CEB 711

STRUCTURAL
DESIGN II
ASSIGNMENT 1
GROUP 7

Team Members: ID Number:

Kunaal Kavitesh Nand 2017140832
Jim Tawa Biciki 2017142811
Shivneel Koshik Lal 2017140895
Siddharth Shivnay Raman 2017140910
Krishan nand 2017140830

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DECLRATION

We hereby declare that this submission is entirely our own work except due acknowledgement is made in
the text due no part has been copied from any other person’s work thus is a record of an original work
done by our group under the guidance of our supervisor Mr. Maika P V Tuicakau.

Jim Tawa Biciki 2017142811

Shivneel Koshik Lal 2017140895
Siddharth Shivnay Raman 2017140910
Kunaal Kavitesh Nand 2017140832
Krishan Nand 2017140830

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In completing this assignment, the following establishments and individuals have been referred. Their
substantial support and helpful contributions are gratefully acknowledged:

 Our supervisor Mr. Maika P V Tuicakau.

 Group Members
 Derrick Campus Library, FNU, Samabula

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page No.

Title Page i

Declaration ii

Acknowledgment iii

Question 1: Wind Load 1-10

Question 2: 11-20

Reference 21

Appendix 1 22-39

Appendix 2 40-60

Appendix 3 61-66
QUESTION 1
Introduction
Wind load on a structure relies on several variables, such as wind speed, the surrounding terrain, and the
structures dimensions, form and dynamic response. Traditional theory assumes that horizontal wind load
pressures act normally on the face of the structure. The most critical load condition is determined by wind
computations in all directions. In the event of side walls and leeward walls, the suction of differential
stress forces induced by wind is also usually estimated. Construction codes typically enabled the
calculation of wind loads or wind loads determined by testing the models in the terrain equal to the site.
Design Details
All computations and details were done in conjunction to AS/NZ 1170.2:2011 Structural Design Actions
Part 2: Wind Action. Give the details Eaves height 4.1m, ridge height 8.0m, length of building 35m,
width of building as 18m, terrain type 3, and region C.
Beginning with SITE WIND SPEED referring to Section 2.2 and Equation 2.2. The value for R (Regional
Wind Speed; Table 3.1) was taken to be 100 and thus calculated and rounded off to nearest 1m/s as stated
in Section 3.2. The value for Wind direction Multiplier was extracted form Section 3.3.3 form the given
Region C in the design brief. To calculate the Terrain Multiplier the value of eaves height and ridge
height was averaged to attain the value of “z” noting the design specification of Terrain Type 3 and
finally interpolating to get the value for Terrain Multiplier where Table 4.1 was referred to. The shielding
multiplier was taken to be 1.0 as it had insignificant effect as stated in the design details. For
Topographical multiplier Section 4.4.3 of Section 4.4 was referred to where sites not for New Zealand
was considered thus getting the value for site wind speed was 46.52m/s.
Moving on to DESIGN WIND PRESSURES refereeing to section 2.4.1 and Equation 2.4(1) where
density of air was taken to be 1.2kg/m3 and the value for site wind speed will be taken for Vsit,β . The value
for dynamic response factor (Sectipn 6.1(a)) was taken as 1.0 as the natural first mode fundamental
frequency is taken as 1Hz.
Aerodynamic shape factor was computed using Section 5.0 where it was calculated using the wind
directions from East as Ø=00 and South as Ø=900. The calculations for wind direction from East was done
first. For the internal pressure coefficient of internal pressures (Section 5.3.4 Table 5.1(A)) was taken to
be -0.3 for all wall permeable for all walls and roof components. The value for action combination factor
was taken to be 0.8 for all walls and roof components (Section 5.4.3 Table 5.5), Since the value for both
coefficient of internal pressures and action combination factor was same thus the value for design wind
pressure internal was same for all Wind wall, leeward, Side wall, Upwind wind and Downwind.
Moving on to external pressures for wind wall (Table 5.2(A)), the height, h was taken as “z” with was less
than 25m thus getting 0.7. For external wind pressure coefficient of leeward (Table 5.2(B)) the roof shape
was taken to be gable, pitch angle was calculated to be 23.43 0, thus using linear interpolation the value of
-0.4686 was attained. The value for external wind pressure coefficient for side wall (Table 5.2(C)) was
calculated where 1h to 2h was referred to, to -0.5. External wind pressure coefficient for upwind slope
(Table 5.3(B)) was linearly interpolated to get -0.2658 where pitch angle was 23,43 and value for h/d was
calculated. External pressure coefficient for downwind slope (Table 5.3(C)) was attained as -0.6 where
pitch angle was 23.430. For Area Reduction Factor (Section 5.4.2 Table 5.4) was calculated and the value
for Sidewall, downwind and upwind was linearly interpolated with respect to tributary are to get 0.8 and
for roofs and wind wall and leeward was taken as 1.0. Local pressure factor (Section 5.4.4 Table 5.6) was

