo<no1i J..>Moli
~..., ".'.JJ..16Mfrb (li".'.J~ b..16-b..10..1 M l'l2io~o..160 li 0..168..1t'16ooom jt'lm..180
1 0..1Ao0;:i6..100" 000 momjMli ,,U.lff".'.)Mff~OU 6..103.>~o"-b (§§ 17, 98)
,,li..10(")~..\30 ( d~3060..1"). b..1 bo~om 03 b3~00.>.
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.,li::i~J\Jn'Bob ,pMnb 0,:,r-,n 0;:ion1.i'' Bnb;:il:!;'3nm ()1.i,:,b0r'1010b·Jo:Jlm1.i ,,b;i- j8bb3n~ b.'>'iJ:JM~.'>~f"l;JO.'>~ n013~;JOM~6;:i6 .... ao0Ma.10 OtJM, P1Ma :JJ~:J boob
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;Jhn, 11pfri::i'Bur;:ib00~1bo. onob3u17Jli00:11in. a;:ibn~::im·Jb·,1o::ihn" (§ 14). ia,l(i·\~001.'>~. a0o;i3.'!Mo. o"M~.'> n8oh0. MMa l1.;l171~o;JMM 3o('lo O::JM.
1h1~..lMf'1, (.1M 0t'1f.10 ,:,r;:3fin'(Jb;Jlll, i::;o~n ~,:,\j':Jb;J6·J~;)(},:, O/:rJ. a.iu()(1
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m015000ub mom.'.JMb 30b'b;:i 0snA.16:JbM000 .;.:J3b, i:,..,a~;:i6.;~"'0 ob
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260

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