Lab Manual

Reinforced Concrete-II

Submitted To:
Engr. Usman Ali
Submitted By:
Group # 03
Athar Rafiq (06)
Moudud Ul Islam (26)
Taimoor Raza (28)

Department:
Civil Engineering

College of Engineering And Technology,

Sargodha
 EXPERIMENT #
Determination of Ten Percent fine value of the Aggregate.
(BS-812-111-1990)
Scope and Significance:
 This test is used to determination of the ten per cent fines value (TFV) of aggregates
which give a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to crushing under a
gradually applied compressive load and it is applicable to both weak and strong
aggregate.
 Two procedures are described, one in which the aggregate is tested in a dry condition
and the other in a soaked condition.
 The methods are applicable to both weak and strong aggregates passing a 14.0mm test
sieve and retained on a 10.0 mm test sieve.
 Ten percent fines value can be used to reveal the aggregate properties when subjected
to mechanical degradation.
Related Theory:
Definition:
The force at which 10% of fines are produced is noted as the Ten Percent Fines
Value. This usually Require a number of tests and a graph to establish the exact figure. This
test tends to be used for softer aggregate where a force of 400kN. would crush most or all of
the aggregate.
Principle:
 A test specimen is compacted in a standardized manner into a steel cylinder fitted
with a freely moving plunger.
 The specimen is then subjected to a load applied through the plunger.
 This action crushes the aggregate to a degree which is dependent on the crushing
resistance of the material.
 The degree of crushing is assessed by a sieving test on the crushed specimen.
 The procedure is repeated with various loads to determine the maximum force which
generates a given sieve analysis. This force is taken as the ten per cent fines value
(TFV).
Apparatus:
 Steel Cylinder: open-ended of nominal150mm internal diameter with plunger and
baseplate.
 A tamping rod: made out of straight iron or steel bar of circular cross section, 16 ± 1
mm diameter and 600 ± 5 mm long, with both ends hemispherical.
 A balance: of at least 3 kg (3000 g) capacity readable to lg.
  Test sieves: with square-hole perforated plate of sizes 14.0 mm and 10.0 mm and a
woven wire 2.36 mm test sieve.
 A compression testing machine: capable of applying any force up to 500 kN and
which can be operated to give a uniform rate of loading so that this force is reached in
10 min. The machine may be used with or without a spherical seating.
 A cylindrical metal: measure, for measuring the sample of sufficient rigidity to retain
its form under rough usage and having an internal diameter of 115 ± 1 mm and an
internal depth of 180 ± 1 mm.
 A well-ventilated: oven, thermostatically controlled at a temperature of 105 ± 5 ºC
 A rubber mallet:
 A metal tray: of known mass large enough to contain 3 kg of aggregate.
 A brush, with stiff bristles

Additional apparatus for testing aggregate in a soaked condition:

 Drying cloths or absorbent paper: for the surface drying of the aggregate after it has
been soaked in water.
 Wire-mesh baskets: One or more wire-mesh baskets, having apertures not larger
than6.5mm or a perforated container of convenient size with hangers for lifting
purposes.
 A supply of clean water, of drinking quality.
Preparation of test specimens:
Test specimens in a dry condition:

Thoroughly sieve the entire surface dry

test portion on the14mm and10mm test sieves to
remove the oversize and undersize fractions. Divide
the resulting14mm to10mm fraction to produce
three test specimens each of mass such that the
depth of the material in the cylinder is
approximately100mm after tamping.
 The appropriate quantity of aggregate may be found
conveniently by filling the cylindrical measure in three layers of approximately equal
depth. Tamp each layer25 times, from a height of approximately50mm above the
surface of the aggregate, with the rounded end of the tamping rod. Level off using the
tamping rod as a straightedge
Dry the test specimens by heating at a temperature of105± 5 °C
for a period of not more than4h. Cool to room temperature before testing. Record the
mass of material comprising the test specimens.

Procedure:
Aggregates in dry condition:

 Place the cylinder of the test apparatus in

position on the baseplate and add the test
specimen in thirds, each third being subjected
to25 strokes from the tamping rod distributed
evenly over the surface of the layer and
dropping from a height approximately50mm
above the surface of the aggregate.
 Place the apparatus, with the test specimen
and plunger in position, between the platens
of the testing machine. Apply force at as
uniform a rate as possible so as to cause a
total penetration of the plunger in10min ± 30s of approximately:
a) 15 mm for rounded or partially rounded aggregates, e.g. uncrushed gravels;
b) 20 mm for normal crushed aggregates;
c) 24 mm for vesicular (honeycombed) aggregates
 This value of force will nearly always give a percentage of fines
within the required range of 7.5 % to 12.5%.
 Record the maximum force (f) applied to produce the required penetration.
 Release the force and remove the crushed material by holding the cylinder over a
clean tray of known mass and hammering on the outside of the cylinder with the
rubber mallet until the particles are sufficiently disturbed to enable the mass of the
specimen to fall freely on to the tray.
 Weigh the tray and the aggregate and record the mass of aggregate used (M1).
 Sieve the whole of the specimen in the tray on the 2.36 mm test sieve until no further
significant amount passes during a further period of 1 min. Weigh and record the
masses of the fractions passing and retained on the sieve to the nearest gram (M2 plus
M3 respectively).
 If the total mass (M2 plus M3) differs from the initial mass (Ml) by more than 10 g,
discard the result and test a further specimen.
 The percentage of material (m) passing through the sieve, calculated from.
  The f is note total force applied on the aggregate. F is calculated by formula.

 The TFV value can also find either the help of Aggregate impact value,

Observations and Calculations:

Calculate the force F (in kN), to the nearest whole number, required to
produce10% of fines for each test specimen, with the percentage of material passing in the
range7.5% to12.5%, from the following expression:
14 f
F=
m+ 4
Where
f = maximum force (in kN)
m= percentage of material passing the2.36mm test sieve at the maximum force.
Table:

Serial MI M2 M3 F M1- m.=

No. (M2+M3) M2/M1x1
0

Calculate the mean of the two results to the nearest10kN for forces of100kN or more, or
to the nearest 5kN for forces of less than100kN. Report the mean as the ten per cent fines
value, unless the individual results differ by more than10kN and by more than 0.1 times the
mean value. In this case repeat the test on two further specimens, calculate the median of the
four results to the nearest 10kN for forces of 100kN or more, or to the nearest 5kN for forces
of less than 100kN, and report the median as the ten per cent fines value.
Check:
1. Unless the individual results differ by more than 10 kN
172.1-164.5 =7.6
OK

2. The difference of the individual result should not more than 0.1 times the mean
value.
172.1-164.5 =7.6
0.1x (172.1+164.5) =16.83 ok
If the check is not ok the repeat the test on two further specimens,
calculate the median of the four results to the nearest 10 kN for forces of 100 kN or more, or
to the nearest 5 kN for forces of less than 100 kN, and report the median as the ten per cent
fines value..
Precation:
 Does not fall within the range 7.5 % to 12.5 %, test a further specimen, using an
adjusted maximum test loading to bring the percentage of fines within the range
and record the value of m obtained.
 Take care to avoid loss of fines.
 Mechanical sieving should only be used for aggregates which do not degrade
under its action.
 Repeat the complete test procedure with the same mass of aggregate at the same
force that gave a percentage fines value within the range7.5 % to12.5%.