‫جامعة اإلسكندرية‬ ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY

‫كلية الهندسة‬ FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

‫قسم الهندسة الميكانيكية‬ Mechanical Engineering Department
‫شعبة اآلالت الهيدروليكية و ميكانيكا الموائع‬ .Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Mechanics Branch

FLUID MECHANICS II

No. Name P1 P2 P3
451 ‫محمود يوسف عبد الحليم السيد الطلخاوى‬
510 ‫هانى عبد الناصر جابر احمد‬
517 ‫هشام محمد كامل احمد‬

Contents:-
1-Friction Factor Experiment
2-Branched pipe report
3-Valve sizing
4-CFD Report

Friction factor experiment

Objectives:-
To find experimentally the coefficient of friction for a short pipe.
Procedures:-

1.Start the pump.

2. Control the flow rate using delivery valve and the valve at the end of
the pipe.
3. Read the pressure head difference from the piezometer tube.
4. Measure the flow rate Q using the volumetric tank, stop watch and the
rotameter.
5. Repeat for difference flow rate.
6. Calculate friction factor.

Results:-

Readin Head difference Volume Time Flow rate Friction

g (hl ) mm lit sec m3/sec factor
NO (f)
1 10 6 14.1 4.25*10−4 0.0036

2 40 6 6.1 9.8*10−4 0.00278

3 80 6 4.6 1.3*10−3 0.00316

Sample of calculations:-
2
.8∗f∗Q
h= l 5
gd

L=1.94 d=2.54cm

hl∗g∗d 5
f= .8∗Q2
 10∗9.81∗(2.54∗10−2)5
f= .8∗1.94∗( 4.25∗10−4 )2

f=.0036

To get Reynolds Number

⍴ vl
R= µ

1000∗4.25∗10− 4
∗1.94
π( −2 2
R1= 4 2.54∗10 ) =1.6*106
.001

R2=2.4*106
R3=4.9*106
From moody chart

f1=.018 f2=.015 f3=.013

Comment and conclusion:-

1-By increasing the flow rate (Q), head difference ( hl ) increases
also.
2-Reynolds number is very high so it’s in complete turbulent.
For smooth pipe relative roughness equals zero.
3-There’s a big difference between the value of friction factor from
experiment and the value from MOODY CHART
 Branched Pipe Report

* Matlab program code :

%this program is used to get the value of Energy at junction but to get the
%appropriate value we have to use trial and error method so we can use this
program for this function
Clc,clear
% data of 1st pipeline
l1=input('enter the length of 1st pipe(m)= ');
d1=input('enter the diamter of 1st pipe(m)= ');
f1=input('enter the coefficient of friction for 1st pipe= ');
% data of 2nd pipeline
l2=input('enter the length of 2nd pipe(m)= ');
d2=input('enter the diamter of 2nd pipe(m)= ');
f2=input('enter the coefficient of friction for 2nd pipe= ');
%data of 3rd pipeline
l3=input('enter the length of 3rd pipe(m)= ');
d3=input('enter the diamter of 3rd pipe(m)= ');
f3=input('enter the coefficient of friction for 3rd pipe= ');
%data of tanks
Za=input('enter the high of the 1st tank away from the reference(m)= ');
Zb=input('enter the high of the 2nd tank away from the reference(m)= ');
Zc=input('enter the high of the 3rd tank away from the reference(m)= ');
C=input('enter the suitable clearance= ');
% ***************************************************************
Ea=Za;Eb=Zb;Ec=Zc;g=9.81;
Ej=input('enter your assumption of point J energy(m)= ');
if Ej>Ea || Ej<Ec
disp('out of range Za>Ej>Zc ')
break,
elseif Ej==Ea
disp('the flow will stop in the 1st pipe')
break,
elseif Ej==Ec
disp('the flow will stop in the 3rd pipe')
break;
else
% Flow resistance
r1=(.8*l1*f1)/(g*(d1)^5);
r2=(.8*l2*f2)/(g*(d2)^5);
r3=(.8*l3*f3)/(g*(d3)^5);
i=0;
while i>=0
i=i+1;

q1=sqrt((Ea-Ej)/r1);
q3=sqrt((Ej-Ec)/r3);
if Ej>Eb
q2=sqrt((Ej-Eb)/r2);
dq=q1-q2-q3;
if dq<=C && dq>=-C
break,end
if dq>=10*C
Ej=Ej+(.1*Ej);
elseif dq>C && dq<10*C
Ej=Ej+(C*Ej);
 elseif dq<-C && dq>-10*C
Ej=Ej-(C*Ej);
elseif dq <=-10*C
Ej=Ej-(.1*Ej);
end,
end
if Ej<Eb
q2=sqrt((Eb-Ej)/r2);
dq=q1+q2-q3;
if dq<=C && dq>=-C
break,end
if dq>=10*C
Ej=Ej+(.1*Ej);
elseif dq>C && dq<10*C
Ej=Ej+(C*Ej);
elseif dq<-C && dq>-10*C
Ej=Ej-(C*Ej);
elseif dq <=-10*C
Ej=Ej-(.1*Ej);
end,
end
T(i)=Ej;M(i)=dq;F(i)=q1;W(i)=q2;H(i)=q3;N(i)=i;
end
b=[i;Ej;dq;q1;q2;q3];
R=[N;T;M;F;W;H];
fprintf(' I Ej DQ Q1 Q2 Q3 \n')
x=ceil(i*0.1);
for z=1:x:i;
fprintf('%5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f\n',R(:,z))
end
fprintf('%5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f %5.5f\n',b)
end
The results:-

enter the length of 1st pipe= 3000

enter the diamter of 1st pipe= 1
enter the coefficient of friction for 1st pipe= .014
enter the length of 2nd pipe= 6000
enter the diamter of 2nd pipe= .45
enter the coefficient of friction for 2nd pipe= .024
enter the length of 3rd pipe= 1000
enter the diamter of 3rd pipe= .6
enter the coefficient of friction for 3rd pipe= .02
enter the high of the 1st tank away from the referance= 30
enter the high of the 2nd tank away from the referance= 18
enter the high of the 3rd tank away from the referance= 9
enter the suitable clearance= .00001
enter your assumption of point J energy= 19.5

I Ej DQ Q1 Q2 Q3
1.00000 21.45000 0.99481 1.75089 0.04855 0.70753
637.00000 26.60555 0.35326 1.30278 0.09860 0.85092
1273.00000 27.00019 0.29961 1.26194 0.10142 0.86091
1909.00000 27.40069 0.24396 1.21909 0.10420 0.87093
2545.00000 27.80714 0.18607 1.17401 0.10695 0.88099
3181.00000 28.21961 0.12567 1.12642 0.10967 0.89108
3817.00000 28.63819 0.06241 1.07597 0.11236 0.90120
4453.00000 23.77881 -0.00415 1.02224 0.11503 0.91136
5089.00000 24.13153 -0.07458 0.96465 0.11768 0.92155
5725.00000 24.48948 -0.14963 0.90246 0.12030 0.93178
6351.00000 26.39725 0.00000 1.02561 0.11487 0.91074

Valve sizing