PE4 Team Sports

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PE 4
Team Sports
 Softball
 Volleyball
 Basketball
 Football
2nd Semester 2020-2021

Under New Normal
Prepared by:
IPE-PE 4 Faculty
Unit I
SOFTBALL
Introduction
SOFTBALL
Softball is an example of team sports that is played by ten players. It is a variant

of baseball and a popular participant sport, particularly in the United States. Despite its name,
softball is far from a soft sport — for starters, the ball isn’t even soft. Players have to be quick in
the outfield and run between bases, and those who excel in the infield need lightning-fast
reflexes to play successfully.
Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate basic skills associated with softball, including hitting, throwing, and

catching.
2. Identify the different rules, facilities, and equipment.
3. Recite the different common terminologies and hand signals in softball.
HISTORY
George Hancock in Chicago created softball in 1887. The game originated as an indoor variation
of baseball and was eventually converted to an outdoor game. The popularity of softball has
grown considerably, both at the recreational and competitive levels. Women’s fast pitch softball
was a popular high school and college sport; it was recognized as an Olympic sport in 1996.
In 1923 a rules committee was appointed to publish and circulate a standard set of rules. The
committee was later enlarged to form the International Joint Rules Committee on Softball, which
included representatives of a number of organizations that promote and sponsor softball.
The Amateur Softball Association of America, organized in 1933, came to be the recognized
governing agency for promotion and control of the organized national competition.
The Fédération Internationale de Softball (International Softball Federation), which was

formed in 1952, acts as a liaison between more than 40 softball organizations of several
countries. Headquarters are in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The federation coordinates

international competition and regular regional and world championship tournaments for men and
women. In 1996 a women’s softball competition was added to the Olympic Games. It was
removed from the Games following the 2008 Summer Olympics. Still, it was added back to the
program of the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were postponed until 2021, owing to a
worldwide coronavirus pandemic.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Image source: https://www.baseball-softball.de/
In softball, it is extremely important for players to protect themselves from the high
speeds the ball travels at. Depending on which position you play, you will have to wear
protective gear that will allow to move comfortably and safely during games and practices.
Source:
http://www.sportspectator.com/fancentral/softball/guide03.html
FIELDERS

Two teams compete in each softball game. Nine players man the field, while nine batters hit in a
predetermined order for each team, known as the “batting order” or “lineup.” The players who
have defensive positions often called “fielders,” are the same ones that bat during the other half
of the inning. The nine defensive positions can be grouped into two general categories: infielders
and outfielders.
Infielders
Pitcher: Pitches the ball from the pitcher’s mound to the catcher.
Catcher: Crouches behind home plate and receives pitches thrown by the pitcher. Also
receives throws from fielders attempting to make outs at home plate.
First baseman: “Fields,” or defends, balls hit near the 1st baseline. Receives throws from
fielders attempting to make outs at 1st base.
Second baseman: Fields balls hit near 2nd base. Receives throws from fielders attempting to
make outs at 2nd base. Often involved in a double-play.
Third baseman: Fields balls hit near the 3rd base line. Receives throws from other fielders
attempting to make outs at 3rd base.
Shortstop: Fields balls hit between the second baseman and third baseman. Covers 2nd base
when the ball is hit to the second baseman.
Outfielders

Three outfielders — left fielder , center fielder and right fielder — attempt to catch
balls hit into their portion of the outfield. Balls hit to the outfield are generally ground balls or fly
balls hit past the infield.
SOFTBALL BASIC EQUIPMENTS
1. BALL
The official softball is a smooth-seam ball 12 inches (30.5 cm) in circumference,
weighing between 6.25 and 7 ounces (177 and 198 grams).
2. BATS
Bats must be round, not more than 34 inches (86.4 cm) long, and not more than 2.25
inches (5.7 cm) in diameter at the largest part.
3. CLEATS
Cleats or studs are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or an external attachment to a shoe
that provides additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or
blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber, or metal.

4. BATTING HELMET
Batters wear a batting helmet in the game of baseball or softball. It is meant to protect the
batter's head from errant pitches thrown by the pitcher.
5. BATTING GLOVES
Batting gloves are a component in bat-and-ball games sportswear. Typically consisting of
a leather palm and back made of nylon or another synthetic fabric, the glove covers one
or both hands of a batter, providing comfort, preventing blisters, warmth, improved grip,
and shock absorption when hitting the ball.
6. CATCHING GLOVES
A Softball Glove is one of the most important things to have when playing the field. With
a deeper pocket than a baseball glove, it will help handle the bigger ball.
7. LEG GUARDS (SHIN GUARDS)

Baseball catcher's leg guards cover both legs from your knee down to the tops of your
feet. Be sure leg guards totally cover your knees and the tops of your feet to protect
sensitive areas where a foul ball or wild pitch could do serious damage.
8. CHEST GUARDS
A protective pad worn over the chest by a catcher or umpire to shield the body from foul
tips.
BASIC SKILLS
1. PITCH-
Understand the difference between slow-pitch and fast-pitch softball. There are two types of softball
competition, with slight differences between them. Both follow the same general rules.
 Slow-pitch is typically coed, and, as the name suggests, the ball is pitched by lobbing it in a high,
slow arc toward home plate.
 Fast-pitch is played primarily by women and features very quick pitches with large wind-ups.
2. BATTING
Ready your stance. When you’re up to bat, it is not enough just to stand at the plate. Here are a few
batting-stance tips to keep in mind every time you go up to hit:
 Keep your feet at shoulder width from each other. Place them equidistant from home
plate (unless you're trying to hit down one foul line or the other).
 Bend your knees and lean slightly toward home plate.
 Put more weight on your back leg. When you swing, you will push off using your back
leg for power.
 Keep the appropriate distance from the plate. To know how far away you should stand,
stick your bat straight out over home plate as if you were in mid-swing. The barrel of the bat
should be above the center of the plate. If not, back up or move closer to the plate.
Hold the bat in a comfortable grip. When you bat, you should be holding the rubber grip near the
knobbed end. Your throwing hand should be higher on the bat than your non-throwing hand, and your
hands should be touching each other as they grip the bat.
 Line up your knuckles on the handle of the bat.

 When you take your stance, the bat should be held at a slight angle from vertical above
your back shoulder.
 Hold the bat with your hands near your ear.

Prepare to swing. Maintain your batting stance as the pitch comes toward you. Keep your knees bent,
and the bat positioned near your ear.
Swing to hit the ball. Keep the bat horizontal as it sweeps through the strike zone. Don't reach for a bad
pitch. Patiently wait for a good pitch. Swinging at a bad pitch rarely results in a hit.
 Swing “shoulder to shoulder.” This means that your chin starts out near your non-
throwing shoulder, and you swing all the way around so that your throwing shoulder finishes
near your chin.
 Swing hard with strong follow-through. This means to continue the swing until the bat
almost touches your non-throwing shoulder. If you hit the ball, don’t drop the bat as soon as you
make contact, as you will lose half of your power. Use all your strength and continue the swing
until the bat has moved to the other side of your body.
 Move your feet. Most batters take a small step with their front foot toward the pitcher as
they swing. The back foot normally remains planted, although you may find that you pivot on
the ball of your back foot as you swing.
 An exception to the rule of keeping your back foot planted on the ground occurs if you're
trying to hit to the opposite field. For instance, if a right-handed batter is trying to hit the right
field, s/he may want to move her/his right foot farther from the plate just before swinging, thus
facing more toward the right field.
 Rotate your body with the swing. Remain flexible while you swing by twisting your torso
slightly. This will add power to your swing.
 Keep your eye on the ball. Watch it all the way from the pitcher's hand to the point of
contact with the bat. This will improve your chances of hitting the ball solidly.
 Once you hit the ball, softball etiquette requires that you not throw the bat. Instead, drop
it as carefully as possible outside the baseline so that nobody trips over it.
3. THROWING
Start by throwing to a nearby target. Although it's easy to get excited and start throwing at a target 100
feet (30.5 m) away, this is definitely not what you should do. Throwing too hard at first can increase the
likelihood of injuring yourself.
 Start throwing at a target ten feet away. This may seem too close, but as your arm gets
loosened up, you will gradually back away from your target.
 To emphasize basics, start out by throwing from a kneeling position while holding your
throwing elbow in place. This will force you to snap your wrist as you throw, a technique you
should always use when throwing because it adds power to your throw. After doing this for a
while, you can progress to standing.
 After every twenty or so throws, you can back farther from your target. Don't back so far
that you're making uncomfortably long throws repeatedly. Save that for the games.
Get in the correct throwing stance. Start by standing perpendicular to your line of throw. When you
begin the throw, your throwing shoulder will face away from your target.
 Your feet should be level with each other and shoulder-width apart.
 To start a throw, you will probably want to hold the ball inside your glove near your
chest. Keep a grip on the ball while it's in the glove.
Grip the ball correctly. The best way to hold the ball is with your fingertips touching a seam.
Wind up your arm to throw. Pull the ball from your glove, drop your arm down and back, then bring it
up and around past your head to throw.
 Avoid drawing your elbow straight back as if you were pulling a slingshot or bow and
arrow. This will limit the power and distance of your throw.
 Don’t worry about dropping your throwing arm all the way down your side before
bringing it back and around. Wind up your arm, and use the full weight of your body to aid in
making the throw.
4. CATCHING
Hold your glove properly. When you are playing catch, your glove must be held in front of your chest.
 Don't hold your glove with the pocket facing you or with the fingers pointing toward the
ground. If you try to catch a ball like that, it could bounce up and hit you in the face.
 Don't hold your glove vertically because if you don’t have a good grip on the ball, it
might pop out of your glove right after you’ve caught it.
 Hold the glove wide open so that there is room for the ball to land. If your glove is even
partially closed, the ball may hit the outside of the glove and fall to the ground instead of
landing inside.
2.
Get in the ready position. If you are playing catch, the best position to be in is the “ready position,” with
your knees slightly bent and your torso leaning slightly forward on the balls of your feet. This allows you
to shuffle in any direction to catch a ball not headed straight for you.
 Keeping your feet too close together could cause you to trip or make it harder to get a
good jump on a ball hit far away from you.
 Keep your eyes open. Softballs, contrary to what the name suggests, can be painful if
they hit you. Keep your glove in the ready position to catch a stray ball coming your way.
3.
Play catch whenever you can. The best way to practice catching is simply to play catch. Practice
throwing and catching in the ready position. Concentrate on holding your glove the right way.
 To start, have balls thrown toward your chest. This is the most basic catching practice
and will help you to warm up.
 Squeeze the ball in your glove every time you make a catch to keep it from bouncing out
of the glove. Use your throwing hand to trap the ball inside as soon as it enters the glove.

 Have your partner throw balls slowly to start before making stronger throws. This will
help you get used to the contact and grip necessary to catch the ball.
4.
Learn to catch grounders. A grounder is a ball hit or thrown that rolls or bounces along the ground. You
catch them with a different method than balls in the air.
 Get in the ready position, but instead of holding your glove to your chest, hold it near the
ground. The tips of the fingers should touch the dirt or grass to prevent the ball from rolling
under the glove.
 Be ready to move to either side, as rocks or tufts of grass can cause the ball to make a
sudden change in direction.
 Although your glove should be open toward the ball with the fingertips touching the
ground, don’t hold it so that the ball could bounce up and hit you in the face. Keep it at a slight
angle to prevent this.
 Stand up after catching a grounder to make a throw. Don’t try to make a throw from your
position near the ground.
5.
Learn how to catch pop-flies. A pop-fly is a ball hit high in the air above the infield or shallow outfield.
 Hold your glove near your face.

