Task 1, page 80.

recommend
put forward a proposal propose
propose that
recommend that you should submitted proposal

Task 2, page 80.

Social networking websites destroy lives as well as privacy.

One of the possible solutions is controlling the content of websites. Another option is limiting
the time allowed to use social networking website.
Energy and construction costs of Olympic games soar again.
Only already existing stadiums should be used for Olympic games.
In order to lower the energy costs, number of visitors should be limited.
Every square km of ocean has 18000 pieces of floating plastic.
Due to high level of water pollution, additional fines for littering should be applied.
In addition to that, plastic bags should be forbidden.

Task 3, page 80.

provided
regardless of whether should there be
as long as
in the event
in case

Task 4, page 80
1. keeping
2. cutting
3. follow, putting
4. go, drawing
5. make, home
6. go, run

Task 5, page 81.

proposal, proposals, rejection of proposals, the deck’s, the third proposal, the dampers, of
damper, both types of damper
the 2nd, the 3rd, the 1st
it must be invisible for general public
Viscous damper, tuned mass damper
support, support
by explaining things using everyday objects

Task 6, page 81.

We would like to propose two possible solutions. The first one is that the structure of the
bridge should be more rigid. Another possible option is reducing the number of pedestrians
on the bridge at the same moment.
If previously suggested solutions are not suitable, we would like to submit another idea.
Viscous and tuned mass dampers can between the bridge deck can be inserted.

A viscous damper is a hydraulic device made of piston moving inside a cylinder which is
used for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy. A tuned mass damper is a device that
consists of two plates separated powerful strings that also absorbs and dissipates kinetic
energy.

Kinetic energy caused by motion is transferred from the deck to plates when the deck sway
from side to side. Then the energy is transferred to the piston and fluid-filled cylinder. When
the piston goes back, the fluid provides resistance which makes kinetic energy disappear.
Kinetic energy is transferred from the deck into the heavy plate due to vertical movement of
the deck. The motion is transferred into powerful spring that moves in phase with the motion
of the deck. The spring is absorbing the kinetic energy na dmeks it disappear.

Task 7, page 82
1. A hydraulic damper is a device consisting of a piston and a fluid-filled chamber, which
decreases the damage to a building in an earthquake by converting seismic energy
into heat.
2. Bluetooth is a radio technology operating in the 2.4 GHz band and used over short
distances, which enables communications between networked devices.
3. A shake table is a machine, consisting of a rectangular platform driven by hydraulic
actuators, that simulates an earthquake by subjecting a building to controlled
mechanical vibrations.
4. A WLAN is a type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves instead
of wires to transmit and receive data over short distances.
5. IEEE 1394, commonly called as “FireWire”, is a standard that enables high-speed
transfer of digital information and connects computers with peripherals such as
camcorders, supporting data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps.

Task 8, page 82.

3.2 metre by 4 metre
98-tonne
ten-storey
earthquake-simulation
7.3-magnitude
load-bearing
earthquake-resistant
polymer-reinforced
200-square-metre
low-rise
steel-reinforced-concrete
Task 9, page 82.
test procedure
moisture detector
strain gauge
commencement date
contract price

Task 10, page 83

Introduction

Our team was requested by a company called Fortis Sports Inc, manufacturers of a new
polymer called QS54, to carry out a test to find out its energy-absorbent properties. The
material is designed for making impact-absorbent mats used in martial arts such as judo.

Test objective

The aim of the test was to find the coefficient of restitution, or CR, of the polymer QS54.

Definition

The coefficient of restitution (CR) is a measurement of the energy-absorbent capability of

material, which is usually carried out by dropping a steel ball onto it and measuring the
height of bounce.

Experimental setup

The setup consisted of the following steps illustrated on the page:

1) a 19-mm-diameter steel ball on a clamp and a clear plastic tube (1 m long and 20 mm
diameter);
2) an electronic timing device with a microphone to measure the time between the first and
second bounces;
3) a 75-by-75-by-5 mm piece of test material, on a concrete block measuring 75 mm x 75
mm x 50 mm and epoxide resin, spread approximately 2 mm thick onto the concrete.

