Gelled Acid Diverter-Technical Data Sheet

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CLEARWATER
Engineered Chemistry T e c h n i c a l D a t a
AGA-400ME
Viscosity Enhanced Acid Gelling System
DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES
AGA-400ME is a cationic, high-molecular weight, • Acid penetrates deeper before spending
polyacrylamide copolymer that viscosifies hydrochloric (HCl) • Cross-linking lowers fluid leak-off to the formation by
acid for use in carbonate acidizing treatments. Being plugging wormholes
acrylamide based, AGA-400ME works to temperatures of • Base gel viscosity is retained as acid spends
149°C (300°F). • Excellent friction reduction
• Residual viscosity helps remove insoluble fines
AGA-400ME is the main component of a cross-linked acid • Creates longer, more conductive fractures
system. When combined with AGA-Buffer-1, AGA-XL-1 and
ICA-720, a self-diverting, cross-linked acid system is USAGE
developed. The cross-link forms as the acid spends and the pH The typical concentration range for AGA-400ME is 15-40
rises. The cross-linked acid greatly reduces fluid loss to the gal/1000 gallons (15-40 L/m3). The cross-linked acid system
existing permeability and therefore creates longer, higher also utilizes an iron control agent, ICA-720, at 3-10 lbs/1000
conductivity fractures in fracture acidizing treatments or gallons (0.36-1.2 kg/m3), a pH buffer, AGA-Buffer-1, at 1-2
improved etching in matrix acid applications. gal/1000 gallons (1-2 L/m3), and the cross-linker, AGA-XL-1, at
4-5 gal/1000 gallons (4-5 L/m3).
APPLICATION
AGA-400ME requires a premix time of at least 30 minutes prior AGA-400ME is also an excellent friction reducer for acid when
to pumping to ensure complete mixing and viscosity used at relatively low dosages of 1-2 gal/1000 gallons (1-2
development. For low strength acids (<10% HCl) and in cold L/m3).
water, the premix time required is increased to at least 1 hour.
VISCOSITY DATA, 15% HCl, 1.5% AGA-400ME
AGA-400ME must be mixed with high shear to achieve FANN 35 @ 170/sec and 24°C (75°F) ..............................48 cps
maximum viscosity development. This can best be achieved by FANN 35 @ 511/sec and 24°C (75°F) ..............................32 cps
injecting the polymer into the eye of the blender's centrifugal
pump. To prevent rapid gellation and lumping (fisheyes), add PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
AGA-400ME only after the strong acid has been mixed with the Appearance .....................................Milky-White, Viscous Liquid
water containing the chemical additives, not earlier to the make Specific Gravity ............................................................1.01-1.04
up water. Adding such a polymer to water will result in Density..............................................................8.41-8.66 lbs/gal
lumping. Solubility in Water ..................................................................5%
pH (neat) ..........................................................................5.0-8.0
AGA-400 ME is compatible with both cationic and non-ionic Ionic Charge....................................................................Cationic
surfactants and corrosion inhibitors. Use with caution with Freeze Point.................................................................0°C (32°F)
anionic surfactants, such as anionic anti-sludge agents.
Compatibility problems can diminish the effectiveness of the
overall acidizing package.
This material is supplied solely for informational purposes and Clearwater makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy
and the use of this data. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. 2003/08
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AGA-Buffer-1
pH Buffer for AGA-400 ME System
AGA-Buffer-1 is a low pH solution of a proprietary organic • Buffers the pH so that cross-linking can place
buffer that provides pH control for the AGA-400ME cross-linked • Effective at temperatures <149°C (<300°F)
acid system. As the gelled acid spends and the pH rises to 2.5- • Concentrated buffer
3, AGA-Buffer-1 temporarily locks the pH there to allow for • Readily soluble in hydrochloric acid
complete cross-link viscosity development. Without this pH
control additive, the AGA-400ME system would not be USAGE
possible. AGA-Buffer-1 is used at a concentration of 1-2 gal/1000 gallons
(1-2 L/m3) of gelled acid.
APPLICATION
A cross-linked acid system provides better fluid loss control PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
and diverts live acid to another part of the formation face to Appearance...............................................................Clear Liquid
prevent “wormhole” development. It allows the acid to Specific gravity ................................................................1.2-1.3
concentrate on the full area of the formation. Clearwater's AGA- Solubility,
400ME is a self-diverting acid system because the fluid cross- water, 25°C (77°F)........................................................Complete
links as the pH of the system rises (pH=2.5-3.0) and then acid, 25°C (77°F) ..........................................................Complete
breaks back to its original viscosity as the pH continues to rise pH (neat).............................................................................<1.0
(pH=4.0-5.0). Freeze Point...............................................................10°C (50°F)
Flash Point........................................................>93°C (>200°F)
A strong pH buffer is needed to allow for a complete cross-link
to occur and divert the live acid. AGA-Buffer-1 provides this pH
stability in the AGA-400ME system.
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AGA-XL-1
Cross-Linker for AGA-400ME System
AGA-XL-1 is a low pH solution of a proprietary metal chloride • Forms stable cross-link acid gels
cross-linker for Clearwater's AGA-400ME cross-linked acid • Effective at temperatures <149°C (<300°F)
system. The metal supplies the means for the acid gelling • Highly concentrated cross-linker
polymer to form longer polymer chains, increasing the apparent • Readily soluble in hydrochloric acid
viscosity of the cross-linked gel.