 Move under the ball. If you need to back up, don't run backwards, because you could trip
and fall. Instead turn your body so that you can run back sideways while looking up at the ball.
 Position yourself so that you don't have to reach out to catch the ball. Stand directly
beneath it so that you catch it near your face. Reaching for it will increase the likelihood that the
ball will bounce off or out of your glove.
 If necessary, block out the sun or field lights with your glove to help you see before
making the catch.
 Bring the glove back to your chest before grabbing the ball with your throwing hand.
This will help you realign your body into the proper throwing position.
SCORING
To score a run, the batsman must successfully first hit the ball and make it around the bases
without being given out. One run is scored for every batsman they manage to get around. A run
can be scored even if the batsmen who hit the ball don’t make it round to home plate but manage
to get a player already on one of the bases home.
The Basic Rules of Softball
 Two teams (of nine players) alternate turns at batting and fielding (often called defense).
 The team batting aims to advance a runner around all bases to the home plate to score
runs.
 The defending team tries to defend its bases by getting three outs and not allowing the
batting team to score.

 The team that scores the most runs in seven innings wins. (A tiebreaker procedure comes
into play if the scores are tied after the seventh innings.)
 Each team’s innings ends when three of its batters have been ruled out and then the team
that was defending goes into bat.
The playing field
 There are four bases (first base, second base, third base and home plate) on the field of
play.
 The lines between the bases are generally 45 to 60ft (approximately 12 to 18m) apart and
when joined, they form a ‘diamond’.
 Inside the diamond is the infield which contains the pitcher’s plate from which the pitcher
throws the ball underarm; outside the baselines is the outfield.
 Any ball going outside the first or third baseline is a foul ball (runners are not allowed to
advance and the batter gets another try unless the ball was caught in the air, in which case they
are out).
So how can a batter or runner be given out?
A batter or runner is out in the following circumstances:
 If the ball the batter has just hit is caught without first bouncing.
 The ball is thrown to a base before a runner gets there.
 A player running between bases is tagged by the ball (touched by the ball or the glove of
the defending player).
 If three strikes are called by the umpire.
 They run more than 3ft (0.9m) out of the baseline to avoid being tagged.
There are many softball rules specific to the pitcher who must pitch the ball into the strike zone
to give the batter a fair chance of hitting it.
Runners must follow a range of rules determining how they are allowed to advance between
bases, but you can find out the specifics of this the more you watch and play.
SIGNALS
Communication is essential to umpiring and the first line of communication is the umpire’s
signals. These signs enable one umpire to let a fellow umpire know the game situation on a
specific play. These decisions are also relayed to the players, coaches, and spectators by their
usage.

Count
Signal: The umpire will show the number of balls using the fingers on his or her left hand and
the number of strikes with the right. The numbers will also have to be called out loud too,
starting with the number of balls, then the number of strikes. What it means: This helps to update
all the players on what is going on in the game.
Delayed dead ball
Signal: A clenched left fist, stretched out at the side. What it means: A live ball refers to a ball
that is in play. When the defensive side commits an error, the ball should be called dead.
However, if the offensive team is already running and has a chance to score, the ball’s so-called
death may be delayed.
Double
Signal: Right arm is put up, displaying two fingers, along with the call, “two bases.” What it
means: The batter has hit a fair ball that eventually bounces out of play but manages to run past
first base and reach second base before that happens.
Fair ball
Signal: Using the hand that is in closer proximity to the infield, the umpire will point to the ball.
He or she will also point towards the infield space with the other hand.
What it means: If it is not clear whether or not a ball has landed on fair territory, the umpire will
have to wait till it ceases all movement before declaring judgment. If the ball is considered fair,
this signal will be presented.
Foul ball
Signal: The dead ball signal - two palms raised and facing outwards at either side of the body -
will be shown, along with a call of “foul ball.”What it means: When an action on the field is
deemed illegal, the ball will be called dead.
Foul tip
Signal: Bringing the fingers from both hands down to meet in front of the chest, the umpire will
follow the foul tip signal with a strike signal - by putting his or her right hand to face the ear,
then folding it back down at the elbow with a clenched fist. No verbal notification will be given.
What it means: When the batter bats a ball straight into the catcher’s hands, a foul tip occurs.
This is counted as a strike, and the ball remains in play.

Hold up play
Signal: The umpire will raise the hand that is nearer to the pitcher with his or her palm facing out
like a stop signal. What it means: This signal notifies the pitcher not to start the game yet
because the batter is still not ready to bat.
Home run
Signal: Right fist rotating in a counter-clockwise motion while raised. The umpire will also
declare “home run.”
What it means: The batter has hit the ball far enough to allow him to run back to home base,
having run through the first, second, and third bases as well.
Infield fly
Signal: Right fist displayed, along with the call “infield fly”.
What it means: If the umpire decides, while the ball is in mid-flight, that the defensive team will
definitely be able to catch it easily, they will call the batter out under the infield fly rule.
Play ball
Signal: A wave to the pitcher, using the hand that is closer to him or her. “Play ball” will also be
announced.
What it means: This is the signal for the pitcher to throw the ball and start the game.
Strike/out
Signal: Beginning with both hands in front of the chest, the umpire will raise his or her right
hand to face the ear. Following that, he or she will form a clenched fist and put it back down,
resuming the original position by bending at the elbow.
What it means: A strike happens when the batter misses a pitch. Three strikes becomes one
“out.”
Trapped ball or safe
Signal: Arms spread out at the sides, forming a horizontal line, palms down. The umpire’s
decision, whether “trapped ball” or “safe”, will also be announced.
What it means: Trapping occurs when a ball hasn’t been caught properly, hitting the ground
before the player catching it can scoop it up. It is up to the umpire to make the final decision
whether or not the ball is safe or trapped.
References:
http://www.sportspectator.com/fancentral/softball/guide03.html
https://sites.google.com/site/othspedept/softball
https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/softball.html
International Softball Federation (ISF).

https://www.softball.org.nz/site/softballnz/files/SNZ%20Umpires/TCU%20TOOL%20BOX/ISF
%20UMPIRE%20MANUAL%20v2%20January%201%202014.pdf
https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Baseball-and-Softball/How-To-Play/Softball-for-Beginners/Umpire-
signals-in-softball#:~:text=Signal%3A%20Bringing%20the%20fingers%20from,verbal%20notification
%20will%20be%20given.
https://www.realbuzz.com/articles-interests/sports-activities/article/the-rules-of-softball/#:~:text=The
%20basic%20rules%20of%20softball&text=The%20aim%20for%20the%20team,runs%20in%20seven
%20innings%20wins.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/softball/softball_overview.htm?
fbclid=IwAR1ACeyC8BjFAugQ0rXYv0vWrjrGhDh8NYfDxGIpfQ2w7ALHsgO0ZJV1l08
https://websites.sportstg.com/get_file.cgi?
id=3804926&fbclid=IwAR0UPKyPk5JADYqEi6WYQYy6poJnluPQsDwxzEnqqKRSleQp4LIEgV4c8iE
List of Activities
ACTIVITY 1
In a recital form, the students will make a 2-minute video
presentation enumerating and discussing at least 10 terminologies of
Softball.
ACTIVITY 2
Using available materials, the students will make a video
presentation making an improvised
RUBRICS bat and ball.
FOR ACTIVITY 1 The video must
show the process and explain the different materials used in the
equipment.
ACTIVITY 3
RUBRICS equipment,
After making the improvised FOR ACTIVITY 2
the students will make a 2-
minute video presentation performing the proper stances of throwing
CRITERIA EXCELLENT 25 VERY GOOD 20 GOOD 15 FAIR 10
and batting. Each skill must be executed 5 times in a row. This will
1. Ideas Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague or
original manner. consistent manner. general. unclear.

2. Diction and High level of delivery Some are in good Basic level of Not challenging and
Conveyance w/ creative attempts delivery w/ creative difficulty and not not identifiable.
successful. attempts. creative.
3. Loud and The recital was done 75% of the recital 50% of the recital The recital was not
Clear Voice consistently controlled. done was was done done consistently
controlled. controlled. controlled
throughout the video
4. Content Reveals high degree of Critical thinking is Some critical Ideas are vague with
critical thinking. weaved into points thinking is present. little evidence of
critical thinking.
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 1
Criteria Exemplary Proficient Partially Proficient Unsatisfactory

20 points 15 points 10 points 5 points
Content Presentation shows a Some parts are well Portions may be Not organized and
continuous documented and poorly documented shows poor effort at
progression of organized. Shows and organized. Hard all.
complete details. good effort in making to follow the
Well documented and improvised procedure in making
organized equipment. improvised
equipment.
Work Quality The work done The work was done Work is done with Work is done with
And Effort exceeds expectations with good effort that fair effort, but the little effort; quality is
and shows that the shows what the quality is still not not what the students
students are proud of students are capable what the students are capable of. It is
their work. Maximum of. It is evident effort are capable of. It is evident that the work
effort was put into into the presentation. evident that the was rushed and little
the video work was rushed. time was spent on the
presentation. final product. Work is
incomplete.
Design The quality and The quality and The quality and The quality and
materials in the video materials in the video materials in the materials in the video
are very well adequately organized video lacked some are not organized and
organized and and somewhat clear. organization and lack clarity
understandable. 50% clear.
Authenticity/C All materials being Most materials being Some of the There is no
reativity/ used are recyclable used are recyclable materials being used recyclable materials
Resourcefulnes materials materials. are recyclable being used.
s materials.
Over All The overall quality of Most of the quality of The quality of the The quality of the
Presentation the video and the the video and the video is fine but video and the focus
focus were excellent. focus were excellent. overall focus was are not very good.
Excellent camera Good use of graphics excellent. Sound is Use of elements
techniques used for and/or elements. lacking or detracts from video
the video and pictures Sound quality is inappropriate. Some
are in focus and have good. Video clips or pictures or video
good quality. picture are clear and clips may be out of
in focus. focus or shaky.

CRITERIA EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD 15 FAIR 10
25 20
1. Accuracy of Both extremities Both Both Both extremities
movements are in position. extremities are extremities are are out of
All movements to in position. All in position. All position. All
stance are seem movements are movements are movements are
less. satisfactory. acceptable. unsatisfactory.
2. Power Showing Showing good Showing Showing light
excellent power in power in adequate power power in
executing the executing the in executing the executing the
techniques. techniques. techniques. techniques.
3. Mastery Showing 100% Showing good Showing Showing no
knowledge in knowledge in adequate knowledge in
executing batting executing knowledge in executing batting
and throwing. batting and executing and throwing.
throwing. batting and Committing
Committing throwing. errors throughout
minimal errors. Committing the performance.
repetitive errors.
4. Timeliness The performance The The performance
was submitted on The performance was submitted 4
or before the performance was submitted 3 days the deadline.
deadline. was submitted 1 days after the
day after the deadline.
deadline.
Unit II
Volleyball
Introduction:
Volleyball is an adaptive team sport that can be played by different player numbers; all male, all
female, or mixed teams can play it. The basic aim of the game is to prevent the ball served over
the high net from hitting the floor on your side and returning it so that it hits the floor on the side
of the opponent until it can be returned.
Volleyball is a game that challenges the participant’s skill in the use of the hands and agility in
jumping, bumping, reaching, and hitting. Hitting motions that require the use of proper body
control and muscular coordination are constantly demanded.
Volleyball is a game of which the limit of man’s ability is completed. It is a sport played by two
teams on a playing court divided by a net. This sport has different version and/or dimensions that
offer versatility to everyone. Volleyball is considered not only as a recreational sport but as an
education and a competitive sport as well.
As an educational sport, it is offered as a subject requirement in physical education
curriculum which contributes to the total development of the individual – the physical, mental,
social, emotional, moral, psychological, spiritual and aesthetic values.
As a competitive sport, it offers varied challenges that test the physical and mental
progress, psychological and emotional stability as well as the development of the social and
inter-personal relationship including teamwork and cooperation. It offers a challenge of proving
one’s superiority in skill over the other in pursuit of excellence and supremacy.
As a recreational sport, it encourages participation, and inter-personal relationships,
develops friendship, and other officials involved in coaching courses and seminars, may this
hand book may serve you best.
Learning Objectives:
1. Understand basic volleyball rules, terminology, and officiating hand signals.
2. Demonstrate basic skills associated with volleyball, including passing, setting, serving,
attacking (spiking), and blocking.
3. Understand and apply the knowledge of basic rules of volleyball.
4. Demonstrate proper etiquette and good sportsmanship
Definition / Description of Volleyball

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to basic skills and knowledge associated with
volleyball. By applying these principles through active participation, students develop the
necessary skills and knowledge to play volleyball. In addition, this course provides students with
opportunities to improve physical fitness, acquire knowledge of fitness concepts and practice
positive personal and social skills. Students will gain an understanding of how a wellness
lifestyle affects one’s health, fitness and physical performance.

