‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﻮان‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‪:‬‬
‫= ‪Cephalo‬اﻟﺮأس‬

‫= ‪Metrics‬ﻗﯿﺎ س‬

‫وھﻮ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﯿﻚ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮر ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﻘﺤﻔﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻻ ﺣﯿﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬
 ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻜﻮن ذا اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ )‪( ٩٠-٧٠‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ أو اﻛﺜﺮ وﺷﺪة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪ ١٥‬ﻣﯿﻠﻲ اﻣﺒﯿﺮ‪MA‬‬

‫‪/‬أي اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﮭﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ واﻟﺠﮭﺎز ‪ ٢٫٠-١٫٥‬م‬
‫وﻗﻤﻊ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‪/‬‬
 ‫•ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﻧﺪرس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﻚ ‪:‬‬

‫•‪1-‬ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪھﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﯿﺔ‬

‫•‪2-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬

‫•‪3-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔاﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻘﺤﻒ ‪/‬أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‪/‬‬

‫•‪/‬اﻟﺪوراﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‪/‬‬
‫•‪4-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻘﺤﻒ‬
‫•‪5-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ‬

‫•‪6-‬ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﻨﻤﻮ***‬
‫••‪-7‬ﺑﺮﻓﯿﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺞ اﻟﻠﯿﻨﺔ‬
 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬

‫ھﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺴﯿﻔﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪1-‬اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺠﺒﮭﯿﺔ ‪/‬اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﺪرس ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬

‫‪2-‬اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ‬

‫ﯾﺪرس ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻊ واﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﮭﻤﻲ واﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬
 ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫•ﺗﻌﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط )ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‪-‬اﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ)‬

‫•اﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬

‫•اﻧﺸﺎء زواﯾﺎ‬
‫وﻧﺪرس ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﻧﺪرس اﻟﺰواﯾﺎ‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪1-‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ nasion/Na/‬اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪرز اﻻﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺠﺒﮭﻲ‬
‫‪2-‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺴﺮج اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ‪S Center of sella turica‬‬
‫‪3 -‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪OrOrbitale‬‬
‫أﺧﻔﺾ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺎج‬

‫‪4-‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪Po Porion‬‬

‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬

‫‪5-‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪Pog Pogonion‬‬

‫وھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ أﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﺨﺔ اﻟﺬﻗﻨﯿﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ A Point‬ﺣﺴﺐ‪Downs‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺆ اﻻﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫اﻻﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺦ اﻟﺜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ B Point‬ﺣﺴﺐ‪Downs‬‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﯿﻦ ‪ Pogonion‬واﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺦ اﻟﺜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ANS‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺆ اﻷﻧﻔﻲ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬

‫‪PNS‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺆ اﻷﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺎ اذ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﺮاﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺆ اﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻻرﺣﺎء اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ اﻻﺧﯿﺮة ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ان ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺪى ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮة اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ اذ ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻨﻚ واﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮة اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪C Condilion‬‬
‫اﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻢ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ و ھﻲ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺪم وﺿﻮح ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﻜﻲ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬

‫‪Ar Articlair‬‬
‫اﻗﺘﺮﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪ Bjork‬وﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻮﺗﺪي ﻛﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪Condilion‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Go Gonion‬‬
‫زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ‪،‬وھﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫واﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬

‫‪Me Menton‬‬
‫اﺧﻔﺾ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺬﻗﻦ‬

‫‪Gn Gnathion‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎء ﻣﺮﺗﺴﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ واﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔﻻرﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﺬﻗﻦ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻻﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻘﺤﻒ ) ‪(N-S‬‬
‫‪Po&Or‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻓﺮاﻧﻜﻔﻮرت ‪/FH/‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪي ﻟﻠﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‪SpP‬‬

‫‪PNS&ANS‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ‪ :‬وھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺎ س ﻷﺧﻔﺾ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﺨﺔ اﻟﺬﻗﻨﯿﺔ وأﺧﻔﺾ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‪/Downs /‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪Go-Me‬أو‪Go-Gn‬‬

 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻻﻃﺒﺎاق ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮىﺎﻟﻤﺎ س ﻟﻠﺴﻄﻮح اﻻﻃﺒﺎ ﻗﯿﺔ ﯾﻌﯿﻦ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪Downs‬‬
‫‪ ,Schwarz‬ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻒ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻻﻧﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸرﺣﺎء اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ‪،‬وﻣﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻘﺎ ﻃﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺜﻨﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Ricketts‬ﯾﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﺪﺑﺎت اﻷﻧﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻸرﺣﺎء اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ واﻟﻀﻮاﺣﻚ اﻷوﻟﻰ أو اﻷرﺣﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ ‪ :‬ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ N - Pog‬ﺣﺴﺐ ‪Downs‬و‪N-A‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ‪Schwarz .‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﺒﮭﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Driefus‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺎ ر ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪ Or‬ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﺎ‬