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taken to be 1.0. Action combination factor was taken to be 0.8 for 4 effective surfaces for wind speed
from zero degrees. This the external pressures were calculated for each component (i.e. Wind wall = 0.56,
Leeward = -0.3749, Sidewall = -0.32, Downwind =-0.384 and Upwind = -0.1701. After which the value
for design wind pressure external was calculated for each component and finally the force on each
building component (i.e. Wind wall = 59629.41N, Leeward = -114578N, Sidewall = -79190.8N,
Downwind = -278174N, Upwind = -182825N) . The same procedure was followed for the wind direction
from South 900 crosswind.

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Wind Action
Using standard AS/NZS 1170.2:2011; Structural Design Actions; Part 2: Wind Action
Refer to Appendix 1 for calculation.
BULDING DETAILS

COMPONET DETAIL
Eaves Height 4.1m
Ridge Height 8.0m
Length 35m
Width 18m
Terrain 3
Region C

SITE WIND SPEED (Section 2.2) (Equation 2.2)

Vsit,β = VRMd(Mz,catMsMt)….. (Equation 2.2)

REGIONAL WIND SPEED,VR (Section 3.2 Table 3.1)

R = 100 (Since Region C )
Therefore: VR=56 x Fc
R≥50 yrs, Fc=1.05 (Section 3.4)
V100=56x1.05
=58.8
≈ 59m/s

WIND DIRECTION MULTIPLIER Md (Section 3.3.2 Region B,C,D)

For Region C, wind action on major structural elements;
Md= 0.95

TERRAIN/ HEIGHT MULTIPLIER, Mz,cat (Section 4.2.2-Table 4.1)

4.1+8
Z= = 6.05
2
Terrain 3
Using Linear interpolation (From Table 4.1)

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Mz,cat=0.83
SHEIDING MULTIPLIER, Ms (Section 4.3.1)
Shielding multiplier is taken as 1.0 because shielding is not to be considered.
Ms=1.0
TOPOGRAPHICAL MULTIPLIER, Mt (Section 4.4)
Mt= Mlee(for sites not in New Zealand the lee multiplier shall be 1.0)(Section 4.4.3)
Mt= 1.0
⸫ Vsit,β = VRMd(Mz,catMsMt)
= 46.52 m/s

DESIGN WIND PRESSURES (Section 2.4.1)

p= (0.5ρair) (Vdes,Ø)2(Cfig Cdyn) .... (Equation 2.4(1))

ρair=1.2kg/m3 (Section 2.4.1)

Vdes,Ø= Vsit,β= 46.52 m/s

DYNAMIC RESPONSE FACTOR, Cdyn (Section 6.1 (a))

Greater than 1 Hz Cdyn=1.0

AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR, Cfig (Section 5.0)

Cfig,i= Cp,I Kc,I for internal pressure…(Section 5.2(a) Equation 5.2(1))
Cfig,e= Cp,e Ka Kc,e Kl Kp for external pressure… (Section 5.2(a) Equation 5.2(2))

Note:
Assuming wind direction from East as Ø=00 to be Side of the building and from South as Ø=900 to be
End of the building.