History of Volleyball
In 2016, the sport of Volleyball is over 120 years old!
Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million
players worldwide who play volleyball at least once a week.
William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of

New York, invented the volleyball game, originally called
"Mintonette," in 1895.
The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian
Association) Springfield Campus, where he met James Naismith, who had invented basketball
in 1891. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the YMCA in Auburn (Maine) and then
moved to the YMCA in Holyoke (Massachusetts) during the summer of 1895, where he became
director of physical education.
Morgan knew of no comparable game that could lead him to volleyball; he developed it from his
own methods of sports training and practical experience at the YMCA gymnasium. "Describing
his first experiments, he said, "Tennis happened to me in search of a suitable game, but this
involved rackets, balls, a net and other equipment, so it was removed, but it seemed nice to have
the idea of a net.
Eventually, Morgan asked the firm about A.G. Spalding & Bros. to make a ball that they did at
their factory in Massachusetts near Chicopee. The outcome was satisfactory: the ball was
wrapped in cloth, with an inner tube of rubber, with a diameter of not less than 25 and not more
than 27 inches (63.5 cm and 68.6 cm respectively) and a weight of not less than 9 and not more
than 12 ounces (252 g and 68.6 cm respectively). Morgan asked two of his friends from
Holyoke, Dr. Frank Wood and John Lynch, to draw up (based on his suggestions) the basic
concepts of the game together with the first 10 rules.
One of the spectators of this exhibition match, Dr. Alfred T.

Halstead suggested to Morgan that a better name for the
sport than Mintonette would be “Volley Ball” (originally
two words until 1952, when it was officially changed to one
word) as obviously the game primarily consisted of volleying a
ball back and forth. Alfred Thompson Halstead (1862-1908)
graduated from Springfield College in 1891 and is credited
with popularizing volleyball. Invented in 1895 by William G.
Morgan in Holyoke, MA, volleyball was originally intended
for businessmen who desired an activity less strenuous than
basketball.
In the Philippines, the history of volleyball dates

back to 1910. That year, the YMCA's Physical Director,
Elwood S. Brown, first brought volleyball to the
Philippines. According to information from the Philippine
Volleyball Federation, or PVF, Philippine citizens started
playing volleyball as a backyard sport and beach volleyball
games soon followed. The net between two trees was
hanged by the players.
Facilities and Equipment’s

1. The Ball
Volleyballs have a diameter of 8.15”-8.39” (20.7-21.3 cm) and circumference of 22.59”-26.34”
(65-67 cm). The mass of a Volleyball is between 9-10 oz (260-280 g) with a pressure between
0.300 – 0.325kg/cm²
 Light color or combination colors
 Synthetic leather material
 Should comply with FIVB standard
2. The Net and Posts

The international net heights for sitting volleyball teams are 3 feet 9.28 inches or 1.15 meters for
men's teams, and 3 feet 5.34 inches or 1.05 meters for women's teams.
Nets and posts
The net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m high for women. It is placed vertically over the center
line. It is 1.00m wide and 9.5m-10m long and is 10cm square black mesh. The height of the net
is measured from the center of the playing court. Top horizontal band 7cm, bottom band 5cm.
Side bands – 2 side bands are placed directly above each side line.
Antennae – Length (1.80m), Place at the outer edge of each band at the opposites sides, made of
fiber glass or similar material.

3. Playing Area
Volleyball Courts are flat horizontal playing surfaces sized for the game of volleyball. Volleyball
courts are regulated at 59' (18 m) in length with a width of 29.5' (9 m). Attack lines dividing the
front and back rows are marked 9'10” (3 m) parallel to the net.
Dimensions. The playing court is 18m long and 9m wide and is surrounded by a free zone 3m
wide on all sides. The space above the playing area is known as the free playing space and is a
minimum of 7m high from the playing surface.
 Diagonal Measurement
 End to end line 2.12m
 End line to center line 12.73m
 End line to Attack line 10.81m (own court)
 End line to attack line 15.00m (other court)

Playing Surface
 Flat, horizontal and uniform and should present no danger.
 For, FIVB – only wood or synthetic floor is allowed.
 Lines on the court, all lines 5cm, light color (FIVB white)
 Boundary line
 Center Line
 Attack line
 Coach’s restriction line
Zones and Areas

 Front Zone
 Service zone
 Substitution Zone
 Libero Replacement Zone
 Warm-up Area (3x3 outside Free Zone)
 Penalty Area (1x1 Near the control Area)
Temperature:
Minimum FIVB Competition
Not below 10 °C 16 – 25 °C
(50 °F) (61 – 77 °F)
Lighting:
1,000 – 1,500 lux on playing area

Additional Equipment determined by FIVB regulation:
 Bench
 Buzzer
 Scorer’s Table
 Referees Chairs
 Pressure Gauge
 Measuring Rod and others
Basic Volleyball Skills:

1. Passing
2. Setting
3. Spiking
4. Blocking
5. Serving.
Passing - A volleyball pass is a done with the objective to move the ball to a teammate
called a setter. The pass is the first touch by the team.
The skill of passing is executed.
On a ball that was served up on a ball where the opponent is hitting. Basically, on any
ball that has been sent over the net to the court side of your teams, you perform a passing
skill. The volleyball pass is known as a "bump" or a "forearm pass" as it is carried out
to bump the ball using the forearms. Passing in full is a very valuable skill.
Knee Drop Passing Technique
If players on your team can't pass, it will be very difficult to run a volleyball offense.
For example, if your team is unable to pass the ball to the setter, the setter can’t set the
attackers. If the attackers can't be set, it will be very difficult to win volleys and
consequently, score points.
Each team only gets three hits before the ball must be returned to the opponent.
Therefore, passing the ball effectively on the first hit is important to execute the pass-set-
attack offensive sequence.
Two types of Passing:

1. The Forearm Pass
Forearm volleyball pass involves hitting the ball in a controlled manner to your
teammate. The forearms are made into a flat platform, positioned ready for the ball to
come into contact.
It is an attempt to properly handle the opponents service or attack. It is also called
reception.
The arms aren't necessarily swung when passing. Swinging the arms will result in a less
controlled pass. The technique for forearm passing is more of a total body movement, not
an arm swing. When passing, the entire body should be moving forward with a shrug of
the shoulders.
You may have noticed great players moving backwards away from the ball as they pass.
This is ok to do! The best passers seem to move backwards, absorbing the ball on their
arms allowing for more control passing.
The Forearm Pass
 Make a flat surface with arms by placing back of one hand in palm of the other.
 Move feet to get under the ball.
 One foot in front of the other with knees bent.
 Extend arms, body and knees to the ball.
 DO NOT swing your arms, meet the ball with your arms.
 Aim your arms towards the top of the net and not to the ceiling.
2. Overhead Passing
The overhead pass involves hitting the ball using an overhead playing motion to direct
the ball to your teammate. The ball is played with the fingers using an overhead setting
action.
Pre-contact phase:
1. The passer is in ready position with weight on the toes, ready to move, and is
looking at the server to read their shoulders.
2. The passer identifies the direction and trajectory of the ball quickly and starts
moving the body to the anticipated point of contact.
3. As the passer gets to the point of contact with the ball and stops their feet, the
hands come together above and in front of the head. At this point, the knees are
bent and the weight of the body is forward in a stable position. The eyes are still
on the ball and the shoulders are squared to the ball.

Contact phase:
4. The hands are wide open and closer together than when setting. The wrists are
stiff to counter the velocity of the ball and the elbows are bent to allow for good
extension.
5. The shoulders and head pivot slightly in direction of the target. The arms
extend in direction of the target as the legs push on the ground to stabilize the
pass.
The wrists stay strong not allowing the hands to rotate externally.
Post-contact phase:
6. The hands follow through towards the target. The passer finds their balance and
gets ready to cover or hit the ball.
2. Setting – It is act of putting the ball into a position that the attacker can strike the ball
hard towards the opponent’s court.
It is the second step of passing, and it can be done to either dump the ball over into an
undefended spot or to “set” the ball into a position that allows the hitter to spike it over.
The perfect set is a high ball, just inches from the net.
Step No.1: Positioning

Get under the ball in plenty of time and square your feet and shoulders to your target. Put
your right foot slightly ahead of your left and keep knees slightly bent.
Step No.2: Footwork
Place weight on left(back) foot, and transfer weight to right (forward) foot at contact. The
correct body position is with ball, forehead and hips in a vertical line.
Step No.3: Strike
Set the ball just above the head (hairline). Upon contact, hands move forward only. (Do
not let the hands move towards the head upon contact as this may result in a "throw" call
by the ref.)
Step No.4: Follow-Through
Instead, contact ball and move hands through your set. Freeze with hands extended
towards the target. Hands are the same distance apart upon completion as they were
before contact.

3. Spiking / Attacking – It is the act of striking the ball hard overhead just above the net.
This is the common way of getting a score in the game.
Spiking a volleyball entails forcefully striking the ball toward the floor on your
opponent's side of the net. You wait for the setter to set the ball near the net, then
approach the ball, jump, and go in for the "kill." If the ball hits the floor before the other
team can retrieve it, your team gets a point.
Upper Arm is Vertical... In good Position for Elbow to Wrist Follow Through.

