LITHIUM – ION BATTERIES

TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

V.Shivasai
17261A04H8
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 History
 Construction
 Working
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• Battery : A device consisting of one or more electro-
chemical cells with external connections
• Rechargeable batteries
• Commonly used in portable electronics and electric vehicles
• Can produce voltage up to 4v
HISTORY
• Research was done by John Goodenough, M. Stanley
Whittingham, Rachid Yazami and Koichi Mizushima during the
1970s–1980s
• Prototype Li-ion battery was developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985
• Commercial Li-ion battery was developed by a Sony and Asahi
Kasei team led by Yoshio Nishi in 1991
CONSTRUCTION
• Li – Ion cell has 4 layer structure
• Lithium Cobalt Oxide - Cathode (Positive Electrode)
• Graphite - Anode (Negative Electrode)
• Fine Porous polymer film - Separator
• Lithium Salt in an Organic solvent - Electrolyte
WORKING
• An oxidation half reaction at the anode produces positively
charged Lithium ions and negatively charged electrons
• Lithium ions move through the electrolyte and then they
recombine at the cathode in an Reduction half reaction
• Depends on Intercalation mechanism
WORKING
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
• Energy density 250–693 W-h/L
• Specific energy 100–265 W-h/kg
• Specific power ~250 – ~340 W/kg
• Charge/discharge efficiency 80–90%
• Energy/consumer-price 6.4 W-h/USD
• Self-discharge rate 0.35% to 2.5%
• Cycle durability 400–1,200 cycles
• Nominal cell voltage 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.8 / 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V
ADVANTAGES
• High Energy density
• Low Self discharge
• Low maintenance
• High cell voltage
• No requirement for Priming
DISADVANTAGES
• Protection required
• Ageing
APPLICATIONS
• Power backups/UPS
• Mobiles, Laptops and other commonly used electronic goods
• Energy storage systems
• Electric Vehicles
• Marine Vehicles
CONCLUSION
• Li-ion batteries have affected almost everyone in the world
• The success of commercial Li-ion batteries was a result of
intensive research and contribution by many great scientists
over few decades
• New battery concepts have to be further developed to go
beyond Li-ion batteries in the future
REFERENCES
1) Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries: Materials, Technology and new applications by K
Ozava, 2012.
2) Lithium batteries: Science and Technology by F La Mantia, CD Wessells, HD Deshazer,
2013.
3) Lithium-Ion batteries: Advanced materials and Technologies by X Yuan, H Liu, J
Zhangg, 2011.
4) Materials Challenges and opportunities of Lithium-Ion batteries by A Manthiram,
2011.

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