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Direction from East Ø=00
a) INTERNAL PRESSURE
COEFFICIENT FOR INTERNAL PRESSURES, Cp,i. (Section 5.3.4 Table 5.1(A))
Assume all walls permeable Cp,i= -0.3 for the building
ACTION COMBINATION FACTOR, Kc (Section 5.4.3 Table 5.5)
Assuming wind direction from the side of the building with four effective surfaces(b) therefore
Kc,i= 0.8
Since Cp,I and Kc,i for all walls and the roof (i.e. Wind wall, leeward, Side wall, Upwind wind and
Downwind) are same thus:
⸫ Cfig,i= Cp,I Kc,I
= (-0.3) (0.8)
= -0.24
pi= (0.5ρair) (Vdes,Ø)2(Cfig Cdyn)
= (0.5x1.2) (46.52)2(-0.24) (1)
= -311.63 Pa

b) EXTERNAL PRESSURE
COEFFICIENT OF EXTERNAL PRESSURES, Cp,e (Section 5.4.1)
EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR WINDWALL (Table 5.2(A))
For h≤25.0m for buildings on ground where h= z= 6.05m thus: Cp,e= 0.7
EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR LEEWARD WALL (Table 5.2(B))
Wind direction Ø=00, Roof shape= gable, pitch angle α= 23.430, d/b= 0.51
Using Linear interpolation Cp,e= -0.4686

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR SIDEWALL (Table 5.2(C))

Horizontal Distance from windward edge assumed to be 1h to 2h therefore Cp,e= -0.5

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR UPWIND SLOPE (Table 5.3(B))

pitch angle α= 23.430, h/d= 0.34 therefore linearly interpolate to get Cp,e= -0.2658 (for 00)

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EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR DOWNWIND SLOPE (Table 5.3(C))

α= 23.430, the ratio of h/d= 0.34 and b/d= 1.94 therefore linearly interpolate to get Cp,e= -0.6

(for 00)
AREA REDUCTION FACTOR, Ka (Section 5.4.2 Table 5.4)
Tributary Area
Wind wall = 143.5m2
Leeward = 143.5m2
Sidewall = 108.9m2
Downwind = 343.35m2
Upwind = 343.35m2
For all other cases except roofs and sidewall Ka shall be taken as 1
For Sidewall linearly interpolate with respect to tributary area ka is 0.8.
For Downwind linearly interpolate with respect to tributary area ka is 0.8.
For Upwind linearly interpolate with respect to tributary area ka is 0.8.

ACTION COMBINATION FACTOR, Kc (Section 5.4.3 Table 5.5)

Wind direction from side 00, 4 effective surfaces Kc,e = 0.8

LOCAL PRESSURE FACTOR, Kl (Section 5.4.4 Table 5.6)

From table 5.6 for all other areas Kl =1

⸫ Cfig,e= Cp,e Ka Kc,e Kl Kp

Wind wall = 0.56
Leeward = -0.3749
Sidewall = -0.32
Downwind =-0.384
Upwind = -0.1701

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⸫ pe= (0.5ρair) (Vdes,Ø)2(Cfig Cdyn)
Wind wall = 727.188 Pa
Leeward = -486.8 Pa
Sidewall = -415.536 Pa
Downwind = -498.643 Pa
Upwind = -220.899 Pa

FORCE ON EACH WALL (Section 2.5.3.1 Equation 2.5(1))

F = (Pe + Pi) x tributary area
Wind wall = 59629.41N
Leeward = -114578N
Sidewall = -79190.8N
Downwind = -278174N
Upwind = -182825N

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Direction from South Ø=900
a) INTERNAL PRESSURE
COEFFICIENT FOR INTERNAL PRESSURES, Cp,i. (Section 5.3.4 Table 5.1(A))
Assume all walls permeable Cp,i= -0.3 for the building
ACTION COMBINATION FACTOR, Kc (Section 5.4.3 Table 5.5)
Assuming wind direction from the end of the building with four effective surfaces(b) therefore
Kc,i= 0.8
Since Cp,I and Kc,i for all walls and the roof (i.e. Wind wall, leeward, Side wall, Crosswind) are same
thus:
⸫ Cfig,i= Cp,I Kc,I
= (-0.3) (0.8)
= -0.24
pi= (0.5ρair) (Vdes,Ø)2(Cfig Cdyn)
= (0.5x1.2) (46.52)2(-0.24) (1)
= -311.63 Pa

b) EXTERNAL PRESSURE
COEFFICIENT OF EXTERNAL PRESSURES, Cp,e (Section 5.4.1)
EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR WINDWALL (Table 5.2(A))
For h≤25.0m for buildings on ground where h= z= 6.05m thus: Cp,e= 0.7