A tip or dink is performed by contacting the ball in a controlled manner with the fingers.
With this open hand playing action, the ball is then quickly directed to the opponent’s
court.
Tipping the ball with the fingers can often be deceptive if the spiker has a reputation of
hitting the ball hard.
Approach
 If you are right-handed, your approach should be "Left foot, right foot-left foot, jump"
and vice versa if you are left-handed. (Refer to the picture on the right along with these
steps).
1. The purpose of the first step is to pick up speed and cover distance. The second
stepThe last two steps are much quicker and should place your feet at somewhat of a 45-
degree angle from the net.
2. The second step is also to build up speed and cover distance. Depending on where the
ball is, you should adjust the distance of this step.
3. Along with the third step, swing your arms behind you so that you can raise them with
the last step to gain momentum and extra inches.
4. The final step (the quick two steps) requires you to keep your feet shoulder width apart
for balance and preparation for your jump.
The Jump and Hit
1. After your final step, you should be slightly perpendicular to the net with your hitting
shoulder away from the net.
2. As you jump as high as you can vertically, you need to lift up both arms and swing
down the arm you are not hitting with for momentum.
3. The hitting arm will then follow as you pull your elbow back and bend it
approximately 90 degrees.
4. Then curve it up and swing at the ball, keeping your hand open in order to have
maximum contact. Make sure you are hitting the ball at your highest reach.
5. Swing hard at the ball and snap your wrist in order to keep the ball in the court.
Always follow through with your arm to finish off your hit.
4.Blocking – It is the process of stopping the opponents attempt to strike or attack.
Blocking also defined as deflecting the ball coming from your opponent’s attack hit.
Blocking is a kill in volleyball used to prevent the opponent from a successful attack hit.
A block technique is used to deflect the ball coming from an attacker.
Single Block Double Block

Triple/Collective Block
4 Types of Sets to Anticipate

A blocker needs to understand that the hitter is likely going to hit where the set takes them.
Prepare for these 4 types of situations...
1)Inside set,
2)Outside set,
3)Tip Situation, and
4)Set Off the net.
As a blocker, if you are able to recognize these sets, you'll be better prepared to block.
For example, when the set is more inside, the hitter is more likely to hit crosscourt angle.
If the set is pushed way outside, the hitter tends to hit more down the line.
If the hitter is in trouble, watch out for the tip.
A ball set off the net will be attacked differently than a ball set tight. For example, a hard-hit ball
coming from off the net will go deeper.
To prepare to block...
1. Call out the hitters. For example, #6 outside, #3 middle, and #5 opposite. Know who the
hitters are before the serve.
2. Call out the setter. Is the setter front row or back row? It's important to know if the setter is
front row because if she is, you may have to help out with blocking her.
Penetrating the Net
If you want to be successful blocking in volleyball, you better learn to penetrate above the net
into the opponent’s space. Penetrating the net is considered the most important part to blocking
in volleyball. You want to "seal the area" over the net.
Important tips for hand position...
1. Block with hands, not arms.
2. Many blocks should occur by making contact with just one hand.
3. Block with the big part of your hands... thumbs up and fingers out.
"Front the Hitter"
Most people will hit the ball the direction it takes them.
"Front the Hitter" means get in front of the hitter the direction the hitter is facing.
The blocker could focus on lining up with the "outside hand" on the ball.

Give and Take away Shots
Blocker's need to be skilled at giving and taking away shots.
For example, if a player is known to have a great line hit, the blocker can takeaway line.
Every team needs to have a block and defense strategy.
Keys to an effective Strategy...

1. If the strategy is to block line, don't show it early.
2. Wait and block line late. You don't want to give away your team strategy.
If you wait and show the block late, your opponent will often make a mistake and play right into
your hands.
Having a strategy for blocking in volleyball doesn't guarantee you'll win, but it can help your
team by having a plan of what to do.
Read and Anticipate the Opponent
It's very important to keep your eyes on the setter.
If you learn to "key in" on the setter, you'll learn to get a head start on what the setter is going to
do.
Most setters have "setting technique" that's consistent.
For example, many setters take the ball more out in front of their body when they set outside vs
setting back.
Watching for cues like these will help you get a read on where the ball will be set. This is
important because the better you are at reading the setter, the easier blocking in volleyball.
Tips for Middle Blocking in Volleyball
First thing a middle blocker should do is watch where the ball is passed.
You want to read and track the flight of the ball.
Next, find the middle hitter.
Your #1 responsibility as a middle blocker is to find the middle hitter and know what they
are doing.
Once you have identified what play the middle is likely running, look at the setter and try to
figure out what they are doing.
For clues, watch the setter's hands. Look at hand position and where the ball is going to
contact the hands. If the setter is positioned more behind the ball, look for an outside set. If the
position is more neutral, watch for middle or back. If the setter drops an arm, watch for the
dump.
This all happens really fast. You don't want tunnel vision. You want be able to see both the
hitter and setter. Watch, anticipate, and react.
Once the ball has left the setters hands, you don't need to watch the ball anymore.
The hitter goes where the ball goes. Recognize where the ball is set and watch the hitter.
1) Watch the pass.
2) Watch where the ball goes.
3) Find the setter.
4) Find the middle and figure out what pattern they are running.
5) Find the setter again.
6) After the ball is released from the setter find the hitter.
5. Serving – It is an act of putting the ball in play by hitting the ball in an under hand or
overhand technique towards the opponent’s courtside. These are types of service:
1. Under hand serve – It is an act of serving the ball by hitting it below the waist level instead
of tossing it up and striking it over the head level.
4 Types of Serves in Volleyball Overhand, Underhand, Topspin and Jump
 the underhand serve.

 the overhand serve - float serve.
 the overhand serve - topspin serve.
 the jump serves - jump float.
 the jump spin - jump topspin.
2. Overhead Service – It is an act of serving the ball by tossing it overhead and striking
it above the head level.
Rules and Regulations:
Team Composition (maximum) For FIVB COMPETITION

 12 players 12 regular, 1 or 2 Libero’s is an option.
 1 coach
 2 assistant Coaches
 1 Therapist
 1 Medical Doctor
Basic Volleyball Rules

 6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row.
 Maximum of 3 hits per side.
 Points are made on every serve for winning team of rally (rally-point scoring).
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not considered a hit.)
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in.

 A ball is out if it hits an antenna, the floor completely outside the court, any of the net or
cables outside the antennae, the referee stands or pole, the ceiling above a non-playable
area.
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
 It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
 After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
 Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play. 3-set matches are 2
sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be won by two points. The winner is
the
first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are 4 sets to 25 points and fifth set to 15. The team
must win by 2 unless tournament rules dictate otherwise. The winner is the first team to
win three sets.
Basic Volleyball Rule Violations

 Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent
 When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as while making contact with
the ball.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying,
throwing, etc.)
 Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
 When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, it’s illegal to contact the ball
when reaching over the net if both your opponent has not used 3 contacts and they have a
player there to make a play on the ball.
 When attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of the
net.
 Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body is a violation. Exception: if it is
the hand or foot. In this case, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a
violation.
 Serving out of rotation/order.
 Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at the
moment of contact, the back-row player is near the net and has part of his/her body above
the top of the net. This is an illegal block.
 Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the 3M/10-foot
line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is completely above the net. This is an
illegal attack.
References:
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm
https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball/thegame_glossary/history
https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/basic-volleyball-rules-and-terminology/
https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/history-of-volleyball/

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https://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/volleyball-terms-block.html
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https://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/blocking-in-volleyball.html
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http://www.fivb.org/en/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-
v04.pdf
List of Activities
ACTIVITY 4
Service (Underhand and Overhead Serve)
ACTIVITY 5
Forearm/Bump Pass
ACTIVITY 6
Overhead Pass
Underhand Serve Rubrics:

Needs Improvement Developing Proficient Advanced
Feet
Does not attempt to Stand behind the end Stand behind end line,
complete the Gains a consistency of line facing the target. facing the target.
progression of lining up. Does not lead Staggered feet pointing Staggered feet pointing
elements stated. with correct foot. Needs to a target in bounds. to a target in bounds.
time to gain Backfoot is the striking Backfoot is the striking
consistency/ foot. foot. Very consistent.
quickly work through Process works without
progression of the hesitation.
elements stated.
Hands Does not attempt to Holds the ball too high Front hand: holds ball Front hand: holds ball
complete the or raises the ball prior with an open palm at with open palm at waist
progression of to contact. Needs time waist level-flat. level-flat. Striking hand:
elements stated. to gain Striking hand: Create Create cinnamon roll
consistency/quickly cinnamon roll curling curling index finger &
work through the index finger and thumb thumb to a flat surface.
progression of the to a flat surface. Very consistent. Process
elements stated. works without hesitation.
INSTITUTE OFDeveloping
PHYSICAL EProficient
Needs Improvement
DUCATION
Advanced
Contact Does not attempt to Throws ball up creating Swing arm forward, Swing arm forward, close
complete the a moving target. Needs close to the body. to body. Contact ball
progression of time to gain consistency Contact ball immediately after drop
elements stated. and quickly work immediately after drop without lift or spin.
through progression of without lift or spin. Contact occurs at waist.
the elements stated. Contact occurs at waist. Very consistent. Process
works without hesitation.
Follow Needs Improvement Developing Proficient Advanced
through and
Accuracy Does not attempt to Stops the hands Bring contact hand Bring contact hand
complete the immediately after through ball toward through ball toward
progression of contact, not enough target and step up to target and step up to
elements stated. power to get over the ready position. ready position. Accuracy:
Accuracy: NONE net. Accuracy: Lacks Accuracy: Ball should ball consistently lands
consistency. land over net. over net.
Overhead Serve Rubrics:
Needs Improvement Progressing Proficient Advanced
Does not attempt to Gaining a consistency of Stand behind the end line, Stand behind the end
complete the lining up. Does not lead facing the target. line, facing the target.
progression of with the correct foot.
Feet elements stated. Staggered, feet pointing to Staggered, feet
Needs time to gain a target in bounds. pointing to a target in
consistency and quickly bounds.
work through the Backfoot is the striking
progression of the foot. Backfoot is the
elements stated. striking foot. Toe
drags at contact and
follow-through
Very consistent. This

process works
without hesitation.
Does not attempt to Tosses ball Tosses at a level above the Very consistent toss
complete the inconsistently (in front, head in front of the body. which allows for same
progression of behind, too high or Striking arm forms bow contact point every
elements stated. low). Striking arm is time. Striking arm
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL
loose and does not
EDUCATIONforms bow and arrow
and arrow before contact
Toss/Pre-
form bow and arrow and smoothly
Strike before contact. transitions to reach
above the head. This
Needs time to gain process works
consistency and quickly without hesitation.
work through the
progression of the
elements stated.
There is no contact Contact is on the sides Contact occurs above and Contact occurs above
with the ball. of the hands, fingertips, in front of the head with and in front of the
or wrist/forearm. open palm. head with open palm.
Hands/ Very consistent. This
Needs time to gain process works
Contact consistency and quickly without hesitation.
work through the
progression of the
elements stated.
Does not attempt to Stops the hands Bring the contact hand Bring the contact
complete the immediately after through the ball toward hand through the ball
progression of contact, not enough the target. toward the target.
Follow elements stated. power to get the ball
Accuracy: The ball should Accuracy: The ball
through and over the net.
Accuracy: NONE land over the net. consistently lands
Accuracy Accuracy: Lacks any over the net.
consistency.
Forearm/Bump Pass Rubrics:
Needs Improvement Developing Proficient Mature
Student gets the ball Student gets the ball Student gets the ball Student gets the ball
Leg control through the control through the legs control through the legs by control through the
movement legs by squatting and by squatting and squatting and "getting up" legs by squatting and
"getting up" upon "getting up" upon upon contact with the ball "getting up" upon
contact with the ball contact with the ball most times. contact with the ball
once or never sometimes. all the time.
Student does not Student sometimes Student often forms big Student always forms
Hands form big hands and forms big hands and hands and shapes early. big hands and shapes
does not shape hands shapes early. Ball Ball contacts all fingers. early. Ball contacts all
early. Ball contacts contacts fingers. fingertips.
palms.
Extending the elbow Extending the elbow Extending the elbow and Extending the elbow
Elbows/ and flicking the wrist and flicking the wrist flicking the wrist sideward and flicking the wrist
sideward upon sideward upon contact upon contact with the ball sideward upon contact
Wrist contact with the ball with the ball sometimes most of the time with the ball all the
at least once or never time

