JABATAN PENDIDIKAN KEJURUTERAAN

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET

Name MAS ZHAMIR ZHAKWAN BIN ABDUL

AZID
NO MATRIC CB200066
Course ELECTRONIC 2
Course Code BBN 10205
Experiment 07
Experiment Tittle OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Programme BBN

DENGAN HIKMAH, KITA MENEROKA

WITH WISDOM, WE EXPLORE

EXPERIMENT: INVERTING and NON-INVERTING OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

OBJECTIVES:
 1. To determine the input, output waveform and output voltage
2. To determine the voltage gain (Av)

EQUIPMENT LIST
1) Multisim software
2) Lab Sheet

THEORY:

Inverting Operational Amplifier Configuration

In this Inverting Amplifier circuit the operational amplifier is connected with

feedback to produce a closed loop operation. When dealing with operational
amplifiers there are two very important rules to remember about inverting amplifiers,
these are: “No current flows into the input terminal” and that “V1 always equals V2”.
However, in real world op-amp circuits both of these rules are slightly broken.
This is because the junction of the input and feedback signal ( X ) is at the same
potential as the positive ( + ) input which is at zero volts or ground then, the junction
is a “Virtual Earth”. Because of this virtual earth node the input resistance of the
amplifier is equal to the value of the input resistor, Rin and the closed loop gain of
the inverting amplifier can be set by the ratio of the two external resistors.
We said above that there are two very important rules to remember about Inverting
Amplifiers or any operational amplifier for that matter and these are.
 No Current Flows into the Input Terminals
 The Differential Input Voltage is Zero as V1 = V2 = 0 (Virtual Earth)

Non-inverting Operational Amplifier Configuration

In this configuration, the input voltage signal, ( VIN ) is applied directly to the non-
inverting ( + ) input terminal which means that the output gain of the amplifier
becomes “Positive” in value in contrast to the “Inverting Amplifier” circuit we saw in
the last tutorial whose output gain is negative in value. The result of this is that the
output signal is “in-phase” with the input signal.
Feedback control of the non-inverting operational amplifier is achieved by applying a
small part of the output voltage signal back to the inverting ( – ) input terminal via
a Rƒ – R2 voltage divider network, again producing negative feedback. This closed-
loop configuration produces a non-inverting amplifier circuit with very good stability, a
very high input impedance, Rin approaching infinity, as no current flows into the
positive input terminal, (ideal conditions) and a low output impedance

(sourse: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_3.html)

PROCEDURES:
 1. Figure 1 shows a inverting operational amplifier. Calculate the output voltage (Vout)
and voltage gain (Av). Then, record the result in table 1. Shows all the calculation
clearly.

2. By using Multisim software, construct the circuit with using the correct parameter and
simulate the output at the Vout and voltage gain (Av)
3. Draw the waveform Vin and Vout.
4. Using with Figure 1, change the resistor position to produce non-inverting amplifier.
Also determine the output voltage (Vout) and voltage gain (Av). Then, record the result
in table 1.

Vout
V IN

V Amp= 1 V

Freq= 100 Hz

Figure 1

RESULT:
Table 1
Parameter Calculation Measurement (Multisim)

1. Vo = Vout INVERTING
(inverting)
−Rf
Vo= xV1
R1

−10 k Ω
Vo= x1V
1k Ω

Vo=¿-10V INVERTING

2. Vo = Vout NON-INVERTING
(non-
inverting) Rf
Vo=(1+ )x V 1
R1

10 k Ω
Vo=(1+ ) x 1V
1k Ω

Vo=11 V
NON-INVERTING

1. Voltage INVERTING
Gain, Av
(inverting) Av = Rf/Rin
Av = 10kΩ/1kΩ
Av = 10

2.Voltage NON-INVERTING
Gain, Av
(non- Av = 1 + R2/R1
inverting) Av = 1 + 1kΩ/10kΩ
Av = 11

INVERTING Vinput
Draw input
voltage (Vin) TIME/DIV : 2ms
waveform and
output voltage VOLT/DIV
(Vout) INPUT : 1V Voutput
waveform OUTPUT : 5V
INVERTING

NON-INVERTING
(inverting and Vinput
non-inverting) TIME/DIV : 2ms

VOLT/DIV
INPUT : 1V
OUTPUT : 5V
Voutput

NON-INVERTING

DISCUSSION:

1. Discuss calculation and measurement result.

 The calculation of the value almost the same with the measurement. Measurement
more presice between the calculation.

2. Discuss why do we need offset voltage in operational amplifier.

 The input offset voltage is defined as the voltage that must be applied between the
two input terminals of the op amp to obtain zero volts at the output. Ideally the output
of the op amp should be at zero volts when the inputs are grounded. In reality the
input terminals are at slightly different dc potentials.

CONCLUSION:

 Based on the experiment, we understand about the operation amplifier and

we got understand the offset voltage in Amplifier with inverting and we can
understand the offset voltage in Amplifier with Non-Inverting.
 Ideal operational amplifiers differs that or actual amplifiers.
 There are many factors that determines the operational amplifier performance
such as signal frequency, gain value and voltage amplitude.

REFERENCES:
 https://www.slideshare.net/mohammadzeyad4/instrumentation-lab-
experiment-3-report-operational-amplifiers
 https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/140509/calculate-vout-
from-an-op-amp
 https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/sloa059#:~:text=The%20input%20offset%20voltage
%20is,at%20slightly%20different%20dc%20potentials.
 http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Voltage-gain-op-amp-
circuit.php
 https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/operational-
amplifier-op-amp/gain-equations.php