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR LEEWARD WALL (Table 5.2(B))

Wind direction Ø=900, Roof shape= gable, pitch angle α= 23.430, d/b=1.94 Using Linear interpolation
Cp,e= -0.312

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR SIDEWALL (Table 5.2(C))

Horizontal Distance from windward edge assumed to be 1h to 2h therefore Cp,e= -0.5

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR CROSSWIND SLOPE (Table 5.3(C))

α= 23.430, the ratio of h/d= 0.173 and b/d= 0.514 therefore linearly interpolate to get Cp,e= -0.6

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AREA REDUCTION FACTOR, Ka (Section 5.4.2 Table 5.4)
Tributary Area
Wind wall = 143.5m2
Leeward = 143.5m2
Sidewall = 108.9m2
Crosswind= 343.35m2
For all other cases except roofs and sidewall Ka shall be taken as 1.0
For Sidewall linearly interpolate with respect to tributary area ka is 0.8.
For Crosswind linearly interpolate with respect to tributary area ka is 0.8.

ACTION COMBINATION FACTOR, Kc (Section 5.4.3 Table 5.5)

Wind direction from side 900, 4 effective surfaces Kc,e = 0.8

LOCAL PRESSURE FACTOR, Kl (Section 5.4.4 Table 5.6)

From table 5.6 for all other areas Kl =1

⸫ Cfig,e= Cp,e Ka Kc,e Kl Kp

Wind wall = 0.56
Leeward = -0.2496
Sidewall = -0.32
Crosswind =-0.384

⸫ pe= (0.5ρair)(Vdes,Ø)2(Cfig Cdyn)

Wind wall = 727.188 Pa
Leeward = -324.118 Pa
Sidewall = -415.536Pa
Crosswind = -498.643 Pa

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FORCE ON EACH WALL (Section 2.5.3.1 Equation 2.5(1))
F = (Pe + Pi) x tributary area
Wind wall = 59629.41N
Leeward = -91233N
Sidewall = -79190.8N
Crosswind = -278174N

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QUESTION 2

INTRODUCTON

Whenever you feel the need to renovate your existing building or design a new residential space, the
roofing scheme is very essential because only excellent roofing techniques can provide the structure and
the base with stability and also safeguard against heat, snow, rain and cold. If roofing system are not
produced or maintained properly, then there may be distinct problems that include moth development,
leakage, moist wall, etc. due to which the moisture gets into location, and the cold and scorching heat
may also lead to health problems. Roof purlins are one of the roof’s most important components. The
construction walls or rafters support these purlins. Well, purlin dare horizontal beams that are used in
unique structure for structural assistance. Roof purlins are accessible in various material types. Such types
of products are used based on the necessity and budget. However, one of the purlins’ traditional and time-
tested products is timber that has the power and durability of strong waterproofing and insulation.
Columns of beams are described as members subject to bending and compression in combination.
Therefore, they are components that include beams and columns in special cases. A large proportion of
members are beam columns in a typical steel structure. The behavior and design of these components was
therefore of excellent concern. In essence, all members in frame constructions are beam columns with
beams (where axial load N= 0) and columns (where bending moment M= 0) in specific instances. Several
options can be used to treat a frame. The development of big capacity computers at a reasonable cost has
enabled the structures as a whole to be investigated. This is very simple when using elasticity theory. But
if the plasticity theory is used, it is much more complex. In this situation, consideration should be given
especially to the spread of plastic areas, which significantly improves the complexity of the inquiry,
therefore streamlined rules are still required.
Brief
The primary structures in investigation were the purlins, the beams Rb1-Rb6, beams Rb2 – Rb6 and
Column IC17. In depth study of the problem gave way to the basic understanding of what is needed to be
solved, that is the loadings that will affect these primary structures will come from the roofs and then
transferred downwards towards the column IC17.
First and foremost, when considering loadings at the roof sheeting material, the total loads that will be
transferred downwards towards a typical purlin will come from an imposed live load and the self-weight
of the roof sheeting material itself. The imposed live load action on the roof was determined on the
standard AS/NZS 1170.1 and on table 3.2. From this table, there can be seen 2 categories of roofs which
are R1 and R2, and with the latter selected due to the design given being without street awnings thus it
was not considered. Since the problem was asking for loadings and loading diagrams on the structural
elements of the structure, the formula 1.8/A + 0.12 was confidently chosen by the team. From there on,
the live load-imposed action acting on the roof sheet can be determined and adding with the self-weight
of the roof sheet material itself can give the loads which will be transferred onto the purlins below.