Follow through by Follow through by bring Follow through by bring Follow through by
Follow bringing the platform the platform to chest the platform to chest level bring the platform to
through to chest level at least level sometimes. most of the time. chest level all the
once or never. time.
Does not move to the Developing Proficient Mature

ball. Is stationery on
the court OR
Movement to
Movement to the ball
Ball Needs Moves to the ball Moves to the ball fluidly, Moves to the ball
is delayed resulting in
fluidly, staying low. Is staying low. Is often able fluidly, staying low. Is
Improvement run-throughs or
often able to get into a to get into a stable often able to get into a
unnecessary diving
stable platform position platform position at stable platform
most of the time.
at contact at least once. contact at least twice. position at contact at
least thrice.
Overhead Pass Rubrics:
Student gets the ball Student gets the ball Student gets the ball Student gets the ball
Leg control through the legs by control through the control through the control through the
movement squatting and "getting up" legs by squatting and legs by squatting and legs by squatting and
upon contact with the ball "getting up" upon "getting up" upon "getting up" upon
once or never contact with the ball contact with the ball contact with the ball
sometimes. most times. all the time.
Student does not form big Student sometimes Student often forms Student always forms
Hands hands and does not shape forms big hands and big hands and shapes big hands and shapes
hands early. Ball contacts shapes early. Ball early. Ball contacts all early. Ball contacts all
palms. contacts fingers. fingers. fingertips.
Elbows/
Extending the elbow and Extending the elbow Extending the elbow Extending the elbow
Wrist flicking the wrist sideward and flicking the wrist and flicking the wrist and flicking the wrist
upon contact with the ball sideward upon contact sideward upon contact sideward upon contact
at least once or never with the ball with the ball most of with the ball all the
INSTITUTE OF Psometimes
HYSICAL EDUCATION
the time time
Follow
through Follow through by bringing Follow through by Follow through by Follow through by
the platform to chest level bring the platform to bring the platform to bring the platform to
at least once or never. chest level sometimes. chest level most of the chest level all the
time. time.
Does not move to the ball. Developing Proficient Mature
Movement to
Ball Needs Is stationery on the court Moves to the ball Moves to the ball Moves to the ball
OR Movement to the ball fluidly, staying low. Is fluidly, staying low. Is fluidly, staying low. Is
Improvement is delayed resulting in run- often able to get into a often able to get into a often able to get into a
throughs or unnecessary stable platform stable platform stable platform
diving most of the time. position at contact at position at contact at position at contact at
least once. least twice. least thrice.
Unit III
INTR
Basketball, colloquially referred to as hoops, is a team sport in which two teams, most
commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the
primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter)
through the defender's hoop (a basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m)
high to a backboard at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting
through their own hoop. A field goal is worth two points, unless made from behind the three-
point line, when it is worth three. After a foul, timed play stops and the player fouled or
designated to shoot a technical foul is given one, two or three one-point free throws. The team
with the most points at the end of the game wins, but if regulation play expires with the score
tied, an additional period of play (overtime) is mandated.
Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or by passing it to a
teammate, both of which require considerable skill. On offense, players may use a variety of
shots—the lay-up, the jump shot, or a dunk; on defense, they may steal the ball from a dribbler,
intercept passes, or block shots; either offense or defense may collect a rebound, that is, a missed

shot that bounces from rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot without
dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires the knowledge and instinct to perform quickly and
properly. The sport of basketball requires five basic skills. While some players might be more
experienced with some skills than others, it is best to have at least some ability in all five areas.
Learning Objectives:
1. Understand the basic basketball rules and terminology
2. Execute the proper hand signals of the game
3. Demonstrate basic skills associated with basketball including dribbling, passing,

shooting, rebound and defense
4. Perform and apply the knowledge of basic rules of basketball
Definition/ Description of Basketball
The purpose of this course is to introduce students to basic skills and knowledge associated with
basketball. By applying these principles through active participation, students develop the
necessary skills and knowledge to play basketball. In addition, this course provides students with
opportunities to improve physical fitness, acquire knowledge of fitness concepts and practice
positive personal and social skills. Students will gain an understanding of how a wellness
lifestyle affects one’s health, fitness and physical performance.
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian of Scottish descent at
Springfield College Massachusetts. The college was the International YMCA Training School
and the game was invented to provide an indoor activity for trainee YMCA leaders. When the
game was first played, peach baskets were nailed up at each end of the gymnasium as “goals”,
hence the origin of the name “Basketball”
Basketball was introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period with
the first American teachers teaching the sport along with baseball through the YMCA and the
school system. Basketball was first introduced to the Philippine public school system by the
Americans as a women's sport in 1910 and was played in Interscholastic meets in 1911 until
1913. Women's basketball met opposition from conservative groups, particularly the Catholic
Church who view bloomers worn by women basketball players as inappropriate. By the time
skirts were allowed to be worn above bloomers as a compromise, women's basketball was
already in decline and was only played in provincial and local interscholastic meets. Indoor
softball and as well as volleyball became the more preferred sport for Filipino women.
Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while the ball is on, over, or within
the rim. Also touching the ball on its downward flight to the basket before it hits the rim.
Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent them from
getting close to the basket, taking an open short or making easy passes
Ball
A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs usually

range in size from very small promotional items that are only a few inches (some
centimeters) in diameter to extra large balls nearly 2 feet (60cm) in diameter used
in training exercises. Nearly all basketballs have an inflatable inner rubber bladder
, generally wrapped in layers of fiber and then covered with surface made either
from leather (traditional, rubber, or a synthetic composite. As is most inflatable
balls, there is a small opening that allows the pressure to be increased or
decreased.
3.1 BASKETBALL HOOPS/RIMS

 Basketball rims, or hoops, are orange painted goals attached to the backboard and
used for scoring points in a game of basketball. Basketball rims today are designed
as breakaway rims comprised of a hinge and spring that allow the rim to bend when
a player dunks without shattering the backboard. The rim itself is made of a 5/8” |
1.6 cm steel diameter steel rod that is formed into a ring with an inner diameter of
18” | 45.72 cm. Basketball nets are hung from the bottom of the rim with lengths
between 15”-18” | 38.1-45.7 cm. Basketball rims are mounted 10’ | 3.05 m from the
court floor.
Rims & NetsCommon Questions
 How wide is a Basketball Rim?
 Basketball rims have an inner clear diameter of 18” | 45.72 cm.
 What is the size of a basketball compared to the rim?
 Compared to the clear area of the basketball rim, a regulation basketball is 27% of
the size of the opening.
 How low does a basketball net hang?
 Basketball nets hang 15”-18” | 38.1-45.7 cm below the rim.

BASKETBALL JERSEY
The Jersey is important to a player’s identity on the court
BASKETBALL SHORT
Another piece of equipment essential to your uniform are
shorts.
BASKETBALL SHOES
A good pair of shoes will give you an edge on the court while
providing extra safety.
BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
DRIBBLING

The act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a requirement for a
player to take steps with the ball.
 Crossover
 Between the legs
 Behind the back
PASSING
A method of moving the ball between players.
Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase power and are followed
through with the hands to ensure accuracy.
 Chest Pass - The ball is passes directly from the passer’s chest to the receiver's
chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add
velocity and leaves the defense little time to react.
 Bounce Pass - The passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of the way
from his own chest to the receiver.
 Over Head Pass - Used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released
while over the passer’s head.
 No Look Pass - A special way of doing this is passing the ball without looking
at the receiving teammate.
 Behind the Back Pass - Advanced style of passing the ball. Involves throwing
the ball behind the passer’s back to a
 Baseball pass – one- handed pass that uses the same motion as a baseball
throw. This is often used to make long passes.
Shooting
The act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket, methods
varying with players and situations.
 Jumpshot - A jump shot is most frequently used for a mid to long-range shots,
including shooting beyond the arc.
 Lay-up - A layup is a shot made from short range by a player moving towards
the basket. Usually utilizing the backboard if he approaches the hoop from an
angle. This is also one of the most basic and common way of scoring a basket
in the game.
 Dunk - The dunk is usually the most spectacular shot and is one of the
toughest feats in basketball.
 Hook Shot - A hook shot is when the shot is made while your body is not
directly facing the basket.
 Set shot – a two- handed shot in basketball taken from a stationary position

REBOUNDING
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a
missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.
 Defensive rebound - When the opponent make a shot and you secure the
rebound to have the possession.
 Offensive Rebound - When your teammates make a shot and you secure the
possession to stay in your team.
E. Defense
Refers to the defensive strategies , alignments and positioning that team uses to
prevent the opposing offense from scoring baskets. In Basketball , good defense
requires quickness, footwork, and deep understanding of the fundamentals.
Man-to-Man Defense
Man-to-man defense has each defender assigned to defend a certain offensive player -
his or her "man". Sounds simple enough, but great man-to-man defense is much more
than that.
On-ball defenders contain the ball while adjacent defenders "hedge" in the seams to
stop dribble-penetration. Defenders two-passes away from the ball drop off their man
into "helpside" defense. So away from the ball, man-to-man defense looks a lot like a
zone defense, while you have a defender pressuring the ball. If your players are less
athletic, consider the "pack line" defense.
My personal belief is that all young players MUST learn how to play man-to-man
defense. Even high school teams that play zone defense will be stronger defensively if
every player can play pressure, on-ball defense. Understanding helpside defensive
principles makes learning zone rotations easy for most players.
Zone Defense
Zone defense differs from man-to-man defense in that, instead of guarding a

particular player, each zone defender is responsible for guarding an area of the floor,
or "zone", and any offensive player that comes into that area. Zone defenders move
their position on the floor in relationship to where the ball moves.Basketball Rules
The rules of Basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example
professional rules differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international
rules are different from USA professional rules). These rule differences, however, are
usually just variations on the basic game of basketball and the majority of the rules
discussed below can be applied to most any game of basketball played. The winner of a
game is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing the basketball through
the opponent’s hoop or basket.
Object
The game is played with 2 teams. Each team consists of 5 players on the court at a time.
The object of the game is to outscore your opponent by shooting the ball into your basket
and preventing them from putting the ball into theirs. The ball can be advanced up the
floor with the hands only, either by dribbling or passing to teammates.
Playing Area
The basketball court layout is rectangular in shape and is split in half by a mid-court line.
There are 2 baskets, one located at each end of the court. The standard basketball rim is
10 feet off of the ground.
Starting Play
Teams are assigned a basket at which to shoot for the first half, and they switch ends at
half-time. The game begins with a jump ball at center court between one player from
each team. Other players line up in alternating fashion around the center circle. Once the
ball is touched by either player, the game begins. The team in possession of the ball is on
offense and takes the ball toward their basket to score against their opponent who is on
defense.
Fundamentals
The fundamental skills involved in the game, include:
 Dribbling - advancing the ball up the court by bouncing it with one hand.
 Passing and catching - moving the ball around the court by throwing it to teammates.
 Shooting - putting the ball through the hoop.
 Rebounding - gaining possession of the ball from a missed shot that bounces off the
backboard or rim.
 Jumping - an important skill used in rebounding, shooting, and blocking shots.
 Defending - keeping the opponent with the ball from scoring.
 Moving without the ball - to get open for a pass or shot, players must break away from
their defenders and cut to openings on the court
Positions
There are a variety of ways players can line up on the court, but the most common
basketball positions are:
 #1 or Point Guard (PG)
 #2 or Shooting Guard (SG)
 #3 or Wing or Small Forward (SF)
 #4 or Power Forward (PF)
 #5 or Center (C)
Scoring
Points are scored any time the ball goes through the basket.
 3 points = shot made beyond the 3-pt line
 2 points = shot made from anywhere else on the court
 1 point = free throw
Game Length
Games are divided into time segments known as periods. The length and number of each
period differs between leagues. For example, college men's games are divided into 2 20-
minutes halves, college women's games are split into 4 10-minute quarters, while high
school games are made up of 4 8-minute quarters.
Fouls
Basketball fouls are penalties assessed by the referees for rough play to keep a player
from gaining an advantage over another player. A player who is fouled is awarded the
ball out of bounds unless the foul occurred during the act of shooting, in which case the
player who is fouled is awarded 2 free throws.
Each player is allowed 5 fouls before they are removed from the game. Here are some
common basketball fouls:
 Blocking – A personal foul caused when the defender makes illegal personal contact
with an opponent who may or may not have the ball. Blocking is called when the
defender impedes the progress of the opponent.

