King Abdulaziz University 20

Architecture and Planning Faculty 20

ba uha us
AR-322

Prof
Abdullah sharqawi
1845711 Mohammed Matrok

Hussam banabila
1845204
cont ent s

the definition Walter gropious

The inception
Stages
and its causes

Philosophy Immigration

Teaching After immigration

The word Bauhaus
(building house) has its
origins in the German
word Haus Bau (build a
house)

01
The inception
and its causes

The Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius after he was influ-

enced by the movement of William Morris and his mentor
Peter Byrnes, who was interested in the unity of visual arts,
crafts and architecture and their inclusion in the architectural
designs.

02
 Philosophy

The language of color and shape and The blue color always indicates
it is the idea of Wassily Kandinsky the circle

Yellow always indicates a triangle Accessibility of the idea to users

and visitors in the simplest way

Collaboration between everyone

Form follows function
and sharing ideas

The red color always indicates

Repeat some things
a square 03
Teaching

Teaching was dependent on the community of artists working

together

The goal was to reconnect art with everyday life

The faculty members were of the highest caliber, such as Johannes

Itten, Lionel Fennings, Ger Hard Marx, Gropius, and Vasily Kandinsky.

The Swiss painter Itten formed the early expressionist direction of the
school and taught the basics of color, shape and material.

04
 Teaching

It combines architecture, sculpture and painting in one creative

expression

The school’s curriculum was based on handicrafts, which produced

designers and craftsmen capable of creating useful and beautiful things that
fit the living system.

The curriculum first began with an elementary course in the study of

materials and color theory in preparation for more specialized studies

Mostly it was taught by visual artists such as Paul Klee, Vasily Kandin-
sky, Joseph Alborz and many more.

• After studying Bauhaus theory, students immerse themselves in

specialized workshops that included metalworking, cabinet making, weav-
ing, pottery, printing, and wall painting. 05
 Teaching
cabinetmaking workshop
• was one of the most popular at the Bauhaus. Under the direc-
tion of Marcel Breuer (1983.366) from 1924 to 1928

• this studio reconceived the very essence of furniture

• Breuer theorized that eventually chairs would become obsolete

• Inspired by the extruded steel tubes of his bicycle, he experimented

with metal furniture, ultimately creating lightweight, mass-producible
metal chairs.
06
 Teaching
The textile workshop
• especially under the direction of designer and weaver Gunta
• especially under the direction
Stölzl of designer and weaver Gunta
(1897–1983)
Stölzl (1897–1983)
• In this workshop, students learn to create textiles suitable for
use in Bauhaus environments

• Stolzl encouraged experimentation with unconventional materials

• such as cellophane,
In this workshop, fiberglass
students learn andtextiles
to create metal suitable for
use in Bauhaus environments
• The fabrics that came out of the workshop were commercially
successful, providing vital and needed funds to the Bauhaus

• The workshop consisted mainly of women, and this was because

• Stolzl
theyencouraged experimentation
were not encouraged with unconventional
to participate in other areas materials
such as cellophane, fiberglass and metal
• One of the most important graduates of this workshop is Annie
Alborz 07
 Teaching
The textile workshop

• The fabrics that came out of the workshop were commercially

successful, providing vital and needed funds to the Bauhaus

• The workshop consisted mainly of women, and this was because

they were not encouraged to participate in other areas

• One of the most important graduates of this workshop is Annie

07
Alborz
 Teaching
Metalworking
was another popular workshop at the Bauhaus and, along with
the cabinetmaking studio, was the most successful in developing
design prototypes for mass production.

In this studio, designers such as Marianne Brandt (2000.63a–c),

Wilhelm Wagenfeld (1986.412.1–16), and Christian Dell (1893–1974) created
beautiful, modern items such as lighting fixtures and tableware

Brandt was the first woman to attend the metalworking studio, and
replaced László Moholy-Nagy (1987.1100.158) as studio director in 1928.
Many of her designs became iconic expressions of the Bauhaus aesthetic.

It was designed with careful attention to functionality and ease of use

from the nondrip spout to the heat-resistant ebony handle.

08
 Teaching
The typography workshop

• was one of the most popular at the Bauhaus. Under the direc-
tion of Marcel Breuer (1983.366) from 1924 to 1928

• this studio reconceived the very essence of furniture

09
Walter gropious

was a German architect and founder of the Bau-

haus School

was also a leading architect of the International

Style.

Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on

collaborators and partner-interpreters throughout
his career. In school he hired an assistant to com-
plete his homework for him.
In 1908, after studying architecture in Munich and
Berlin for four semesters, Gropius joined the office
of the renowned architect and industrial designer
Peter Behrens, one of the first members of the utili-
tarian school.

10
 Stages
START IN 1919 Gropius was the director of the Bauhaus.
1919
1925 At first, art tuition begins in the teacher's classrooms,
Weimar while craft courses take place in the workshops

De Stael had an influence on school thought during this

era.

Gropius invents a new Bauhaus slogan "Art and technology

- a new unity" - reflecting the primacy of mechanized
production, which becomes the new watchword for all Bau-
haus activities.

11
 Stages

• In 1925 the Thueringer government withdrew its

economic support from the education. Bauhaus found a
new location in Dessau

• In October 1926, the school was officially accredit-

ed by the government of the Land, and the masters
were promoted to professors

• Gropius stepped down as director of the Bauhaus

1925 in 1928, succeeded by the architect Hannes Meyer

12
1932
Dessau
 Stages
1932
1933
It only lasted 6 months
Berlin

The school set up in an abandoned mobile factory

The school has reopened as a private institution

The Nazis closed the school completely

13
 Stages
Architectural projects

1923
Haus am horn
Form follow function

Designing plans on simple

geometric shapes

The simplicity of the elevation

14
Not to go too far in heights
 Stages
Architectural projects

1926
Dessau school
Form follow function

Neutral color

Simplicity of design without

decoration

15
Designing plans on simple geometric
shapes
Architectural projects

(1928-1930)
Villa Tugendhat
Form follow function

Designing plans on simple

geometric shapes

The existing furniture belongs to

the school

One of the first buildings to

use reinforced concrete

Simplicity of design
16
 Immigration

The Nazis perceived the Bauhaus to be, along with atonal music and
Expressionist painting, yet another specimen of the globe-spanning
Jewish Bolshevik conspiracy they sought to eliminate

•they tried various ways to accommodate themselves to the Nazis and

preserve the Bauhaus as a private art school.

In July 1933, Mies and other Bauhaus masters gathered together at the
studio of the interior designer Lilly Reich in Berlin. Mies discussed the
financial and political situation of the school and proposed that it should
be closed. The proposal was met with unanimous agreement, and the
Bauhaus was dissolved.
Then the majority of its founders immigrated to the United States of Amer-
ica, especially Walter Gropius, the founder of the school, who contributed
to the construction of many buildings in the United States of America,
such as the World Trade Towers.
17
 After immigration

After many of the major personalities of the Bauhaus immigrated to

the United States, their philosophy and work influenced generations
of architects.

Breuer and Gropius taught at Harvard.

josef and Anni Albers taught at Black Mountain College

Moholy -Nagy founded the new Bauhaus School in Chicago in 1937

18
 After immigration

Then its name was changed to Design Institute

Its goal was to train the ideal designer, and one of the most important
departments was the photography department under Harry Callahan

• This new school was part of the Illinois Institute of Technology

and Mies van der Rohe designed the campus

19
 After immigration
1938
Gropius house

Form follow function

Designing plans on simple geometric

shapes

The existing furniture belongs to the

school

20
Use large windows for lighting
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21
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22
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23
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Thanks for lestening
Walter gropious

was a German architect and founder of the Bau-

haus School

was also a leading architect of the International

Style.

Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on

collaborators and partner-interpreters throughout
his career. In school he hired an assistant to com-
plete his homework for him.
In 1908, after studying architecture in Munich and
Berlin for four semesters, Gropius joined the office
of the renowned architect and industrial designer
Peter Behrens, one of the first members of the utili-
tarian school.

10
 Teaching
The textile workshop
• especially under the direction of designer and weaver Gunta
• especially under the direction
Stölzl of designer and weaver Gunta
(1897–1983)
Stölzl (1897–1983)
• In this workshop, students learn to create textiles suitable for
use in Bauhaus environments

• Stolzl encouraged experimentation with unconventional materials

• such as cellophane,
In this workshop, fiberglass
students learn andtextiles
to create metal suitable for
use in Bauhaus environments
• The fabrics that came out of the workshop were commercially
successful, providing vital and needed funds to the Bauhaus

• The workshop consisted mainly of women, and this was because

• Stolzl
theyencouraged experimentation
were not encouraged with unconventional
to participate in other areas materials
such as cellophane, fiberglass and metal
• One of the most important graduates of this workshop is Annie
Alborz 07