A typical purlin sits on the RB9 beams in grid A, B and C. The loadings from the roof sheet will affect a
typical purlin according to the length of its tributary area and width. Thus, the tributary area for the purlin
was determined before computing with the loads transferred from the roof sheet. The next adjacent
tributary area will be affected by another loadings for another purlin, hence the reason why tributary
width and area were computed. The loads analysed at that primary structural element (purlin) will include
its own self weight and the total loads (live and dead loads) that is transferred downwards from above it
and that was exactly how the loading acting on a typical purlin in grid A, B and C was determined.

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The same steps were done for Beams RB1-RB6 and beams RB2-RB6 with the only variations coming
from their respective tributary width and area.

Analysis of the column IC17 shows that the loads that will transferred will come from the beam RB1-
RB6 hence the dead and live load values that will be considered in the computation being from the RB1-
RB6 load computations. However, the loads will only affect the column with respect to its tributary width
with the next tributary width affecting another column, hence the tributary width again was computed for
the column.

After all the loads were determined, the line load diagrams can be drawn according to each structural
elements’ respective loads.

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Purlin, Beam and Column Analysis
Using standard AS/NZS 1170.1:2002; Structural Design Actions; Part 1: Permanent, imposed and other
actions
Refer to Appendix 2 for calculation
BULDING DETAILS
Roof Sheeting self-weight = 4.6 kg/m2
Gyprock Ceiling Self-weight = 0.13 kN/m2
Beams Self-weight = 59.7kg/m (310UB32)

DEAD LOADS
Note: dead load converted from kg to kN
Roof Sheeting self-weight = 0.0451 kN/m2
Gyprock Ceiling Self-weight = 0.13 kN/m2
Beams Self-weight = 0.586 kN/m

For purlin size of 94 x 44 mm

Purlin spacing 600 mm, wood density = 850 kg/m3
Purlin self-weight = 0.0345 kN/m

LIVE LOADS (Section 3.5 table 3.2)

Assuming other roofs (R2), uniformly distributed actions
Live load = (1.8/A) + 0.12 not less than 0.25 kpa

A Typical Purlin Calculation

Dead load – from roofing sheet & purlin self-weight
Dead load roofing sheet = Roofing sheet self-weight x purlin spacing
Dead load roofing sheet = 0.0271 kN/m
Dead load purlin = 0.0345 kN/m
Total Dead Load on purlin = 0.0616 kN/m

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Live Load
Live load = (1.8/A) + 0.12 not less than 0.25 kpa
A = Span x Spacing of purlin
Since our purlin will rest on RB9 beam which is uniformly placed in a length of 6.8m, hence we divide
6.8/4 to get our span to be 1.7m
A = 2.04 m2
Live load = 1.002 kN/m2 > 0.25 kpa
Live load = 0.75 kN/m2 x purlin spacing = 0.45 kN/m

Note: Check for the purlin if the size is safe for the loading.
Factored Loading (Appendix G Table G1)

h=1555mm
l= 17400mm
α= tan-1(h/l) =5.110
spacing= 0.6m

Assuming F17 timber from Appendix H, table H2.1

f’b = 42MPa
f’s=3.6 MPa
E =14000MPa
Density of wood =850kg/m3

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Total load along Y – axis (WN) and X – axis
WN= 0.90GV +W = 0.505 kN/m2
Wt= 1.35GH =0.0074 kN/m2

Investigation of structural stability of Purlins

BENDING STRENGTH (Section 3.2)
Md ≥ M* … (Equation 3.2(1))

Md = Øk1k4k6k9k12f’bZ …Equation 3.2(2)