 Charging (or Player Control Foul) – A personal foul occurring when an offensive
player makes contact with a defender who has already established a set position. A player
with the ball must avoid contact with a stationary defender by stopping or changing
direction.
 Elbowing – It is a violation for a player to swing the elbows excessively.
 Flagrant Foul – A personal or technical foul, which is violent in nature. Examples are
fighting, striking, kicking, or kneeing an opponent.
 Hand Check – A personal foul caused by a defender making repeated contact with her
hands on her opponent.
 Holding – A personal foul caused by illegal contact with an opponent, which interferes
with his freedom of movement.
 Intentional Foul – A personal or technical foul, which keeps the opponent from
capitalizing on an advantageous situation. It could be contact away from the ball or
contact when a defender is not making a legitimate attempt to play the ball or a player. It
also occurs when a player causes excessive contact with an opponent.
 Offensive Foul – A foul caused by an offensive player, usually in the form of charging.
 Personal Foul – Illegal contact with an opponent while the ball is live, which hinders
the opponent's offensive or defensive movement. A personal foul also includes contact by
or on an airborne shooter when the ball is dead.
 Technical Foul – A non-contact foul by a player; an intentional or flagrant contact foul
while the ball is dead; or a violation charged to the head coach because of violations on
the sideline or from bench personnel.
 Team Foul – Any foul charged to a team. Once a team reaches 7 team fouls, its
opponent is in a bonus free throw situation.
Violations
The basketball basic rules include numerous ball handling and time violations that cause
a team to lose possession of the ball. Here are some common violations:
 Back-court Violation – If a player is the last one on her team to touch the ball before it
goes into the back-court, she cannot be the first player to touch it in the back-court.
 Closely Guarded (or Five-second Violation) – Violation that occurs when a ball handler
in his team's front-court is continuously guarded by any opponent who is within 6 feet of
him while he is either dribbling or holding the ball. The offensive player has 5 seconds to
either get rid of the ball or drive past the defender.
 Double Dribble - When a dribbler touches the ball with both hands at the same time or
when the dribbler picks up the ball and then starts dribbling again.

 Goal-tending – Occurs when a player touches a shot ball while it is in its downward
flight above the rim. It also occurs when a defender touches a free throw attempt outside
the basket.  Lane Violation – A violation called during a free throw situation against a
player who enters the lane too soon.
 Ten Seconds in the Back-court – A team has 10 seconds to advance the ball from their
back-court past the half-court line to the front-court.
 Three Seconds in the Lane – An offensive player cannot remain in the free throw lane
for longer than 3 seconds while her team is in control of the ball in the front-court. She
has to clear the lane completely with both feet to stop the official's count. If she receives
the ball while she is in the lane, she is allowed to stay beyond 3 seconds in order to drive
toward the goal for a shot.
 Traveling – A violation caused by moving the feet in any direction without properly
dribbling the ball. It results in a turnover, and the ball is given to the opposing team.
While holding the ball, a player has to establish a pivot foot which has to remain on the
floor at all times until he passes, shoots, or dribbles. While holding the ball, his knee
cannot touch the floor and if he falls, he must get rid of the ball before attempting to get
up.
Every level of competition has its own unique rules.
Modifications
Depending on the number of players, skill level, available equipment, or the size of your
playing area, you can modify the basketball basic rules to fit your needs. Here are some
modifications you can make to get a game going:
 Lower the goals.
 Use other objects for goals like boxes, hoops, or trash cans.
 Use other types of balls, like beach balls, bouncy playground balls, or soft nerf balls.
 Let teams and/or players score without any defense on the floor.
 Play with more or fewer players on each team.
 Don't allow any dribbling. Players are only allowed to pass the ball up the floor.  Use a
smaller court or only play half-court.
 Have shooting contests from different spots on the court..
References:
1. ^ a b c d Henson, Joaquin (2016). "Why Filipinos love basketball". The

Philippine Star2. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
2. ^ Antolihao, Lou (2015). "Spheroid of Influence: Sports, Colonization,
Modernity – Ballers in Bloomers:Sports, Gender, Participation". Playing with the Big
Boys: Basketball, American Imperialism, and Subaltern Discourse in the

Philippines (Illustrated ed.). University of Nebraska Pres. ISBN 978-0803278516.
Retrieved September 26, 2017.
3. ^ a b Pamintuan, Carlo (September 29, 2014). "The Philippines headed
for worst-ever Asian Games finish in basketball". Yahoo PH Sports. Retrieved December
8, 2014.
4. ^ Bartholomew, Rafe. "Pacific Rims". New American Library, 2010, p.
13.
5. ^ Bartholomew 2010, p. 13.
^ https://www.facebook.com/Metro-Manila-Tiong-Lian-Baskteball-Association-
281680648556912
https://www.sportsrec.com/8072917/the-five-basic-skills-of-basketball
https://www.teamsideline.com/Assets/450/Youth%20Basketball%20Coach
%20Resources/Dribbling/Steps%20to%20Dribbling.pdf
https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Basketball/Training-Methods/Basketball-for-
Beginners/The-Different-Types-of-Basketball-Scoring-Shots
https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/fundamentals/ballhandling.html#:~:text=Dribbl
ing%20and%20controlling%20the%20ball,dribbling%20is%20a%20simple%20task.
q=free+throw+shot+basketball+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjSuqHlo6PuAhVENqYKHZ
BFAQcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=free+throw+shot+basketball+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CiogpYtO4K
YI_3CmgAcAB4AoAB8iOIAZd9kgENMy0xLjAuMS4zLjktM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy
13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=RVcEYJKEH8TsmAWQi4U4&bih=600&biw=13
49&hl=en#imgrc=ln9AHrPCh_bjVM&imgdii=_0P8CDLvFMYkYM
https://www.youthhoops101.com/passing-a-basketball.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/basketball-skills-activities-
safety.html#:~:text=Basketball%20skills%20can%20be%20broken,%2C%20stealing
%2C%20and%20again%2C%20rebounding
https://www.ducksters.com/sports/basketballrules.php
https://www.mcvts.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?
moduleinstanceid=6613&dataid=14878&FileName=Basketball%20Basic%20Rules.pdf
List of Activities
ACTIVITY 7
Ball Handling (Slaps, Taps, Wrap, Flips and Flops)
ACTIVITY 8
Dribbling and Passing
ACTIVITY 9
Shooting
BASKETBALL SKILLS RUBRICS
Basketball Excellent Advanced Elementary Basic No Effort

Skills Skill (25) Skill (20) Level (15) Skill (10) Skill
Level 0
pts
Ball -The student is able -The student is able -The student is able to -The student is - No effort
to complete ball to compete the ball compete the ball unable to
Handling handling drills handling drills handling drills perform ball
through cone through cones with through cones but handling drills
without any flaws one mistake with many attempts through cones
Dribbling -Students dribbles - Student dribbles -Student dribbles the -Student - No effort
the ball at the waist the ball at waist ball at varying levels dribbles the
- Student pushes level -Student pushes the ball at varying
the ball down with -Student pushes the ball down with their levels
their fingertips ball down with their fingertips -Student slaps
-Student can use fingertips -Student can dribble the ball down
both hands equally -Student can properly with their with their
while dribbling dribble properly dominant hand but dribbling hand
-Students dribble is with them dominate not equally with their -Student
under control at full hand non-dominate hand cannot dribble
speed -Student loses -Student cannot keep properly with
some control of the control when their dominant
ball when dribbling dribbling at full speed hand or their
at full speed non
-dominant
hand
-Student
cannot keep
control of the
ball when
dribbling at
full speed
Chest Pass -Student always -Student -Student sometimes -Student rarely -No Effort
receives the ball in consistently receives the ball in a receives the
a triple threat receives the ball in triple threat position ball in a triple
position (feet a triple threat (feet shoulder width threat position
shoulder width position (feet apart, and slightly (feet shoulder
apart, and slightly shoulder width staggered, knees bent, width apart,
staggered, knees apart, and slightly shooting hand on top and slightly
bent, shooting hand staggered, knees of the ball and other staggered,
on top of the ball bent, shooting hand hand is to the side of knees bent,
and other hand is to on top of the ball the ball and elbows shooting hand
the side of the ball and other hand is to are bent at 90 on top of the
and elbows are bent the side of the ball degrees). ball and other
at 90 degrees). and elbows are bent -Student sometimes hand is to the
- Hold the ball to at 90 degrees). holds the ball to your side of the ball
your chest. Push off -Hold the ball to chest. and elbows are
with back foot and your chest. -Student sometimes bent at 90
take a step with -Push off with back pushes off with back degrees).
your front foot. foot and take a step foot and takes a step -Student rarely
-Extend your arms with your front with your front foot. holds the ball
in a quick motion to foot. -Student does not to your chest.
pass the ball. -Extend your arms extend your arms in a Student rarely
-Lead your in a quick motion to quick motion to pass pushes off with
teammate when pass the ball. the ball. back foot and
they are moving. -Lead your -Lead your teammate takes a step
-Throw the chest teammate when when they are with your front
pass with some they are moving. moving. foot. Student
velocity. -Throw the chest -Student does not rarely extends
pass with some throw the chest pass your arms in a
velocity. with some velocity quick motion
to pass the
ball.
-Student rarely
leads your
teammate
when they are
moving.
-Student rarely
throws the
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATIONchest pass with