USAGE
APPLICATION AGA-XL-1 is used at a concentration of 4-5 ga/1000 gallons (4-
A cross-linked acid system provides better fluid loss control 5 L/m3) of gelled acid.
and diverts live acid to another part of the formation face to
prevent “wormhole” development. It allows the acid to PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
concentrate on the full area of the formation. Clearwater's AGA- Appearance...............................................Reddish-Brown Liquid
400ME is a self-diverting acid system because the fluid cross- Specific gravity ............................................................1.41-1.46
links as the pH of the system rises (pH=2.5-3.0) and then Density..........................................................11.75-12.16 lbs/gal
breaks back to its original viscosity as the pH continues to rise Freeze Point, ...........................................................-50°C (-58°F)
(pH=4.0-5.0). pH (neat).............................................................................<2.0
Solubility,
AGA-XL-1 reacts with the polymer in AGA-400ME as the pH water, 25°C (77°F)........................................................Complete
increases to create a cross-link and divert the live acid. acid, 25°C (77°F) ..........................................................Complete
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ICA-720
Iron Reducing Agent
ICA-720 is an organic acid sodium salt that functions as an iron • Prevents iron precipitation from spent acid solutions
reducing agent and oxygen scavenger for fracturing and • Removes free oxygen from stimulation fluids
acidizing fluids. ICA-720 also functions as an anti-oxidant and • Effective at temperatures >149°C (>300°F)
weak chelating agent. • Prevents ferric iron compatibility problems in gelled/cross-
linked acid systems
APPLICATION • Readily soluble in hydrochloric acid
Iron control is required for any acidizing treatment. Iron control
agents react with dissolved iron and other dissolved metal ions DISADVANTAGES
to inhibit solids precipitation as acid spends and pH rises. The • Not recommended for batch mixing
iron control agents function by preventing the re-precipitation of • Effectiveness degrades with time and temperature in HCl acid
iron compounds through maintaining the iron cations in
solution. USAGE
ICA-720 is normally used at 3-10 lbs/1000 gallons (0.36-1.2
The formation of sludge during stimulation treatments is often kg/m3) in 15% or 28% HCl acid or 5-20 lbs/1000 gallons (0.6-2.4
enhanced or stabilized by the presence of iron. Therefore, kg/m3) in fracturing fluids.
effective iron control may also control/reduce sludge formation.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The presence of ICA-720 in acidizing solutions prevents the Appearance ......................................White to Off-White Powder
precipitation of gelatinous ferric hydroxide from spent acid pH (10%) ..........................................................................5.0-8.0
primarily by reducing ferric iron to the more soluble ferrous iron. Bulk Density .............................................................60-64 lbs/ft3
Because ICA-720 does not spend itself on the already soluble Solubility, 15% in Water................................................Complete
ferrous iron, it controls ferric iron precipitation at much lower Solubility, >25% in Acid...............................................Complete
concentrations than competitive materials.
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AI-600
High-Temperature Acid Corrosion Inhibitor
AI-600 contains a quinoline quat surfactant, an synergistic • Contains no propargyl alcohol
blend of an acetylenic alcohol replacement, solvents and a • Non-Hazardous for DOT purposes
highly effective dispersion package that enable it to inhibit • High-temperature performance
corrosion in all hydrochloric (HCl) and hydrochloric-hydrofluoric • Compatible with intensifiers: AII-F90, AII-240, AII-241 &
(HCl-HF) acid concentrations up to 177°C (350°F). The upper AII-245
temperature limit can be increased by the use of inhibitor • Eliminates sulfide scaling, hydrogen embrittlement
intensifiers. • Compatible with refinery catalyst
• Disperses easily in acid and water
AI-600 contains no propargyl alcohol and has a high flash point,
making the product non-hazardous for DOT purposes. USAGE
The typical concentration range for AI-600 is 1-20 gal/1000
APPLICATION gallons (1-20 L/m3) depending on acid strength, acid type,
Uninhibited hydrochloric acid of various strengths will react to temperature and contact time. Please refer to the following
corrode steel. The amount of damage to assets coming in charts for performance information.
contact with the acid is a function of contact time, acid
strength, and temperature. As the temperature goes up, the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
effectiveness of many acid inhibitors drops below desirable Appearance..............................................Dark Red/Purple Liquid
protection levels. Specific Gravity ............................................................1.03-1.07
Density..............................................................8.58-8.91 lbs/gal
Although AI-600 is compatible with most surfactants, Solubility in Water..........................................................Miscible
demulsifiers and mutual solvents, care should be taken when Compatibility .............................................Cationic and nonionic
designing acid treatments. Corrosion rates are tripled or Flash Point (TCC).....................................................77°C (170°F)
quadrupled when anionic anti-sludging agents are added to the pH (neat) ..........................................................................2.0-4.0
inhibited acid. Mutual solvents, cationic gelling agents and Freeze Point......................................................<-30°C (<-22°F)
nonionic surfactants increase the corrosion rate of the inhibited
acid package only slightly. Laboratory tests are highly
recommended to determine the upper temperature limits of any
acid system.
Anionic anti-sludging agents and water-wetting surfactants