Ø = 0.85 (Section 2.3 Table 2.1 and Table 2.2)
k1 = 0.57 (Section 2.4.1.1 Table 2.3)
k4 = 1.0 (Section 2.4.2.3 Table 2.5)
k6 = 1.0 (Section 2.4.3)
k9 = 1.155 (Section 2.4.5.3 Table 2.7)
k12 = 1.0 (Section 3.2.4)
Md = 1.5638kN/m

M* = MN + MT
MN = WN (L)2 /8 = (0.505) (0.6)2 /8 = 0. 023kN.m
MT = WT (L)2 /8 = (0.0074) (0.6)2 /8= 0. 00034kN.m
MT + MN = 0.02334 KN.m
Md ≥ M*
Since, Md is greater than M* therefore, it is safe

FLEXURAL SHEAR STRENGTH (Section 3.2.5)

Vd ≥ V*… (Equation 3.2(13))
Vd = φ K1 K4 K6 f’s (As) … (Equation 3.2(14))
As = 2/3 (b) (D) = 0.312 m2
Vd = 544.19 kN

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V* = {(VN) 2 + (VT ) 2 } 0.50
VN = WN (L)/2 = 0.152
VT = WT(L)/2 = 0.0022
V* = 0.152 kN
Thus, it is safe because V is greater than V*

DEFLECTION
Actual Deflection (Δ) ≤ Allowable Deflection
Where:

 Actual Deflection
Δ = K4(5/ 384) (WN L 4 /EI)
I= BD3/12 =3.05 x 10-6
Δ= 1.995 x 10-8 m
Allowable
Δ = L/300 = 2mm
⸫ It is safe due to actual deflection is less than allowable

BEAM RB1 – RB6

Tributary Width = 6.6 m

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Dead load - (Roof sheet self-weight + Gyprock self-weight + Purlin Self weight) x Tributary Width
+ Beam Self-Weight
Roof Sheeting self-weight = 0.0451 kN/m2
Gyprock Ceiling Self-weight = 0.13 kN/m2
Purlin self-weight = 0.0345 kN/m divide by tributary width = 0.00523 kN/m 2
Dead load = 0.18033 kN/m2 x 6.6 m + 0.586 kN/m = 1.776 kN/m

Live Load
Live load = (1.8/A) + 0.12 not less than 0.25 kpa
Amin = Span of beam x spacing of beam
Since Length of Rb1 is 6.8 m and tributary width is 6.6 m,
Amin = 44.88 m2
Live load = 0.16 kN/m2 < 0.25 kpa so we adopt 0.25 kpa
Live load = 0.25 kN/m2 x tributary width = 1.65 kN/m

BEAM RB2– RB6

Tributary Width = 3.3 m

17
Dead load - (Roof sheet self-weight + Gyprock self-weight + Purlin Self weight) x Tributary Width
+ Beam Self-Weight
Roof Sheeting self-weight = 0.0451 kN/m2
Gyprock Ceiling Self-weight = 0.13 kN/m2
Purlin self-weight = 0.0345 kN/m divide by tributary width = 0.01045 kN/m 2
Dead load = 0.1856 kN/m2 x 3.3 m + 0.586 kN/m = 1.198 kN/m

Live Load
Live load = (1.8/A) + 0.12 not less than 0.25 kpa
Amin = Span of beam x Spacing of beam
Since Length of Rb2 is 6.8 m and tributary width is 3.3 m,
Amin = 22.44 m2
Live load = 0.20 kN/m2 < 0.25 kpa so we adopt 0.25 kpa
Live load = 0.25 kN/m2 x Tributary width = 0.825 kN/m

18
19
COLUMN IC17

Tributary Width = 8.7 m

Reactions on Column IC17 from beam RB1 – RB6

Dead load
Dead load from RB1 – RB6 x Tributary Width
Dead Load = 1.776 (8.7) = 15.45 kN

Live load
Live load from RB1 – RB6 x Tributary Width
Live Load = 1.65 (8.7) = 14.36 kN

20
21
REFERENCE

 Steel, Wood and Concrete: A comparison | SkyCiv Cloud Structural Analysis Software. 2019.
Steel, Wood and Concrete: A comparison | SkyCiv Cloud Structural Analysis Software. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://skyciv.com/technical/commonely-used-materials-in-structural-
engineering/. [Accessed 18 August 2019].