some velocity.
Bounce -Student always -Student -Student Sometimes -Student rarely -No Effort
receives the ball in consistently Receives the ball in a receives the
Pass a triple threat receives the ball in triple threat position ball in a triple
at 90 degrees). and elbows are bent -Hold the ball at the hand is to the
-Hold the ball at the at 90 degrees). waist. Aim for ¾ of side of the ball
waist. Aim for ¾ of -Hold the ball at the the way between and elbows are
the way between waist. Aim for ¾ of yourself and bent at 90
yourself and the way between teammate. degrees).
teammate. yourself and -Student sometimes -Student rarely
-Push off back foot, teammate. pushes their off-back holds the ball
and take a step with -Push off back foot, foot, and takes a step at the waist.
your front foot. and take a step with with your front foot. -Student does
-Extend your arms your front foot. -Sometimes extends not aim for ¾
in a quick and -Extend your arms their arms in a quick of the way
downward motion in a quick and and downward motion between
to pass the ball. downward motion to pass the ball. yourself and
When teammate is to pass the ball. When teammate is teammate.
moving lead the When teammate is moving student -Student does
ball far enough in moving lead the sometimes leads the not push off
front of teammate ball far enough in ball far enough in back foot, and
so he can catch the front of teammate front of teammate so take a step
ball in stride. so he can catch the he can catch the ball with your front
ball in stride. in stride. foot.
-Student does
not extend
their arms in a
quick and
downward
motion to pass
the ball.
-When
teammate is
moving the
student does
not lead the
ball far enough
in front of
teammate so
he can catch
the ball in
stride.
Overhead -Student always -Student -Student sometimes Student rarely -No Effort
receives the ball in consistently s receives the ball in a receives the
Pass a triple threat receives the ball in triple threat position ball in a triple
at 90 degrees). and elbows are bent -Student sometimes hand is to the
-Place hands on at 90 degrees). places hands on either side of the ball
either side of the -Place hands on side of the ball. and elbows are
ball. Bring ball either side of the -Student sometimes bent at 90
directly behind ball. Bring ball brings ball directly degrees).
your head with directly behind your behind your head with -Student rarely
your forearms head with your your forearms parallel places hands
parallel to the court. forearms parallel to to the court. on either side
-Push off with your the court. -Student sometimes of the ball.
front foot and take -Push off with your pushes off with your -Student rarely
a step with your front foot and take a front foot and takes a brings ball
back foot. step with your back step with your back directly behind
-Snap your elbows foot. foot. your head with
down with your -Snap your elbows your forearms
arms, finishing down with your parallel to the
when arms are arms, finishing court.
completely when arms are -Student rarely
extended in front of completely pushes off with
you. extended in front of your front foot
INSTITUTE OF P HYSICAL EDUCATIONand takes a

you.
step with your
back foot
Unit IV
Soccer/Football
Introduction
The game of Soccer is considered as one of the most popular sport. It is
simply known in English speaking countries and often called as soccer. Basically soccer
is about kicking the ball in control and the goal is to score more points in a given amount
of time. To score a goal a great amount of Team work must be observe among each team
members. They need to focus their skills on agility and good in controlling the ball.
Soccer Football is both a recreational and a competitive sport. It
encourages Teamwork to win and discipline among members to maintain their physical,
mental and emotional skills to be an effective player on each Team.
Learning Objectives
1. Understand Basic Soccer Football Rules, Terminology and Officiating hand signals.
2. Demonstrate basic skills associated with Soccer, including kicking, ball control,
passing, attacking.
3. Understand and apply the knowledge of Basic rules of Football.
4. Demonstrate and show good sportsmanship among team opponents.
Definition/Description of Football-Soccer
The very main goal of this course is to introduce to our students the basic
skills, techniques and knowledge in playing the game of soccer. By applying these
principles through active participation of each student develop the necessary skills and
knowledge to play soccer.
Addition through the game of soccer students will improve their health and
fitness condition by practicing the basic skills stamina is increase, flexibility and agility is
improving, Students also develop their social well-being by cooperating with teammates
to win. Emotional Stability is gain through the victory of winning and the agony of
defeat.
History of Football
It is very difficult to identify the exact year when was football soccer was developing.
People was always fascinated of kicking the ball, and at even at our very young age we
are always have fun of kicking and empty can or a small stone during our tender years. It
was only in the middle of the 19th century, when boys established English public schools

and universities such as Cambridge, began to play a similar game that is comparable to
the modern day game today.
However, the game began to develop struggles and cause injuries as the game doesn’t
have existing rules to follow. By the half of the19th century the different supporters urge
the necessity of having rules in all games.
This would allow them to have fair games at all times. London 1863 laid the Foundation
of the first rules but the rules were very similar as players can legally hold the ball
“similar to the game of rugby football” Goal keepers are not yet visible. And it took
another 20 years to change the game of soccer into the modern one we are playing today.
The first competitions
Other milestones were now to follow. Football Association Challenge Cup (FA

Cup) became the first important competition when it was run in 1871. The following
year a match between two national teams was played for the first time. The match that
involved England and Scotland ended 0-0 and was followed by 4,000 people at Hamilton
Crescent (the picture shows illustrations from this occasion). Twelve years later, in 1883,
the first international tournament took place and included four national teams: England,
Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Football was for a long time a British phenomenon, but it
gradually spread to other European countries. The first game that took place outside

Europe occurred in Argentina in 1867, but it was foreign British workers who were
involved and not Argentinean citizen
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in 1904 and a
foundation act was signed by representatives from France, Belgium, Denmark, the
Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. England and the other British countries did
not join FIFA from the start, they had invented the game and saw no reason to
subordinate to an association. Still, they joined in the following year, but would not
partake in the World Cup until 1950.
Domestic leagues occurred in many countries. The first was, as already mentioned, the
English Football League which was established in 1888. The leagues would by time
expand by more divisions, which were based on team performance. In 1908 would
football for the first time be included as an official sport in the Olympic Games. Until the
first FIFA World Cup was played in 1930, the Olympic Games football tournament
would rank as the most prestigious on a national level. Women's football was not added
until 1996.
Globalization of the biggest sport in the world
In the late 19th century, only a few national football teams existed; England and Scotland
had the first active teams that played games against each other in the 1870s. Today there
are 211 national associations included in the Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA), the world governing body of the sport. Another proof of the
globalization could be seen in the increase of nations participating in the World Cup
qualifiers: from 32 in 1934 to over 200 in 2014.The world regions have been divided into
six confederations: Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF), Asian Football
Confederation (AFC), Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA), The
Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football
(CONCACAF), Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and Confederación
Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL).
The Name of the Game: Football or Soccer?
In most parts of the world, football is used as the name for the “chess of the green pitch”,
the biggest sport in the world. In the United States and Canada, however, soccer is used
instead as a distinction from American football. A more formal name sometimes used is
association football, but in popular speech, it is either football or soccer.
Soccer in the Philippines
The first official football match in the Philippines was held in Manila on October 15,
1907, in celebration of the opening of the Philippine Assembly. The trophy was donated
by Governor-General William H. Taft (later US President) that was won by the Sandow
Club. In the same year, the Philippine Amateur Football Federation (now Philippine
Football Federation, PFF) was established as the sport’s governing body in the country.
Football Emigres
With our strong cultural connection with Spain, it is not surprising that a lot of Filipinos
(mostly of mixed parentage) have managed to make a name for themselves in football.
It's just unfortunate that most Filipino sports fans have already forgotten their names and
exploits. Even with those knowledgeable enough, it is very difficult to find more

information about them. Even the greatest ever - Paulino Alcantara - is not well known
by most people here.
Paulino Alcantara
One of the greatest all-time Barca goalscorers is a Filipino, there is no doubt about it.
Considered one of the most fearsome and competitive players of his generation, Paulino
Alcantara is like a typhoon that creates devastating kicks that often left goalkeepers in
bewildered awe.
With his jersey enshrined under the Barca greats, there is no one to look up to when you
are a Filipino football fan but the legend in Alcantara. Editorial cartoons document his
exploits much like football magazines cover the careers of Lionel Messi and Cristiano
Ronaldo. Though underestimated as an athlete, Alcantara is like a raging goal-scoring
bull that scores at will during a time where football is rough and physical. For 357 games,
he remains the most experienced professional football player that we ever had.
Facilities and Equipment

Football involves a lot of running around the field with the ball. The players also don’t
require sporting much gear to play the game. Cleat shoes, socks, shin protector, and
head gear are some of the equipments used by players. In this section, we will learn
about these equipments in detail.
Cleats or turfs − A very important gear for

every football player. These are specially
designed shoes with spikes on the bottom that
provide great traction on grass.
Socks − The socks made for Football are very

long and they are meant to cover the shin-
guards.
Shin Guards − These are used to protect the

player’s shin. While playing football,
opponent players try to injure players by
kicking in the shin area. It could be an
intentional or unintentional act by the player.
Hence, shin guards are a protective
equipment.
Soccer Ball − This the main equipment of the

game and the total game revolves around this.
A Football is made of vulcanized rubber with
plastic bladders and covered by plastic covers.
Touchline length must be greater than the length of the goal line. All pitch lines must be
the same width and not more than 12 cm thick. The diagram of a soccer pitch below
shows all the touchlines.
Pitch Length (touch line): The minimum length is 90 metres and the maximum length is
120 metres.
Pitch Width (goal line): The minimum length is 45 metres and the maximum is 90 metres
wide
Football Flag-Posts
There are specific football facts and rules for the corner flags used in soccer. A flag-post
must not be less than 1.5 metres (5 feet) high.Each of the 4 flag posts should have a non-
pointed top and one ﬂag must get placed at each corner on the pitch.
The Technical Area
Most stadiums have a designated seated area for team officials, substitutes (and
substituted players). If so, the technical area should only extend 1 metre on either side of
the designated seated area and up to a distance of 1 metre from the touchline.
Soccer Goal Nets
The distance between the posts of a regulation soccer goal net is 7.32 metres (24 feet).
The distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 metres (8
feet).Young footballers from the age of 13 and upwards should use goal post sizes
according to these dimensions. For safety reasons, all goals must be firmly secured to the
ground (including portable goals if used).
Rules of Football (Soccer)
Object of the Game


The aim of football is to score more goals then your opponent in a 90 minute playing
time frame. The match is split up into two halves of 45 minutes. After the first 45 minutes
players will take a 15 minute rest period called half time. The second 45 minutes will
resume and any time deemed fit to be added on by the referee (injury time) will be
accordingly.
Players
Each team consists of 11 players. These are made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield
players.. The goalkeepers will additionally wear padded gloves as they are the only
players allowed to handle the ball. Each team will have a designated captain.
Scoring
To score the ball must go into your opponent’s goal. The whole ball needs to be over the
line for it to be a legitimate goal. A goal can be scored with any part of the body apart
from the hand or arm up to the shoulder. The goal itself consists of a frame measuring 8
feet high and 8 yards wide.
Winning the Game
To win you have to score more goals than that of your opponents. If the scores are level
after 90 minutes, then the game will end as a draw apart from in cup games where the
game can go to extra time and even a penalty shootout to decide the winner. Players must
use their feet to kick the ball and are prohibited to use their hands apart from goalkeepers
who can use any part of their body within the 18-yard box
The Offside Rule in Football
Offside can be called when an attacking player is in front of the last defender when the
pass is played through to them. The offside area is designed to discourage players from
simply hanging around the opponent’s goal waiting for a pass. To be onside they must be
placed behind the last defender when the ball is played to them. If the player is in front of
that last defender, then he is deemed to be offside and free kick to the defending team
will be called. A player cannot be caught offside in their own half. The goalkeeper does
not count as a defender. If the ball is played backwards and the player is in front of the
last defender, then he is deemed to be not offside.
Fouls and misconduct in Soccer


A Venn diagram showing the relationship between fouls and misconduct in association
football, with examples.
The offside offence is an example of a technical rule infraction that is neither a foul nor a

misconduct. Note that the referee is given considerable discretion as to the rules'
implementation, including deciding which offences are cautionable "unsportsmanlike"
conduct.
Yellow card (caution)
A player is cautioned and shown a yellow card
A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been officially
cautioned.
The player's details are then recorded by the referee in a small notebook;
hence a caution is also known as a "booking".
A player who has been cautioned may continue playing in the game;
however, a player who receives a second caution in a match is sent off (shown the yellow
card again, and then a red card).
Law 12 of the Laws of the Game lists the types of offences and misconduct

that may result in a caution. Players are cautioned and shown a yellow card if they
commit the following offences:
 Unsporting behaviour (foul play, simulation, and denying an obvious goal-

scoring opportunity by an offence which was an attempt to play the ball and the
referee awards a penalty kick are included)
 Dissent by word or action
 Persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game
 Delaying the restart of play
 Failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick,
throw-in or free kick

 Entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee's permission
 Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission
Red card (dismissal)
A player is shown
a red card to
indicate his
dismissal from the
game.
A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player must be sent off. A
player who has been sent off is required to leave the field of play immediately, must take
no further part in the game and cannot be replaced by a substitute, forcing their team to
play with one player fewer.
If a team's goalkeeper receives a red card another player is required to
assume goalkeeping duties, so teams usually substitute another goalkeeper for an outfield
player if they still have substitutes available.
Law 12 of the Laws of the Game lists the categories of misconduct for which a

player may be sent off. These are:
 Serious foul play

 Violent conduct
 Spitting at an opponent or any other person
 Denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a handball (this does not apply
to a goalkeeper within his/her own penalty area)
 Denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a deliberate foul (with no
attempt to play the ball)
 Using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
 Receiving a second caution in the same match
Serious foul play is a foul committed using excessive force (i.e., "the player has far
exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent."). Violent
conduct is distinct from serious foul play in that it may be committed by any player,
substitute, or substituted player against any person, e.g., teammates, match officials, or
spectators.
Once a player has been sent off, they are not permitted to stay in the team's technical
area and must leave the immediate field or playing area.
In most tournaments, a single direct red card (i.e. not one received as a
result of two successive yellow ones) results in disqualification of the offending player

for a one or more subsequent matches, with the exact number of matches varying by the
offence committed and by jurisdiction.
Should a team's on-field players receive a total of 5 red cards, it will be
unable to field the required minimum of 7 players, resulting in the game being
abandoned.
Starting in August 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, IFAB and
the Football Association stated that any player who deliberately coughs at others will
receive a straight red card. Less severe incidents are classified as "unsporting behaviour"
and will result in a yellow card.
BASIC SOCCER SKILLS
Soccer is a sport unlike almost all others, as the feet are needed for
technical skills more than the hands. A number of fundamental skills are needed to play
soccer, with advanced players able to build on the fundamental skills for more complex
and precise dribbling, passing and shooting. The skills of a soccer player also vary from
one position to another, with a goalkeeper needing much different skills than a field
player.
Passing
Passing is one of the most fundamental skills in soccer, as it is how you move the ball
from yourself to another teammate. For a short basic pass, you will turn your foot 90
degrees to the outside and swing your leg so that the inside of your leg makes contact. If
you want to send the ball farther, you will swing your leg with more power and aim for
the lower half of the ball, to pop it into the air and use the inside of your toes.
Receiving a Pass
Whether you are receiving a pass that is on the ground or traveling through the air, you
will want to square your shoulders to the direction the ball is coming from. If it is on the
ground, turn your foot toward the outside as if you were passing, and with your knees
bent, cushion the ball so it stops right at your feet. For a ball traveling through the air,
you will most likely want to receive the ball with your chest. Stand with your back arched
slightly backwards so when the ball hits your chest, it will pop gently into the air and then
land at your feet, rather than bounce off out of your control.
Shooting
There are a number of unconventional ways to score a goal, but the fundamental way to
try to score is by taking a shot. When shooting, your plant foot, follow through and where
you contact the ball are all important. You will want to place your non-shooting foot just
outside the ball, with your toe pointing at the direction you are aiming to shoot. Swing
your leg through the ball, aiming higher on the ball if you want to keep it low or lower on
the ball if you want to send it through the air. Follow through with your shooting leg, in a
hopping motion that brings your plant foot off the ground, and land on the foot you shot
with for the most power.
Dribbling
Outside of passing, dribbling is the primary method of moving the ball up the field. This
works best when you have open field in front of you without pressing defenders. Most
players find success using the top of their foot to push the ball along the ground when
passing, and the more advanced you get the more parts of your foot you will be able to
use when dribbling. The goal of dribbling is to move the ball quickly while keeping the
ball close to your body, so that you can make a quick decision to pass, shoot or change
direction whenever needed.
Goalkeeping
The goalkeeper is the last line of defense, in charge of doing whatever possible to keep
the ball out of the net. As goalie, you can use your entire body, including your hands and
arms, to stop the ball. The best way for a goalie to catch the ball is to form a "W" with
your thumbs and index fingers, with your hands open and palms facing away from you.
This will help you catch a ball traveling at a high speed without it going through your
hands. The other fundamental skill for goalies is punting, which is how you distribute the
ball upfield after making a save.
Hold the ball over your dominant foot, and then drop the ball as you swing your foot,
making contact and sending the ball through the air. Land on your "shooting" foot on
your follow through like you are taking a shot.
5 Steps In Approaching the Ball
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Kicking the Ball

1.Relax your body. -Many people focus too much on generating power. When you
do this, you force your shot, losing control of the ball and losing power because of a
poor strike. Instead, let your body drop so that your shoulders are squared and the
only tension is in your ankle.
“Sometimes players shake out tension before taking a free kick”
1.
2Bring your leg back. - Bend your non-kicking knee slightly as you draw your kicking
leg back. Don’t go too far back or else you won’t be able to swing your leg forward
quickly to get the ball away with accuracy.
 Large swings are best for long-distance kicks.
3. Point your toes towards the ground. When you move your kicking leg backward,
angle your toes downwards. This causes your ankle to lock.
4. Bring your leg forward. Whip your leg forward towards the ball. Keep your foot
angled downwards as you do this. Right before you strike the ball, extend your foot to
unleash the power stored in your leg
5. Make contact with the knuckle of your big toe. Coaches tell you to kick the ball
with the laces of your foot. Technically, you are kicking below that. The knuckle is where
your big toe connects to the rest of your foot. This large bone creates force when the area
just above it strikes the ball. Watch the ball as your foot connects with it.[5]
 Never kick with your toes. This not only generates less power and control,
but it can hurt your toes.

 Hit the ball halfway up from the ground for maximum power. Strike
further to the sides for more spin.
Kicking the Ball
.
STEP ONE STEP TWO
STEP 3 STEP 4
STEP 5
Following through Your Shot

1.
1. Swing through the ball. Don’t stop when your foot hits the ball. Move your foot
through the ball as it leaves your foot. This ensures your leg’s momentum is fully
expended on the ball. Your foot will raise up at the end of the swing’s arc.
2.
2

2. Land on your kicking foot. Bring your foot down and plant it on the ground first
before you try to move. That way the momentum of your swing is maximized and you
stabilize yourself as you try to move.
3.
4. Follow up your shot. If possible, run after your shot. Putting pressure on your
opponent may cause them to deflect or drop the ball, giving you a chance to
follow your shot and potentially score.
STEP ONE STEP TWO STEP THREE




References
Historian, blogger, genealogist, copywriter & video game geek. Got questions?
http://ask.fm/jpthehistorian Be a Guest Blogger — https://waa.ai/vCkY
The National Encyclopedia
History of Football: The Beautiful Game (2002 Documentary Series)
http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-game/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_football_clubs
http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/
http://spartacus-educational.com/Fblack.htm
http://spartacus-educational.com/Fstadiums.htm
http://www.fifa.com/associations/
Andrea Scoto – ItiIllustration da Francesco. Bertelli. Padua
William Ralston (1848–1911) – Scanned from The Official History of The Football
Association by Bryon Butler – Queen Ane Press
Documentary film: Alegria do Povo (1963)
Robert Wood, "Football Terminology." Topend Sports Website, 2008,

https://www.topendsports.com/sport/soccer/terms.htm, Accessed 1/19/2021 How to Cite
List of Activities
ACTIVITY 10
Recital (Discuss the details about soccer)
ACTIVITY 11
Recital (Discuss the basic rules of playing the game, object of the game,
fouls and misconduct.
ACTIVITY 12
Demonstrate (Basic Skills and Hand Signal use by Officiating Officals)
Rubrics-Soccer Skills Assessment
Needs Developing Proficient Advanced

Improvement
Student’s Foot goes only Student foot goes 6-10 degrees Student’s leg is bent at the Student’s leg is bent
Kicking from 2-5 degrees behind them behind them. There is a slight arm knee and arm swing helps at the knee before
a stationary and misses the ball swing and little foot plants. with distance of the kick. kick. Arm Action is
position There is visible foot plant Contralateral & helps
and little follow through with the force of the
with the leg. kick. There is a
visible Foot Plant and
follow through with
the leg
Students uses toes to kick Student use only one foot to kick Student kick the ball within Student kick the ball
Dribbling the the Ball in front of them the ball forward and chase after the 1 yard ahead of them with within 1 yard ahead
Ball and does not go in a ball. .Students sometimes run over each pass. They use both of them with each
straight line. the ball feet and only and only the pass. They use both
inside and outside of their feet and only and
foot. The student goes in a only the inside and
straight line to the finish outside of their foot.
point a fairly fast pace The student goes in a
straight line to the
finish point a very
fast pace.
Student passes the ball Student passes the

Student passes the ball with their Students passes the ball
with their toes and ball right on the
toes and “pushes” the ball rather within a foot to their partner.
Pasing the “pushes” the ball rather target (making it so
than kicks the ball. The ball goes Student sometimes uses the
than kicks the ball. The that the partner does
ball to a the target but is off by a few feet.. inside of their foot .Ball
ball goes nowhere near the not have to
The ball bounce for most of the bounces on the ground
partner Target. The ball bounce for
pass through some of the pass.
move).Student uses
most of the pass the inside of their
foot and the ball does
not leave the ground.
Needs Developi P
Improvement ng roficient Advanced

Dribbling Does not attempt to keep Needs to work on speed and control Excellent Ball Control and Prior knowledge and
control of the ball, does not use is improving with use of both feet. body positioning experience gives the
around both feet. and striking the ball on the inside ,the ball in control and all student an advantage.
cones of the foot. cones are completed The skills are
properly. completed smoothly
and consistently .Ball
remains close to the
cone to gain speed
upon completion
Shooting Needs Improvement Developing Proficient Advanced

to set a Students shot successfully to Students shot successfully to shot a Student shot successfully to Students shot
set a target less than 3 attempts target..3 out of 5 attempts set target 4 out of 5 attempts successfully to set
Target target 5 out of 5
attempts

Trapping Does not attempt to trap the Needs to improve the contact by Absorb the ball and soften Prior knowledge and
the ball ball no contact or lacks soft moving slightly away to prevent the contact by moving experience
contact causing the ball to tha ball from rebounding away slightly away on contact Give student an
bounce away from the body. .Keeps the ball close within advantage.
Preventing control one foot after the trap Traps occur fast and
without much effort

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2nd Semester 2020-2021

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Softball is an example of team sports that is played by ten players. It is a variant

1. Demonstrate basic skills associated with softball, including hitting, throwing, and

The Fédération Internationale de Softball (International Softball Federation), which was

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Image source: https://www.baseball-softball.de/

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SOFTBALL BASIC EQUIPMENTS

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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7. LEG GUARDS (SHIN GUARDS)

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

 Line up your knuckles on the handle of the bat.

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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chest. Keep a grip on the ball while it's in the glove.

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INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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 Hold your glove near your face.

The Basic Rules of Softball

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 The ball is thrown to a base before a runner gets there.

 If three strikes are called by the umpire.

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Delayed dead ball

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Trapped ball or safe

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International Softball Federation (ISF).

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RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 1

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 2

Criteria Exemplary Proficient Partially Proficient Unsatisfactory

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RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3

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Definition / Description of Volleyball

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of

One of the spectators of this exhibition match, Dr. Alfred T.

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

In the Philippines, the history of volleyball dates

Facilities and Equipment’s

2. The Net and Posts

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Zones and Areas

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Basic Volleyball Skills:

Two types of Passing:

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The Forearm Pass

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