should be mixed continuously and run “on-the-fly”. Always
thoroughly mix the acid additives in the acid prior to leaving the
service center and again before pumping downhole.
AI-600 is compatible with intensifiers such as organic acids

(AII-F90), metal halides (AII-240 & AII-241) and antimony
compounds (AII-245).
(Continued)
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AI-600
Corrosion Testing
Table 1
Conditions: N-80 Steel 15% HCl @ 22.2 mls/in2
% AI-600 % AII-F90 Intensifier Time, hrs. Temp, °F / °C Corr. Rate, #/ft2 Pit
0.2 --- 24 150 / 66 0.0081 0
0.2 --- 16 175 / 79 0.0048 0
0.4 --- 16 200 / 93 0.0132 0
0.6 2.0 6 225 / 107 0.0140 3,0,0
0.6 3.0 6 250 / 121 0.0133 0,1,0
0.6 3.0 6 275 / 135 0.0141 3,0,0
0.6 4.0 6 300 / 149 0.0217 1,1,1
1.0 6.0 2 350 / 177 0.0240 0,0,0
Table 2
Conditions: N-80 Steel 28% HCl @ 22.2 mls/in2
0.4 --- 24 150 / 66 0.0107 0,0,0
0.8 --- 16 175 / 79 0.0155 0,0,3
1.0 --- 16 200 / 93 0.0321 0,0,0
0.6 4.0 6 225 / 107 0.0115 1,0,0
0.6 6.0 6 250 / 121 0.0169 0,0,0
0.6 6.0 6 275 / 135 0.0165 0,0,0
1.0 6.0 6 300 / 149 0.0221 0,0,0
Table 3
Conditions: N-80 Steel 12-3 Mud Acid @ 22.2 mls/in2
0.1 --- 24 150 / 66 0.0161 0,3
0.2 --- 24 150 / 66 0.0085 0,1,0
0.3 --- 24 175 / 79 0.0089 0,0,0
0.4 --- 16 200 / 93 0.0114 0,0
0.4 3.0 6 225 / 107 0.0151 4,3
0.6 3.0 6 250 / 121 0.0157 3,0,3
0.6 4.0 6 275 / 135 0.0162 0,0
0.8 4.0 6 300 / 149 0.0233 3,3
(Continued)
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AI-600
Corrosion Testing
Table 4
Conditions: J-55 Steel 15% HCl & 12-3 Mud Acid @ 22.2 mls/in2
% AI-600 % AII-F90, Intensifier Acid Type Time, hrs. Temp, °F / °C Corr. Rate, #/ft2 Pit
0.2 --- 15% HCl 24 150 / 66 0.0110 0,0,0
0.2 --- 12-3 Mud 24 150 / 66 0.0086 0,0,0
0.6 --- 15% HCl 16 200 / 93 0.0143 0,0,0
0.4 --- 12-3 Mud 16 200 / 93 0.0127 0,0,0
0.6 4.0 15% HCl 6 300 / 149 0.0174 0,0,0
Table 5
Conditions: CR-13 15% & 28% HCl and 12-3 Mud Acid @ 22.2 mls/in2
0.4 --- 15% HCl 24 150 / 66 0.0317 0,0,4
0.8 --- 28% HCl 24 150 / 66 0.0237 0,3,0
0.4 --- 12-3 Mud 24 150 / 66 0.0136 0
0.6 --- 15% HCl 24 175 / 79 0.0246 0
1.2 --- 28% HCl 24 175 / 79 0.0798 2,5
0.4 --- 12-3 Mud 24 175 / 79 0.0177 0
0.8 --- 15% HCl 16 200 / 93 0.0400 3,0,3
1.0 --- 28% HCl 16 200 / 93 0.0723 1,3
0.8 --- 12-3 Mud 16 200 / 93 0.0212 0,0,0
1.0 3.0 15% HCl 6 225 / 107 0.0384 1,1,1
2.0 6.0 15% HCl 6 250 / 121 0.0249 1,1,1