 Fittz & Shipman. 2019. Understanding Structural Engineering and Its Importance. [ONLINE]
Available at: http://fittzshipman.com/structural-engineering/understanding-what-structural-
engineering-is-why-it-is-important/. [Accessed 18 August 2019].

 Sciencing.com. 2019. No page title. [ONLINE] Available at: https://sciencing.com/how-6587081-

calculate-wind-load-structure.html. [Accessed 18 August 2019].

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APPENDIX 1

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APPENDIX 2

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APPENDIX 3

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Progress report: Group 7
Version: 1

Submitted: 30/7/19

Team Members: ID Number:

Kunaal Kavitesh Nand 2017140832

Jim Tawa Biciki 2017142811
Shivneel koshik Lal 2017140895
Siddharth Shivnay Raman 2017140910
Krishan nand 2017140830

Work completed

- Each team member has read the assignment and evaluated which area they can focus on.
- Our group members have decides to work as a team on both the question .where question one will
be solved by all members and the answer would be compared for accuracy and as for question
two all members will be helping each other to solve the problem.

Current Work

Question 1

• A portal frame shed is to be built in Waiyavi, Lautoka in the middle of a residential area. There
are no significant hills or escarpments in the area, and shielding is not to be considered.
• Determine the wind forces on the walls and the roof for wind on the end of the building, and on
the side of the building.

Question 2 Purlin, Beams & Column

• Develop line load diagrams showing permanent action (dead load) and imposed action (live load)
combination for the following .
• A typical purlin
• Beams RB1 – RB6 ( grid 7 and A,B, C) and RB2 – RB6 (grid 1 and A, B, C) .
• Column IC17.

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 Planned Work

Question 1

- Read up on standards o AS/NZS 1170.1 o AS 1720.1

- Use the standers to compute the wind action on the structure .
- Compare the solution with other members. - Make amendments if need
be.

Question 2

- Work will be carried out something similar to mentioned above.

Conclusion

The plan is to complete the set work in the next 2 weeks with each group members contribution.

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Progress report: Group 7
Version: 2
Submitted: 14/08/2019

Team Members: ID Number:

Kunaal Kavitesh Nand 2017140832
Jim Tawa Biciki 2017142811
Shivneel koshik Lal 2017140895
Siddharth Shivnay Raman 2017140910
Krishan nand 2017140830

Work completed
- After working on the assignment, we have completed question 1 with all the necessary
calculation that was required in the question, where all group members worked together.

- Further discussions and comparisons had to be made to work out the best possible solution to
question 1.

Current Work
Question 2 Purlin, Beams & Column

 Develop line load diagrams showing permanent action (dead load) and imposed action (live load)
combination for the following.
 A typical purlin
 Beams RB1 – RB6 (grid 7 and A, B, C) and RB2 – RB6 (grid 1 and A, B, C).
 Column IC17.

Planned Work

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Question 2

- Read up on standards
o HB 2.2 – 2003 (Timber, Steel)
- Use the standards to compute the permanent action (dead load) and imposed action (live load) on
the structure.
- Compare the solution with other members.
- Make amendments if need be.

Conclusion
The plan is to complete the set of work in the next 3-4 days as a group. With the cooperation of all the
group members, the assignment should be completed before the due date.

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Progress report: Group 7
Version: 3
Submitted: 19/08/2019

Team Members: ID Number:

Kunaal Kavitesh Nand 2017140832
Jim Tawa Biciki 2017142811
Shivneel koshik Lal 2017140895
Siddharth Shivnay Raman 2017140910
Krishan nand 2017140830

Work completed
- Each group member contributed equally in completion on this assignment where, question one
was solved by everyone. There were few errors and in the end we got to the same answer. Never
the less, question two was also completed but it took extra 3days, due to some confusions but
managed to complete within the time frame.
- Report compilation was distributed to each member and Complied as one in the end.

Conclusion
To conclude, the assignment was completed within the schedule 19 th of August 2019.both the question
were challenging but with a bit of research from the books and the internet it was possible.

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