Procedure

First the plastic tube was clamped over centre of material. The ball was then held for a
moment at the top of the plastic tube and then released and dropped down. The microphone
of the electronic timing device was used to measure the time between the first and second
impact, and the time was recorded. Then the CR was then calculated using the appropriate
equation. Finally, the surface of the material was inspected for any cracks. The test was
repeated ten times and an average CR was calculated.

Results

The average CR of the test material (QS54) was found to be an average of 0.6 over ten
tests. No cracks were found on the test material.
Conclusions

Our conclusion is that QS54 has good energy absorbency and is therefore highly suitable for
the planned purpose.

Further testing

We propose that further tests should be carried out in the near future to measure the
impact-resistant, slip-proof and fire-retardant properties of the material.

Appendix

The equation used in this test was as follows: e (coefficient of restitution) = sqrt( h​2​/h​t​) where
h​t​(height of drop) = 100 cm and h​2​(height of rebound in cm) = 122.6 T​2​and T is the time in
seconds between the first and second impact Note: a CR of 1 = totally elastic; a CR of 0 =
totally non-elastic (no bounce).

Task 11 page 83

Introduction

The goal of the test was to find out whether the new tincan is capable to withstand
sterilization procedure without any surface damage and changes in structure. This conditions
are crucial for the sterilization and pasteurization processes.

Test objective

The aim of the test was to measure the thermal conductivity and pressure resistance of the
cans.

Definition

The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to ​conduct heat​. Heat
transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of
high thermal conductivity. For instance, metals typically have high thermal conductivity than
glasses in sterilization processes.

Experimental setup

The experimental setup consisted of a heating vat with water into which the studied can was
immersed. Distilled water was poured into the can, the temperature of which was constantly
measured with an immersion thermometer.

Procedure
In the thermal conductivity experiment, the initial water temperature in the test sample was
measured. Then the water in the heating tank began to warm up to 80 degrees Celsius.
Temperature changes inside the sample were recorded every 30 seconds. In the stability
study, liquid was poured into the sample, then the sample was sealed and heated. The
vapor pressure inside the can was brought to 0.1 megapascals. After cooling, the surface of
the can was examined for defects.

Results

The measured thermal conductivity of the can was 230 W/m^2. No damage to the surface of
the can was found.

Conclusions

The thermal conductivity of the can is perfect for the sterilization process and the pressure
resistance make it possible to use the can in autoclaves.

Further testing

No further testing is necessary.

Appendix

The defining equation for thermal conductivity is Q= -k˅T, where Q is the ​heat flux​, k is the
thermal conductivity, and ˅T is the ​temperature​​gradient​. This is known as ​Fourier's Law​for
heat conduction.

Task 12 page 83

Introduction

UI testing - an important part of a UI developing. Here would be a representation of one of

the methods of testing with the example.

Test objective

The purpose of the test is to find out how user-friendly the interface is and allows you to
complete the task.

Definition

Usability test - a study performed to determine if some artificial object (like a web page) is
convenient for its intended use. As an example – a test of website​https://student.itmo.ru/ru/
Experimental setup

To perform this test, first need to find several respondents, preferably one of those people
who use or will use the tested interface.
It is also necessary to prepare a list of tasks and questions for respondents.
On example test, it was questions like
«Find on this website, how English is conducted in the conditions of distance learning?», and
respondents were all a students of ITMO University.

Procedure

On the test, you must be near the respondent or ask him to demonstrate the screen and give
tasks and questions from the list, measuring time and saving the answers.
We tested together, one person gave tasks, the second wrote down answers and time.
After the test, we collected the results in a Google table.

Results

Usability test results - a list of places in the interface that can be improved. We prepared a
report and submitted it to the department of this site.

Conclusions

Usability testing is one of the main and most useful methods for testing interfaces.