(Continued)
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AI-600
Corrosion Testing
Table 6
Conditions: QT-700 15% & 28% HCl and 12-3 Mud Acid @ 22.2 mls/in2
0.1 --- 15% HCl 24 150 / 66 0.0039 0
0.3 --- 28% HCl 24 150 / 66 0.0107 4
0.1 --- 12-3 Mud 24 150 / 66 0.0045 0
0.2 --- 15% HCl 24 175 / 79 0.0037 0,0,0
0.4 --- 28% HCl 24 175 / 79 0.0177 0,1,1
0.1 --- 12-3 Mud 24 175 / 79 0.0074 0
0.3 --- 15% HCl 16 200 / 93 0.0075 0,0,0
0.4 --- 28% HCl 16 200 / 93 0.0288 3,3
0.2 --- 12-3 Mud 16 200 / 93 0.0090 1,1,0
0.4 2.0 15% HCl 6 225 / 107 0.0054 0
0.6 2.0 28% HCl 6 225 / 107 0.0061 0
0.4 2.0 12-3 Mud 6 225 / 107 0.0057 0
1.0 2.0 15% HCl 6 250 / 121 0.0076 0,0,0
0.8 2.0 15% HCl 6 275 / 135 0.0097 0,0,0
1.0 3.0 28% HCl 6 275 / 135 0.0129 0,0,0
0.8 2.0 12-3 Mud 6 275 / 135 0.0168 0,0,0
1.0 2.0 15% HCl 6 300 / 149 0.0111 0,0,0
1.0 3.0 28% HCl 6 300 / 149 0.0223 0,0,0
0.8 2.0 12-3 Mud 6 300 / 149 0.0145 0,0,0
Pit Ranking*
Rank Description of Pitting

0 No pits. Surface same as for original untreated coupon.
1 Intergranular corrosion on cut edge of coupon, giving a sintered effect; no pits on major surfaces.
2 Small, shallow pits on cut edges; no pits on major surfaces.
3 Scattered, very shallow pin point pits, less than 25 pits on either surface.
4 More than 25 pits of Rank 3 on either surface.
5 Ten or less pits of 1/32” to 1/16” diameter, 1/64” to 1/32” deep.
6 11-25 pits of Rank 5.
7 More than 25 pits of Rank 5.
8 Pits larger than 1/16” but less than 1/8” in diameter, greater than 1/32” deep, 100 or less in number.
9 Any pitting more severe than Rank 8.
Pitting represented by Ranks 1, 2, 3 and 4 are usually not considered serious. Ranks 1 and 2 are on surfaces that normally do not occur
in oil well tubular goods.
* - SPE 5644, C.F. Smith, F.E. Dollarhide & Nancy J. Byth; Dowell. Presented at 50th Annual Meeting of SPE, Dallas, TX 9/28 10/1/75.
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ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

Anionic anti-sludging agents and water-wetting surfactants

AI-600 is compatible with intensifiers such as organic acids

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

ISO 9001 Certified

Clearwater 713/693-4844 Headquarters www.cwichem.com

Rank Description of Pitting

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